| Introduction |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Conventions Used in This Book |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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How This Book Is Organized |
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3 | (1) |
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GIS: Geography on Steroids |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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Retrieving, Counting, and Characterizing Geography |
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3 | (1) |
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Analyzing Geographic Patterns |
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4 | (1) |
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GIS Output and Application |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (2) |
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Part I: GIS: Geography on Steroids |
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7 | (50) |
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9 | (14) |
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10 | (1) |
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Meeting the GIS Collective |
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11 | (4) |
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Accumulating geographic data |
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11 | (1) |
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Adding the right computing power |
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12 | (1) |
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Providing display and representation |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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Knowing How to Think Spatially |
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15 | (5) |
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Recognizing the spatial nature of questions |
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16 | (1) |
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Discovering what's so special about spatial data |
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17 | (3) |
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20 | (3) |
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Managing business activities |
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20 | (1) |
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Planning city operations and expansion |
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21 | (1) |
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Providing protection and emergency services |
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21 | (1) |
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Land management and conservation |
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21 | (1) |
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Military and defense-related tasks |
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21 | (1) |
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A treasure chest of possibilities |
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22 | (1) |
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Recognizing How Maps Show Information |
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23 | (16) |
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Knowing How Maps Represent Geography |
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23 | (4) |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Incorporating symbols into your map |
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26 | (1) |
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Recognizing the Different Types of Maps |
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27 | (4) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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Grasping the importance of scale |
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30 | (1) |
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Working with Projections and Datums |
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31 | (3) |
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Picking the right projections |
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32 | (1) |
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Good projections depend on accurate datums |
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33 | (1) |
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Working with Coordinate Systems and Land Subdivisions |
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34 | (5) |
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Meeting the Universal Transverse Mercator (I know you want to) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (3) |
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Reading, Analyzing, and Interpreting Maps |
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39 | (18) |
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40 | (4) |
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Categorizing the space on a map |
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40 | (1) |
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Understanding levels of measurement |
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41 | (1) |
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Understanding the relationship between symbology and data measurement |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (6) |
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Identifying random distributional patterns |
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45 | (1) |
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Finding clustered distributional patterns |
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46 | (1) |
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Observing uniform distributional patterns |
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47 | (1) |
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Seeing patterns among dissimilar features |
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47 | (1) |
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Describing patterns with linear features |
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48 | (1) |
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Understanding the repeated sequence of shapes |
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48 | (2) |
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Analyzing and Quantifying Patterns |
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50 | (5) |
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Knowing your geometry and patterns |
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51 | (1) |
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Using GIS software for the analysis |
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52 | (1) |
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Determining the type of pattern |
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52 | (3) |
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Identifying even more patterns |
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55 | (1) |
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Interpreting the Results and Making Decisions |
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55 | (2) |
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Part II: Geography Goes Digital |
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57 | (78) |
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Creating a Conceptual Model |
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59 | (14) |
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Helping Computers Read Maps |
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60 | (1) |
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Embracing the Model-Creation Process |
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60 | (1) |
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Defining Your Map's Contents |
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61 | (5) |
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61 | (1) |
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Applying the methodology to any GIS project |
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62 | (1) |
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Breaking down the data you want to include |
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63 | (2) |
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Verifying your data's characteristics |
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65 | (1) |
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Converting from Map to Computer |
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66 | (7) |
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Deciding how to represent your map |
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66 | (5) |
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Weighing the benefits: Raster versus vector |
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71 | (2) |
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Understanding the GIS Data Models |
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73 | (20) |
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Examining Raster Models and Structure |
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73 | (6) |
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Representing dimension when everything is square |
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74 | (1) |
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Making a quality difference with resolution |
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75 | (1) |
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Finding objects by coordinates |
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76 | (1) |
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Finding grid cells by category |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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Linking objects and descriptions |
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79 | (1) |
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Exploring Vector Representation |
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79 | (10) |
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Simple forms of vector representation |
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79 | (2) |
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Complex forms of vector representation |
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81 | (8) |
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89 | (4) |
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Storing surface data in a raster model |
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89 | (1) |
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Representing surfaces in a vector model |
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90 | (3) |
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Keeping Track of Data Descriptions |
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93 | (16) |
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Knowing the Simple Systems for Tracking Descriptions |
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94 | (4) |
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Understanding computer-assisted cartography |
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94 | (1) |
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Using computer-aided design |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (2) |
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Working with Tables and Database Management Systems |
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98 | (6) |
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Structuring simple relational data |
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98 | (2) |
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Getting more complex with relational joins |
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100 | (1) |
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Managing data in Vector GIS |
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101 | (1) |
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Storing data in Raster GIS |
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102 | (1) |
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Searching with SQL in any GIS |
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103 | (1) |
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Understanding Object-Oriented Systems |
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104 | (5) |
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Storing attributes with object-oriented systems |
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104 | (1) |
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Using object orientation to enhance descriptive information |
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105 | (1) |
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Knowing the packaging descriptions for different objects |
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105 | (4) |
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109 | (8) |
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Layering Data in GIS Models |
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110 | (1) |
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Comparing the Map-Handling Capabilities of GIS System Models |
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110 | (5) |
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Checking out a hybrid system model |
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111 | (2) |
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Eliminating pointers with integrated system models |
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113 | (1) |
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Getting better control with object-oriented system models |
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114 | (1) |
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Opting for an Object-Oriented Model |
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115 | (2) |
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Gathering and Digitizing Geographic Data |
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117 | (18) |
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117 | (1) |
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Importing Statistical and Sensory Data |
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118 | (7) |
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Getting information from GPS data |
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119 | (1) |
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Using remote sensing to create maps |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (1) |
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124 | (1) |
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Getting Existing Map Data into the Computer |
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125 | (10) |
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125 | (4) |
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Preparing your map for digitizing |
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129 | (1) |
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Deciding what to digitize |
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130 | (1) |
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Cleaning up after digitizing |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (3) |
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Part III: Retrieving, Counting, and Characterizing Geography |
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135 | (46) |
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Finding Information in Raster Systems |
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137 | (10) |
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Creating a Search Strategy |
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138 | (3) |
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Locating objects on a map |
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138 | (2) |
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Searching for linear features |
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140 | (1) |
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Searching for areas and distributions |
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140 | (1) |
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Using the Software to Perform a Search |
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141 | (3) |
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Searching in simple raster systems |
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141 | (2) |
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Searching DBMS-supported raster systems |
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143 | (1) |
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Counting and Tabulating the Search Results |
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144 | (3) |
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Getting simple statistics |
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144 | (1) |
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145 | (2) |
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Finding Features in Vector Systems |
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147 | (18) |
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Getting Explicit with Vector Data |
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148 | (1) |
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Seeing How Data Structure Affects Retrieval |
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149 | (2) |
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Deciding How to Search the Systems |
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151 | (1) |
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Targeting the right data source |
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152 | (1) |
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Keeping the expected result in mind |
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152 | (1) |
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Locating Specific Features with SQL |
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152 | (8) |
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153 | (4) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (2) |
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Searching Vector Systems using Geography |
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160 | (1) |
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Counting, Tabulation, and Summary Statistics |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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Searching for Geographic Objects, Distributions, and Groups |
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165 | (16) |
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Searching Polygons in a GIS |
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166 | (1) |
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Searching for the Right Objects |
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166 | (4) |
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Extracting specific information |
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167 | (1) |
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Knowing the size of each polygon |
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168 | (1) |
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Working with concentrations of point objects |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (6) |
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Searching based on category |
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170 | (1) |
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Finding polygons based on level |
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171 | (2) |
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Looking for polygons based on value |
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173 | (1) |
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Locating polygons based on size, shape, and orientation |
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173 | (2) |
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Finding polygons based on location and position |
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175 | (1) |
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Defining the Groups You Want to Find |
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176 | (5) |
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Looking for common properties |
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176 | (1) |
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Looking for common positioning |
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177 | (2) |
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Grouping by what you already know |
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179 | (2) |
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Part IV: Analyzing Geographic Patterns |
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181 | (96) |
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183 | (16) |
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Taking Absolute Measurement |
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183 | (8) |
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Finding the shortest straight-line path |
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184 | (3) |
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Measuring Manhattan distance |
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187 | (1) |
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Calculating distance along networks |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (3) |
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Establishing Relative Measurement |
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191 | (3) |
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191 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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Containment and surroundedness |
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193 | (1) |
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Measuring Functional Distance |
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194 | (5) |
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Anisotropy (whew!) --- non-uniformity |
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195 | (1) |
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Accounting for physical parameters |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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Creating the functional surface |
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196 | (2) |
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Calculating the functional distance |
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198 | (1) |
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Working with Statistical Surfaces |
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199 | (14) |
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Examining the Character of Statistical Surfaces |
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199 | (5) |
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Understanding discrete and continuous surfaces |
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201 | (1) |
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Exploring rugged and smooth surfaces |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Determining slope and orientation |
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203 | (1) |
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Working with Surface Data |
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204 | (5) |
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Collecting surface data for entire areas |
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204 | (1) |
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Sampling statistical surfaces |
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205 | (2) |
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Displaying and analyzing Z values |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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Predicting Values with Interpolation |
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209 | (4) |
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Determining values with linear interpolation |
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209 | (1) |
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Using non-linear interpolation |
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210 | (1) |
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Estimating values with distance-weighted interpolation |
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211 | (1) |
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Knowing the other exact interpolation methods |
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212 | (1) |
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Exploring Topographical Surfaces |
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213 | (12) |
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Modeling Visibility with Viewsheds |
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213 | (4) |
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The importance of viewshed analysis |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (2) |
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217 | (2) |
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217 | (1) |
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Working with basins in your GIS |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (3) |
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Knowing the importance of flow |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (2) |
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222 | (3) |
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Finding and quantifying streams |
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222 | (2) |
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Identifying methods that work for you |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (14) |
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225 | (2) |
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Recognizing the importance of connectivity |
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226 | (1) |
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Measuring and using connectivity |
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226 | (1) |
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Working with Impedance Values |
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227 | (2) |
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Knowing when your paths are fast or slow |
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227 | (1) |
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Modeling impedance for traffic flow |
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228 | (1) |
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Working with One-Way Paths |
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229 | (1) |
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Understanding unidirectional paths |
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229 | (1) |
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Modeling unidirectional paths |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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Knowing when lines create circuits |
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230 | (1) |
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Measuring and modeling circuits |
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231 | (1) |
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Working with Turns and Intersections |
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232 | (2) |
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Recognizing the importance of turns and intersections |
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232 | (1) |
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Encoding and using turns and intersections |
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232 | (2) |
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Directing Traffic and Exploiting Networks |
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234 | (5) |
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Finding the shortest path, or route |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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Finding the service areas |
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237 | (2) |
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239 | (14) |
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Exploring Methods of Map Overlay |
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240 | (5) |
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Finding points in polygons |
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241 | (2) |
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Finding lines on polygons |
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243 | (2) |
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Using Logical Overlay to Compare Polygons |
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245 | (5) |
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Searching with union overlay |
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245 | (1) |
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Using intersection overlay |
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246 | (1) |
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Understanding complement or symmetrical difference overlay |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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Comparing geometry with clip overlay |
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249 | (1) |
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Understanding Raster Overlay |
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250 | (1) |
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Comparing Features with Selective Overlay |
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250 | (3) |
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Map Algebra and Model Building |
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253 | (24) |
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Creating Cartographic Models |
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253 | (1) |
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Understanding Map Algebra |
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254 | (2) |
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The Language of Map Algebra |
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256 | (1) |
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Performing Functions with Map Algebra |
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256 | (14) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (5) |
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Exploring zonal functions |
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264 | (4) |
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Understanding block functions |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (3) |
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Making a formulation flowchart |
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271 | (2) |
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Basing your database on your flowchart |
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273 | (1) |
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273 | (2) |
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275 | (2) |
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Determining whether the software is working correctly |
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275 | (1) |
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Assessing whether the model gives adequate results |
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276 | (1) |
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Gauging whether your model makes sense |
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276 | (1) |
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Ensuring that your model satisfies the user |
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276 | (1) |
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Part V: GIS Output and Application |
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277 | (38) |
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Producing Cartographic Output |
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279 | (14) |
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Exploring Traditional Maps |
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280 | (7) |
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280 | (1) |
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Mapping quantitative data |
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281 | (2) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (2) |
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Factoring in graphic map design |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (6) |
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Attracting attention with area cartograms |
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288 | (2) |
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Distorting distance with linear cartograms |
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290 | (1) |
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Mapping sequence with routed line cartograms |
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290 | (3) |
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Generating Non-Cartographic Output |
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293 | (8) |
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Looking for Routings and Travel Directions |
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294 | (1) |
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Getting Customer Lists and Statistical Data |
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294 | (3) |
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Producing Alarms and Signals (Audio and Video) |
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297 | (1) |
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Benefiting from Virtual Output |
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297 | (4) |
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297 | (1) |
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Getting the most from flythroughs |
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298 | (3) |
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301 | (14) |
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Understanding How Your Organization's Interactions Change |
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301 | (1) |
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Categorizing the Types of Organizations That Use GIS |
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302 | (4) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (1) |
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Designing and Introducing a GIS for Your Organization |
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306 | (4) |
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Understanding how technology affects organizations |
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307 | (1) |
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308 | (1) |
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309 | (1) |
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Looking Before You Leap (And Afterwards, Too) |
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310 | (3) |
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Performing needs analysis |
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310 | (1) |
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Performing a cost/benefit analysis |
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311 | (2) |
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Understanding initial versus ongoing analysis |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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Part VI: The Part of Tens |
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315 | (28) |
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317 | (12) |
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Environmental Systems Research Institute |
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317 | (3) |
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PitneyBowes MapInfo Incorporated |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (2) |
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Ten Questions to Ask Potential Vendors |
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329 | (4) |
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What Services Do You Offer? |
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329 | (1) |
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Can You Show How Your Product Will Meet My Needs? |
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330 | (1) |
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What Data Formats Does Your Product Support? |
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330 | (1) |
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How Do You Handle Communications and Change Requests? |
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330 | (1) |
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What Hardware Expertise Do You Have? |
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331 | (1) |
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What Does the Price Include? |
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331 | (1) |
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How Long Until the System Is Operational? |
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331 | (1) |
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What Happens If the System Crashes? |
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332 | (1) |
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What Are Your Quality-Control Procedures? |
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332 | (1) |
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What Are Your Performance Guarantees? |
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332 | (1) |
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333 | (10) |
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336 | (1) |
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Environmental Systems Research Institute |
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337 | (1) |
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National Geospatial Data Clearinghouse |
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337 | (2) |
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Center for International Earth Science Information Network (CIESIN) |
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339 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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Instituto National de Estadistica Geographia e Informatica (INEGI) |
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340 | (1) |
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CGIAR Consortium for Spatial Information (CGIAR-CSI) |
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340 | (1) |
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Australian Consortium for the Asian Spatial Information and Analysis Network (ACASIAN) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
|
Canada Geospatial Data Infrastructure |
|
|
341 | (2) |
| Index |
|
343 | |
