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Gimson's Pronunciation of English 8th edition [Minkštas viršelis]

3.90/5 (77 ratings by Goodreads)
(University of Oxford, UK)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 410 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 636 g, 226 Tables, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Feb-2014
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1444183095
  • ISBN-13: 9781444183092
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Gimson's Pronunciation of English 8th editionDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 410 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 636 g, 226 Tables, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Feb-2014
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-10: 1444183095
  • ISBN-13: 9781444183092
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Kitos knygos iš šio išskirtinio pasiūlymo: Taylor & Francis siūlo daug leidinių humanitarine tema ISE (International Student Edition) kainomis
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781444183092.html
Raktažodžiai:

Since its first publication in 1962, Gimson’s Pronunciation of English has been the essential reference book for anyone studying or teaching the pronunciation of English.

This eighth edition has been updated to describe General British (GB) as the principal accent, rather than RP, and the accompanying transcriptions have been brought into line with recent changes in pronunciation. This latest edition also includes completely rewritten chapters on the history of the language and the emergence of a standard, alongside a justification for the change from RP to GB.

A further bonus to this important text is its extensive and attractive new Companion Website (www.routledge.com/cw/cruttenden), which now includes moment-by-moment commentaries on videos showing the articulation of all GB consonants and vowels in spoken phrases, as well as cross-referencing between the book and these videos. The Companion Website also includes new recordings of Old English, Middle English, and Early Modern English, and features links to recordings of recent and current GB with comments and transcriptions.

Comprehensive yet accessible, Gimson’s Pronunciation of English remains the indispensable reference book for anyone for anyone with an interest in English phonetics.

Recenzijos

There are books which you need to read, possibly from the library, and books which you need to own. Together with a pronouncing dictionary of English, this excellent update of Gimson's classic description of the pronunciation of English, now completely rewritten by Alan Cruttenden, should be on the bookshelf of every serious student or teacher of English.

Daniel Hirst, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, France & Tongji University, Shanghai, China

Unique and unrivalled, of Cruttenden's four successive brilliant re-workings and updatings upon the famous Gimson foundation, this is the most remarkable yet, not least for its groundbreaking new audio-visual Companion Website.

Jack Windsor-Lewis, formerly of the University of Leeds, UK

This well-respected volume continues to be an invaluable authority on the pronunciation of English, and the on-going efforts by Alan Cruttenden to keep it updated are exceptionally welcome. In this eighth edition, in addition to the material being revised throughout, there are substantial changes to Chapter 6, on the Historical Background, and also Chapter 7, on Standard and Regional Accents, both of which have largely been rewritten. These updates will ensure this volume continues to be an essential resource for anyone teaching or researching the pronunciation of English, especially with the continued development of on-line resources to accompany the book.

David Deterding, University of Brunei, Darussalam

Under Alan Cruttendens excellent stewardship, Gimsons Pronunciation of English continues to be the ultimate authority on the subject of English phonetics; no student or teacher of this subject can do without it. Cruttendens rejection of the term "Received Pronunciation" in favour of "General British" is, in my opinion, timely and his transcriptional revisions to certain vowel symbols reflective of current trends in General British pronunciation. The commentaries on articulation added to the MRI videos on the companion website are particularly elucidating. I will definitely be referring my students to this informative material.

Jane Setter, University of Reading, UK 'There are books which you need to read, possibly from the library, and books which you need to own. Together with a pronouncing dictionary of English, this excellent update of Gimson's classic description of the pronunciation of English, now completely rewritten by Alan Cruttenden, should be on the bookshelf of every serious student or teacher of English.' - Daniel Hirst, CNRS, Aix-Marseille University, France & Tongji University, Shanghai, China

'Unique and unrivalled, of Cruttenden's four successive brilliant re-workings and updatings upon the famous Gimson foundation, this is the most remarkable yet, not least for its groundbreaking new audio-visual Companion Website.' - Jack Windsor-Lewis, formerly of the University of Leeds, UK

'This well-respected volume continues to be an invaluable authority on the pronunciation of English, and the on-going efforts by Alan Cruttenden to keep it updated are exceptionally welcome. In this eighth edition, in addition to the material being revised throughout, there are substantial changes to Chapter 6, on the Historical Background, and also Chapter 7, on Standard and Regional Accents, both of which have largely been rewritten. These updates will ensure this volume continues to be an essential resource for anyone teaching or researching the pronunciation of English, especially with the continued development of on-line resources to accompany the book.' - David Deterding, University of Brunei, Darussalam

'Under Alan Cruttendens excellent stewardship, Gimsons Pronunciation of English continues to be the ultimate authority on the subject of English phonetics; no student or teacher of this subject can do without it.

Cruttendens rejection of the term "Received Pronunciation" in favour of "General British" is, in my opinion, timely and his transcriptional revisions to certain vowel symbols reflective of current trends in General British pronunciation.

The commentaries on articulation added to the MRI videos on the companion website are particularly elucidating. I will definitely be referring my students to this informative material.'

- Jane Setter, University of Reading, UK

'...Cruttenden has again done an excellent job in updating GRP so that it remains the chief source of information on the pronunciation of standard English and related accents for English teachers and phoneticians around the world.' - Stanimir V. Rakic, formerly of the University of East Sarajevo, the LINGUIST LIST

Foreword to the First Edition (1962) xiv
Foreword to the Eighth Edition (2014) xvi
List of figures xviii
List of tables xx
List of text boxes xxi
List of phonetic symbols and signs and abbreviations xxiii
Part I Language and speech 1(56)
1 Introduction
3(5)
1.1 Language and linguistics
3(1)
1.1.1 Phonetics as part of linguistics
3(1)
1.1.2 Phonetics, phonology and phonemics
3(1)
1.1.3 Pronunciation and spelling
4(1)
1.2 Change and variation
4(1)
1.3 Learning
5(3)
1.3.1 Functional load, phonetic cues and redundancy
5(1)
1.3.2 Acquiring English as an L1
6(1)
1.3.3 Acquiring English as an additional language
6(2)
2 The production of speech: the physiological aspect
8(10)
2.1 The speech chain
8(1)
2.2 The speech mechanism
8(10)
2.2.1 Sources of energy-the lungs
9(1)
2.2.2 The larynx and the vocal cords
9(3)
2.2.3 The resonating cavities
12(8)
2.2.3.1 The pharynx
12(2)
2.2.3.2 The mouth
14(4)
3 The sounds of speech: the acoustic and auditory aspects
18(9)
3.1 Sound quality
18(2)
3.2 The acoustic spectrum
20(5)
3.2.1 Fundamental frequency: pitch
22(1)
3.2.2 Intensity: loudness
23(1)
3.2.3 Duration: length
24(1)
3.2.4 'Stress'
24(1)
3.3 Hearing
25(2)
4 The description and classification of speech sounds
27(14)
4.1 Phonetic description
27(1)
4.2 Vowel and consonant
27(1)
4.3 Consonants
28(6)
4.3.1 Egressive pulmonic consonants
29(1)
4.3.2 Voicing
29(1)
4.3.3 Place of articulation
29(1)
4.3.4 Manner of articulation
30(1)
4.3.5 Obstruents and sonorants
31(1)
4.3.6 Fortis and lenis
31(1)
4.3.7 Classification of consonants
32(1)
4.3.8 Ingressive pulmonic consonants
32(1)
4.3.9 Egressive glottalic consonants
32(1)
4.3.10 Ingressive glottalic consonants
32(2)
4.3.11 Ingressive velaric consonants
34(1)
4.4 Vowels
34(7)
4.4.1 Difficulties of description
35(1)
4.4.2 Cardinal Vowels
36(2)
4.4.3 Nasality
38(1)
4.4.4 Relatively pure vowels vs gliding vowels
38(1)
4.4.5 Articulatory classification of vowels
39(2)
5 Sounds in language
41(16)
5.1 Speech sounds and linguistic units
41(1)
5.2 The linguistic hierarchy
42(1)
5.3 Phonemes
43(6)
5.3.1 Diversity of phonemic solutions
44(1)
5.3.2 Distinctive features
44(1)
5.3.3 Allophones
45(2)
5.3.4 Neutralisation
47(1)
5.3.5 Phonemic systems
47(2)
5.4 Transcription
49(1)
5.5 Syllables
50(3)
5.5.1 The sonority hierarchy
50(1)
5.5.2 Syllable constituency
51(1)
5.5.3 Syllable boundaries
52(1)
5.6 Vowel and consonant
53(1)
5.7 Prosodic features
54(1)
5.8 Paralinguistic and extralinguistic features
54(3)
Part II The sounds of English 57(182)
6 The historical background
59(15)
6.1 Evidence for phonetic reconstruction and change
59(2)
6.1.1 Latin and Runic as base
59(1)
6.1.2 Intervening values
60(1)
6.1.3 Rhymes and metre
60(1)
6.1.4 Direct evidence
60(1)
6.2 Sound change
61(2)
6.2.1 Phonemic change
61(1)
6.2.2 Contextual change
61(1)
6.2.3 Lexical change
62(1)
6.2.4 Foreign imports
62(1)
6.2.5 Accentual change
62(1)
6.2.6 The influence of spelling
63(1)
6.3 Old English (OE)
63(2)
6.3.1 Classical Old English sound system
64(1)
6.4 Middle English (ME)
65(1)
6.4.1 Late Middle English sound system
65(1)
6.5 Early Modern English (eModE)
66(3)
6.5.1 Early Modern English sound system
68(1)
6.6 Towards current General British (GB)
69(2)
6.6.1 Direct evidence
69(1)
6.6.2 Changes since Shakespeare
70(1)
6.7 Overview of changes from OE to current General British (GB)
71(3)
6.7.1 Categorical change, gradual change and variation
71(1)
6.7.2 Vowel changes
72(1)
6.7.3 Consonantal changes
73(1)
7 Standard and regional accents
74(22)
7.1 The emergence of a standard
74(2)
7.2 Early uses of 'received' and 'received pronunciation'
76(1)
7.3 Daniel Jones, the BBC, RP and GB
77(1)
7.4 'Modern RP'
78(1)
7.5 Other names for RP
78(2)
7.6 General British (GB)
80(1)
7.7 Conspicuous General British (CGB)
81(1)
7.8 Regional General British (RGB)
81(1)
7.9 GB and foreign learners
82(1)
7.10 Recent changes in GB
83(2)
7.10.1 Changes almost complete
83(1)
7.10.2 Changes well established
83(2)
7.10.3 Recent trends
85(1)
7.11 Systems and standards other than GB and their influence on RGB
85(1)
7.12 Comparing systems of pronunciation
86(10)
7.12.1 General American (GA)
87(1)
7.12.2 Standard Scottish English (SSE)
88(1)
7.12.3 London English, Estuary English (EE) and Multicultural London English (MLE)
89(2)
7.12.4 General Northern English (GNE)
91(1)
7.12.5 Australian English (ANE)
92(1)
7.12.6 Caribbean English
93(3)
8 The English vowels
96(65)
8.1 The distinctive vowels
96(2)
8.2 Vowel glides with preceding /j,w/
98(2)
8.3 Glides to [ ]
100(1)
8.4 Vowel length
100(3)
8.4.1 Phonetic relationships
100(2)
8.4.2 Morphophonemic alternations
102(1)
8.5 Transcriptions of English vowels
103(1)
8.6 Acoustics of GB vowels
104(5)
8.7 Learning of vowels
109(1)
8.7.1 Acquisition of vowels by native learners
109(1)
8.7.2 Advice to foreign learners
109(1)
8.8 Descriptions of the vowels
110(1)
8.9 (Relatively) pure vowels
111(29)
8.9.1 /i:/
111(2)
8.9.2 /i/
113(3)
8.9.3 /e/
116(2)
8.9.4 /e:/
118(1)
8.9.5 /a/
119(2)
8.9.6 /^/
121(2)
8.9.7 /a:/
123(3)
8.9.8 / /
126(2)
8.9.9 / /
128(2)
8.9.10 / /
130(2)
8.9.11 /u:/
132(3)
8.9.12 / /
135(2)
8.9.13 / /
137(3)
8.10 Diphthongal vowel glides
140(10)
8.10.1 /ei/
140(2)
8.10.2 /ai/
142(2)
8.10.3 / i/
144(2)
8.10.4 / /
146(2)
8.10.5 / /
148(2)
8.11 Diphthongs + [ ]
150(3)
8.12 Centring diphthongs
153(4)
8.12.1 / /
153(2)
8.12.2 / /
155(2)
8.13 Vowels in syllables without primary accent
157(1)
8.14 The frequency of occurrence of GB vowels
158(3)
9 The English consonants
161(78)
9.1 The distinctive consonants
161(1)
Class A: Obstruents
162(47)
9.2 Plosives
162(24)
9.2.1 The phonetic features of English plosives
163(4)
9.2.2 Acoustic features of English plosives
167(2)
9.2.3 Acquisition of plosives by native learners
169(1)
9.2.4 The release stage of English plosives
169(4)
9.2.5 Bilabial plosives /p,b/
173(2)
9.2.6 Alveolar plosives /t,d/
175(4)
9.2.7 Velar plosives /k,g/
179(3)
9.2.8 Glottal plosive [ ?]
182(4)
9.3 Affricates
186(6)
9.3.1 Palato-alveolar affricates /tf,d3/
188(4)
9.4 Fricatives
192(14)
9.4.1 Acoustic features of English fricatives
194(1)
9.4.2 Acquisition of fricatives by native learners
195(1)
9.4.3 Labiodental fricatives /f,v/
196(2)
9.4.4 Dental fricatives /θ, partialdifferential/
198(2)
9.4.5 Alveolar fricatives /s,z/
200(3)
9.4.6 Palato-alveolar fricatives / , 3/
203(3)
9.4.7 Glottal fricative /h/
206(3)
9.5 Voiced and voiceless as phonological categories
208(1)
Class B: Sonorants
209(32)
9.6 Nasals
209(8)
9.6.1 Bilabial nasal /m/
211(2)
9.6.2 Alveolar nasal /n/
213(2)
9.6.3 Velar nasal /η/
215(2)
9.7 Oral approximants
217(18)
9.7.1 Lateral approximant /l/
217(5)
9.7.2 Post-alveolar approximant /r/
222(6)
9.7.3 Palatal and labial-velar approximants (or semi-vowels)
228(1)
9.7.4 Unrounded palatal approximant /j/
229(3)
9.7.5 Rounded labial-velar approximant /w/
232(3)
9.8 The frequency of occurrence of GB consonants
235(4)
Part III Words and connected speech 239(84)
10 Words
241(29)
10.1 Accent
241(1)
10.2 Accent and prominence
242(2)
10.3 Word accentual patterns
244(8)
10.3.1 Roots
244(2)
10.3.2 Suffixes
246(2)
10.3.3 Prefixes
248(1)
10.3.4 Secondary accent
248(1)
10.3.5 Compounds
248(4)
10.4 Word accentual instability
252(1)
10.5 Distinctive word accentual patterns
253(2)
10.6 Acquisition of word accent by native learners
255(1)
10.7 Word accent-advice to foreign learners
255(1)
10.8 Elision and epenthesis
256(2)
10.9 Variability in the phonemic structure of words
258(1)
10.10 Phonotactics
259(9)
10.10.1 Word-initial phoneme sequences
260(1)
10.10.2 Word-final phoneme sequences
261(2)
10.10.3 Word-medial syllable division
263(2)
10.10.4 Inflexional suffix formation
265(2)
10.10.5 Acquisition of phonotactics by native learners
267(1)
10.10.6 Phonotactics-advice to foreign learners
267(1)
10.11 Consonant harmony in the word structure of native learners
268(2)
11 Connected speech
270(35)
11.1 Accent
270(1)
11.2 Prominence, accent and rhythm
271(2)
11.3 Weak forms
273(3)
11.4 Acquisition of rhythm and weak forms by native learners
276(1)
11.5 Rhythm and weak forms-advice to foreign learners
276(1)
11.6 Intonation
277(25)
11.6.1 The forms of intonation
277(7)
11.6.1.1 Intonational phrases
277(1)
11.6.1.2 Primary accents
278(1)
11.6.1.3 Types of nuclear tone
278(3)
11.6.1.4 Secondary accents
281(1)
11.6.1.5 The pitch of unaccented syllables
282(2)
11.6.2 The functions of intonation
284(14)
11.6.2.1 Intonational phrasing
284(2)
11.6.2.2 Primary accents and new information
286(2)
11.6.2.3 Primary accents on function words
288(1)
11.6.2.4 Focusing adverbs
288(2)
11.6.2.5 Some special accentings
290(1)
11.6.2.6 The meanings of tones
291(7)
11.6.2.7 The use of secondary accents
298(1)
11.6.3 Regional variation in intonation
298(1)
11.6.4 Pitch range
299(1)
11.6.5 Intonation and punctuation
300(1)
11.6.6 Acquisition of intonation by native learners
300(1)
11.6.7 Intonation-advice to foreign learners
301(1)
11.7 Hesitations
302(1)
11.8 Voice quality
302(3)
12 Words in connected speech
305(18)
12.1 Citation forms and connected speech
305(1)
12.2 Neutralisation of weak forms
305(2)
12.3 Variation in the accentual pattern of words
307(1)
12.4 Phonetic variations within words and at boundaries
308(11)
12.4.1 Allophonic variations
308(2)
12.4.2 Phonemic variations
310(1)
12.4.3 Voiced/voiceless variations
310(1)
12.4.4 Nasality and labialisation
311(1)
12.4.5 Variations of place
312(1)
12.4.6 Elision
313(2)
12.4.7 Liaison
315(3)
12.4.8 Juncture
318(1)
12.5 Stylistic variation
319(1)
12.6 Frequency of occurrence of monosyllabic and polysyllabic words
320(1)
12.7 Advice to foreign learners
321(2)
Part IV Language teaching and learning 323(30)
13 Teaching and learning the pronunciation of English as an additional language
325(28)
13.1 The place of pronunciation
325(1)
13.2 Models and targets
326(2)
13.2.1 Native speaker targets
326(1)
13.2.2 GB and Regional GBs
326(1)
13.2.3 Amalgam English and International English
327(1)
13.3 GB and Regional GBs: priorities and tolerances
328(7)
13.3.1 Consonants
328(2)
13.3.1.1 Plosives
328(1)
13.3.1.2 Fricatives
329(1)
13.3.1.3 Affricates
329(1)
13.3.1.4 Approximants
329(1)
13.3.1.5 Nasals
329(1)
13.3.1.6 Consonant clusters
330(1)
13.3.2 Vowels
330(3)
13.3.3 Accent and rhythm
333(1)
13.3.4 Sounds in connected speech
334(1)
13.3.5 Intonation
334(1)
13.4 Amalgam English: priorities and tolerances
335(6)
13.4.1 Consonants
336(2)
13.4.1.1 Plosives
336(1)
13.4.1.2 Fricatives
336(1)
13.4.1.3 Affricates
337(1)
13.4.1.4 Approximants
337(1)
13.4.1.5 Nasals
337(1)
13.4.1.6 Consonant clusters
337(1)
13.4.2 Vowels
338(2)
13.4.3 Accentuation, intonation and connected speech
340(1)
13.4.4 Summary: Amalgam English
340(1)
13.5 International English: priorities and tolerances
341(4)
13.5.1 Consonants
341(2)
13.5.1.1 Plosives
341(1)
13.5.1.2 Fricatives
342(1)
13.5.1.3 Affricates
342(1)
13.5.1.4 Approximants
342(1)
13.5.1.5 Nasals
343(1)
13.5.1.6 Consonant clusters
343(1)
13.5.2 Vowels
343(1)
13.5.3 Accentuation, intonation and connected speech
343(1)
13.5.4 Summary: International English
344(1)
13.6 Teaching methods
345(4)
13.6.1 Consonants
346(1)
13.6.2 Vowels
347(1)
13.6.3 Accentuation
348(1)
13.6.4 Intonation
349(1)
13.7 Pronouncing dictionaries
349(1)
13.8 Assessment
350(3)
13.8.1 Comprehension
350(1)
13.8.2 Production
351(2)
Selective Glossary 353(5)
References 358(16)
Index 374
A. C. Gimson was Professor of Phonetics at the University College, London.

Alan Cruttenden is Emeritus Professor of Phonetics, University of Manchester, and Fellow of the Phonetics Laboratory, University of Oxford.