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El. knyga: Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions

Edited by (Department of Geology and Geophysics, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India), Edited by , Edited by , Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Fisher Endowed Chair in Geological Sciences and Senior Research Scientist, Bureau of Economic Geo)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 08-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128181737
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Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and SolutionsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 08-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128181737
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Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions presents a compilation of compelling insights into groundwater scenarios within all groundwater-stressed regions across the world. Thematic sub-sections include groundwater studies on sources, scarcity, sustainability, security, and solutions. The chapters in these sub-sections provide unique knowledge on groundwater studies for scientists, planners, and policymakers, and are written by leading global experts and researchers. Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Sustainability, Security, and Solutions provides a unique, unparalleled opportunity to integrate the knowledge on groundwater, ranging from availability to pollution, nation-level groundwater management to transboundary aquifer governance, and global-scale review to local-scale case-studies.

  • Provides interdisciplinary content that bridges the knowledge from groundwater sources to solutions and sustainability, from science to policy, from technology to clean water and food
  • Includes global and regional reviews and case studies, building a bridge between broad reviews of groundwater-related issues by domain experts as well as detailed case studies by researchers
  • Identifies pathways for transforming knowledge to policy and governance of groundwater security and sustainability

Recenzijos

"Groundwater is abstracted globally to meet our agricultural, domestic and industrial needs. The distribution of groundwater is highly heterogeneous and varies substantially between different geographical regions (Famiglietti, 2014). Similarly, groundwater management strategies also vary between different regions (Ahmad et al., 2020; Mushtaq et al., 2018; Quino Lima et al., 2020). In the Netherlands, for example, groundwater level and quality is effectively monitored throughout the country with a well-established monitoring network (Stuyfzand et al., 008). on on the groundwater issues from 14 different countries." --Elsevier, Groundwater for Sustainable Development

"This book should prove to be a valuable resource for groundwater professionals, since it provides reviews of current technologies, and introduces the socioeconomic issues that should be considered in conjunction with the technical issues when developing groundwater management plans or addressing unforeseen crises. For policy makers, who, for the most part, are familiar with the socioeconomic issues, the book highlights the technical practices and solutions that promote the sustainable management of groundwater resources, such as monitoring the levels and quality of groundwater; the ways to manage both supply and demand; and the options for integrated management of multiple water sources, such as groundwater and surface water. Finally, for the general public, the book highlights the importance of groundwater and its value in our everyday lives, and provides an understanding of the technical and cultural difficulties that must be addressed to preserve the benefits of this most valuable resource for present and future generations." --GRIPP

List of Contributors
xix
About the Editors xxiii
Forewords xxv
Claudia Sadoff
John W. Hess
Franklin W. Schwartz
Jozsef Toth
Antonio Chambel
Preface xxxi
Acknowledgment xxxiii
Disclaimer xxxv
Introduction: Why Study Global Groundwater? xxxvii
Tom Gleeson
Mark Cuthbert
Grant Ferguson
Debra Perrone
Theme 1 Global groundwater
1 Global groundwater: from scarcity to security through sustainability and solutions
3(20)
Abhijit Mukherjee
Bridget R. Scanlon
Alice Aureli
Simon Langan
Huaming Guo
Andrew McKenzie
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Groundwater source and availability
4(2)
1.3 Groundwater scarcity
6(5)
1.3.1 Quantity
6(3)
1.3.2 Groundwater quality
9(2)
1.4 Groundwater sustainability and security
11(3)
1.4.1 Groundwater---food---energy nexus
12(1)
1.4.2 Urbanization
12(1)
1.4.3 Groundwater trade and hydro-economics
13(1)
1.5 Solutions
14(1)
1.5.1 Enhancing irrigation and urban groundwater efficiency
15(1)
1.5.2 Groundwater rejuvenation
15(1)
1.5.3 Desalination
15(1)
1.6 Conclusion
15(1)
References
16(7)
Theme 2 Groundwater sources
2 Groundwater of carbonate aquifers
23(12)
Alan E. Fryar
2.1 Introduction
23(1)
2.2 Carbonate geochemistry and hydrochemical evolution
23(2)
2.3 Porosity and permeability
25(1)
2.4 Recharge and flow
26(4)
2.5 Water supply and environmental issues
30(1)
2.6 Challenges in monitoring and modeling
31(1)
2.7 Conclusion
32(1)
References
32(3)
3 Groundwater resources in Australia---their occurrence, management, and future challenges
35(12)
Steve Barnett
Craig T. Simmons
Rebecca Nelson
3.1 Introduction
35(1)
3.2 Groundwater resources in Australia
35(1)
3.3 Historical development of groundwater
36(2)
3.4 Evolution of groundwater management
38(1)
3.5 Current groundwater usage
38(2)
3.6 Groundwater management issues
40(3)
3.6.1 Overuse and overallocation of groundwater
40(1)
3.6.2 Groundwater-dependent ecosystems
40(1)
3.6.3 Impacts of groundwater extraction on surface-water systems
40(1)
3.6.4 Effect of climate change on groundwater resources
41(1)
3.6.5 Impacts of mining on groundwater resources
41(1)
3.6.6 Land and groundwater salinization
42(1)
3.6.7 Seawater intrusion
43(1)
3.7 Future challenges
43(2)
3.7.1 Managed aquifer recharge
44(1)
3.7.2 Declining resources for understanding and managing groundwater
45(1)
3.8 Conclusion
45(1)
References
45(1)
Further reading
46(1)
4 Groundwater storage dynamics in the Himalayan river basins and impacts of global change in the Anthropocene
47(18)
M. Shamsudduha
4.1 Introduction
47(2)
4.2 Hydrology and climate of Himalayan river basins
49(4)
4.2.1 The Indus river basin
49(1)
4.2.2 The Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna river basin
50(2)
4.2.3 The Irrawaddy river basin
52(1)
4.3 Groundwater for drinking and agricultural use
53(1)
4.4 Groundwater storage dynamics in Himalayan river basins
53(6)
4.4.1 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment: Earth observation satellite monitoring
53(2)
4.4.2 Dynamics in Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment terrestrial water storage
55(1)
4.4.3 Mapping groundwater storage using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
56(1)
4.4.4 Reported changes of groundwater storage and impacts of global change
57(2)
4.5 Concluding discussion
59(2)
Acknowledgments
61(1)
References
61(4)
5 Groundwater variations in the North China Plain: monitoring and modeling under climate change and human activities toward better groundwater sustainability
65(8)
Wenting Yang
Long Di
Zhangli Sun
5.1 Introduction
65(1)
5.2 Impacts of human activities on groundwater in the North China Plain
65(1)
5.3 Climate change impact on groundwater in the North China Plain
66(1)
5.4 China's South-to-North Water Diversion
66(2)
5.5 Review on groundwater storage assessment in the North China Plain
68(2)
Acknowledgment
70(1)
References
70(3)
6 Emerging groundwater and surface water trends in Alberta, Canada
73(8)
Soumendra Nath Bhanja
Junye Wang
6.1 Introduction
73(1)
6.2 Data and methods
74(2)
6.2.1 Study region
74(1)
6.2.2 Groundwater level observation
75(1)
6.2.3 Observations of surface water
75(1)
6.2.4 Rainfall and snowmelt water
75(1)
6.3 Results and discussions
76(2)
6.3.1 Rainfall and snowmelt water
76(1)
6.3.2 Surface water level changes
77(1)
6.3.3 Groundwater level changes
78(1)
6.4 Summary
78(1)
Acknowledgments
78(1)
References
78(3)
7 Groundwater irrigation and implication in the Nile river basin
81(16)
Anjuli Jain Figueroa
Mikhail Smilovic
7.1 Introduction
81(1)
7.2 Surface water in the Nile basin
81(3)
7.3 Land use and irrigation in the Nile basin
84(2)
7.4 Groundwater in the Nile basin
86(2)
7.5 Aquifers in Nile riparian countries
88(3)
7.5.1 Groundwater in Egypt
88(2)
7.5.2 Groundwater in Sudan and South Sudan
90(1)
7.5.3 Groundwater in Ethiopia
90(1)
7.5.4 Groundwater in the Extended Lake Victoria basin
91(1)
7.6 Discussion and conclusion
91(2)
References
93(4)
8 Groundwater availability and security in the Kingston Basin, Jamaica
97(16)
Arpita Mandal
Debbie-Ann D.S. Gordon-Smith
Peta-Gay Harris
8.1 Introduction
97(2)
8.2 The Kingston Hydrologic Basin
99(4)
8.2.1 Population and water supply
99(3)
8.2.2 Hydrogeology of the KHB
102(1)
8.2.3 Climate of the KHB
103(1)
8.3 Methodology and analytical procedures
103(7)
8.3.1 Field work
103(3)
8.3.2 Water quality analysis
106(4)
8.4 Results and discussion
110(1)
8.5 Conclusion
111(1)
Acknowledgments
112(1)
References
112(1)
9 Transboundary aquifers: a shared subsurface asset, in urgent need of sound governance
113(16)
Shaminder Puri
9.1 Introduction
113(1)
9.2 Definition of transboundary aquifer: international and intranational
113(1)
9.3 Governance---collaboration, potential dispute resolution
114(1)
9.4 Water availability as a driver for governance
114(1)
9.5 Current global inventory and classification of transboundary aquifers
114(2)
9.6 Review of recent developments---the Red Queen effect
116(1)
9.7 The place of transboundary aquifers in national priorities
117(2)
9.8 SDGs as a driver toward sound governance of transboundary aquifers
119(1)
9.9 The climate change megatrend and relevance to transboundary aquifers
120(1)
9.10 Transboundary aquifers under high developmental stress
120(2)
9.11 Estimating the urgency of sound governance as a function of water abundance/water scarcity
122(2)
9.12 Case history: the Stampriet aquifer-Botswana, Namibia, and South Africa
124(2)
9.13 Hurdles to progress in intercountry dialogue---the "invisibility cape"?
126(1)
9.14 The hiatus in the progress to adoption of the Draft Articles
126(1)
9.15 Conclusion: light at the end of the tunnel
127(1)
Conflict of interest
127(1)
Acknowledgment
127(1)
References
127(2)
10 Transboundary groundwater of the Ganges---Brahmaputra---Meghna River delta system
129(16)
Madhumita Chakraborty
Abhijit Mukherjee
Kazi Matin Ahmed
10.1 Introduction
129(1)
10.2 Geologic and geomorphologic setting
130(1)
10.3 Aquifer framework
131(1)
10.4 Groundwater flow system
131(2)
10.5 Hydrogeochemistry
133(1)
10.6 Groundwater arsenic contamination
134(1)
10.7 Policy interventions and management options for arsenic mitigation
135(3)
References
138(3)
Further reading
141(4)
Theme 3 Groundwater scarcity: quantity and quality
11 Groundwater drought: environmental controls and monitoring
145(18)
Bailing Li
Matthew Rodell
11.1 Introduction
145(1)
11.2 Environmental controls on groundwater
146(5)
11.2.1 Precipitation
146(2)
11.2.2 Subsurface hydrogeological conditions
148(1)
11.2.3 Large-scale climate phenomena
148(3)
11.3 Groundwater drought monitoring
151(2)
11.3.1 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data assimilation for groundwater drought monitoring
151(2)
11.3.2 Other groundwater drought indicators
153(1)
11.4 Characteristics of groundwater drought at the global domain
153(3)
11.5 Discussions and future research
156(2)
References
158(5)
12 Groundwater scarcity in the Middle East
163(14)
Ahmed A. Al-Taani
Yousef Nazzal
Fares M. Howari
12.1 Introduction
163(1)
12.2 Water resources: current use and future trends
163(1)
12.3 Impacts of water scarcity
164(1)
12.3.1 Water resources and climate change
164(1)
12.3.2 Water quality
164(1)
12.4 Water resources management
165(1)
12.4.1 Mitigation to water scarcity
165(1)
12.5 Case studies
166(7)
12.5.1 Jordan River
166(2)
12.5.2 Tigris-Euphrates River
168(2)
12.5.3 Nile River
170(3)
References
173(4)
13 Groundwater scarcity and management in the arid areas in East Africa
177(10)
Seifu Kebede
Meron Teferi Taye
13.1 Introduction
177(2)
13.2 Typical characteristics of the dryland areas
179(1)
13.3 Typologies of hydrogeology difficulties in arid areas in the East Africa
179(2)
13.3.1 Arid volcanic mountains (old rugged volcanics)
180(1)
13.3.2 Rift volcanics and pyroclastics
180(1)
13.3.3 Nazareth series ignimbrites
180(1)
13.3.4 Extensive limestone and sandstone plateaus, rocky hills, and plains in arid environments
180(1)
13.3.5 Extensive loose inland alluvio-lacustrine, inland deltaic, and coastal plain aquifers
181(1)
13.4 Current and past drinking water delivery practices
181(1)
13.5 Securing water in difficult hydrogeological environments
182(2)
13.5.1 Identifying and protecting viable aquifers
182(1)
13.5.2 Adaptation of customary water schemes
183(1)
13.5.3 Enhancing water availability by water harvesting
183(1)
13.5.4 Water quality management
183(1)
13.5.5 Long distance and interbasin water transfer
184(1)
13.5.6 Investing in sustainability of existing systems
184(1)
13.6 Policy and practice implication
184(1)
Acknowledgment
185(1)
References
185(1)
Further reading
186(1)
14 Global geogenic groundwater pollution
187(28)
Poulomee Coomar
Abhijit Mukherjee
14.1 Introduction
187(1)
14.2 Global distribution of geogenic groundwater pollutants
187(11)
14.2.1 Arsenic
187(3)
14.2.2 Fluoride
190(2)
14.2.3 Selenium
192(2)
14.2.4 Uranium
194(2)
14.2.5 Salinity
196(2)
14.3 Conclusion
198(1)
References
198(17)
15 Out of sight, but not out of mind: Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater
215(14)
Ruth Marfil-Vega
Brian C. Crone
Marc A. Mills
Susan T. Glassmeyer
15.1 Introduction
215(1)
15.2 Analytical methods for monitoring per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances
216(2)
15.3 Sources of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances to the environment
218(2)
15.3.1 Aqueous film-forming foam
218(1)
15.3.2 Landfill leachate
219(1)
15.3.3 Industrial sources
219(1)
15.3.4 Other sources
220(1)
15.4 Occurrence studies
220(1)
15.5 Removal of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances from groundwater
221(3)
15.5.1 Granular activated carbon
222(1)
15.5.2 Ion-exchange resins
222(1)
15.5.3 Nanofiltration and reverse osmosis
223(1)
15.6 Conclusion
224(1)
References
224(5)
16 Geogenic-contaminated groundwater in China
229(14)
Yongfeng Jia
16.1 Introduction
229(1)
16.2 The distribution and formation of geogenic-contaminated groundwater
230(5)
16.2.1 High-salinity groundwater
230(1)
16.2.2 High-Fe and-Mn groundwater
230(1)
16.2.3 High-As groundwater
231(1)
16.2.4 High-fluoride groundwater
231(3)
16.2.5 High-/low-iodine groundwater
234(1)
16.2.6 High-nitrogen groundwater
234(1)
16.2.7 Other trace elements
234(1)
16.3 Cooccurrence of different geogenic-contaminated groundwater components
235(1)
16.3.1 High salinity and fluoride
235(1)
16.3.2 Arsenic and fluoride
235(1)
16.3.3 Iron, manganese, and ammonia
235(1)
16.4 Geogenic-contaminated groundwater affected by anthropogenic activities
235(2)
16.4.1 Further salinization of groundwater
235(2)
16.4.2 Elevated groundwater hardness
237(1)
16.4.3 Cross contamination of aquifers
237(1)
16.4.4 Trace element release/sequester due to redox change
237(1)
16.5 Conclusion
237(1)
References
238(5)
17 Screening of emerging organic pollutants in the typical hygrogeological units of China
243(8)
Xiaopeng Qin
Tian Zhou
Shengzhang Zou
Fei Liu
17.1 Introduction
243(1)
17.2 Materials and methods
243(2)
17.2.1 Study area and sample collection
243(1)
17.2.2 Chemicals
244(1)
17.2.3 Analytical method
245(1)
17.2.4 Risk characterization
245(1)
17.3 Results and discussion
245(3)
17.3.1 Presence of antibiotics in groundwater
245(1)
17.3.2 Statistical analysis
246(1)
17.3.3 Environmental risk assessment
247(1)
17.3.4 Screening of antibiotics in groundwater
247(1)
17.4 Conclusion and further research
248(1)
Acknowledgments
248(1)
References
249(2)
18 Groundwater pollution of Pearl River Delta
251(10)
Guanxing Huang
Lingxia Liu
Chunyan Liu
Wenzhong Wang
Dongya Han
18.1 Introduction
251(1)
18.2 Study area
251(2)
18.2.1 Hydrogeological and geological conditions
251(1)
18.2.2 Characteristics of urbanization and industrialization in the Pearl River Delta
252(1)
18.3 Materials and methods
253(1)
18.4 Results and discussion
253(6)
18.4.1 Groundwater chemistry
253(2)
18.4.2 Groundwater quality and main impact chemicals
255(1)
18.4.3 Groundwater contamination
255(4)
18.5 Conclusion
259(1)
Acknowledgments
259(1)
References
259(2)
19 Hydrochemical characteristics and quality assessment of water from different sources in Northern Morocco
261(14)
Lahcen Benaabidate
Ahmed Zian
Othman Sadki
19.1 Introduction
261(1)
19.2 Material and methods
262(1)
19.3 Hydrochemistry
262(4)
19.3.1 Source water chemical facies
262(3)
19.3.2 Quality of source waters for irrigation
265(1)
19.4 Control of chemical element concentrations
266(4)
19.4.1 Binary ion correlations
266(2)
19.4.2 CI-SO4-HCO3 diagram
268(1)
19.4.3 Index of base exchange
268(1)
19.4.4 Water standards and potability
269(1)
19.4.5 Sodium and potassium
269(1)
19.4.6 Calcium and magnesium
269(1)
19.4.7 Chlorides
269(1)
19.4.8 Sulfates and bicarbonates
269(1)
19.5 Principal component analysis
270(2)
19.5.1 Variable space
270(1)
19.5.2 Individual space
270(2)
19.6 Water minerals equilibrium
272(1)
19.6.1 Carbonates equilibrium
272(1)
19.6.2 Silica equilibrium
272(1)
19.6.3 N2--Ar--CH4 gases diagram
273(1)
19.7 Conclusion
273(1)
References
274(1)
20 Arsenic in groundwater in the United States: research highlights since 2000, current concerns and next steps
275(26)
Madeline E. Schreiber
20.1 Introduction
275(1)
20.2 Research on arsenic in groundwater: 2000--20
276(3)
20.2.1 Sources of Arsenic in groundwater
276(1)
20.2.2 Key biogeochemical processes that influence As cycling
276(1)
20.2.3 Tools for studying arsenic
277(2)
20.2.4 Mechanisms of arsenic release to groundwater
279(1)
20.3 Hydrogeochemical settings for arsenic in groundwater in the United States
279(4)
20.3.1 Sand and gravel aquifers
279(3)
20.3.2 Basaltic rock aquifers
282(1)
20.3.3 Glacial aquifers
282(1)
20.3.4 Sedimentary rock aquifers
282(1)
20.3.5 Crystalline and meta-sedimentary rock aquifers
282(1)
20.3.6 Coastal plain (semiconsolidated) aquifers
282(1)
20.3.7 Geothermal areas (western United States)
282(1)
20.4 Research highlights from 2000 to 2020
283(4)
20.4.1 Nationwide datasets show statistical and spatial patterns of groundwater As
283(1)
20.4.2 Statistical models yield can predict drivers of arsenic release to groundwater
284(1)
20.4.3 Statistical models can produce probability maps of arsenic risk
284(1)
20.4.4 Arsenic concentrations may (but do not always) change over time
284(1)
20.4.5 Human activities can promote arsenic release to groundwater
285(1)
20.4.6 Research leads to improved technology for arsenic detection and treatment
286(1)
20.5 Current concerns about arsenic in groundwater in the United States
287(1)
20.5.1 Most, but not all, public water supplies are meeting the drinking water standard
287(1)
20.5.2 Homeowners are responsible for testing of private well water
287(1)
20.6 Next steps
288(2)
20.6.1 Required testing would improve identification of wells with elevated As
288(1)
20.6.2 More support is needed for homeowners, especially in areas of high risk
288(1)
20.6.3 More data are needed for prediction of spatial and temporal patterns
289(1)
20.6.4 Education and effective communication can improve awareness and action
289(1)
References
290(11)
21 Hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater quality in the states of Texas and Florida, United States
301(8)
Shama E. Haque
21.1 Groundwater quality in Texas
301(3)
21.1.1 Edwards---Trinity plateau aquifer
301(1)
21.1.2 Ogallala aquifer
302(1)
21.1.3 Seymour aquifer
302(1)
21.1.4 Pecos Valley Aquifer
303(1)
21.1.5 Carrizo aquifer
303(1)
21.1.6 Barnett Shale aquifer
303(1)
21.2 Aquifers in Florida
304(2)
21.2.1 Floridan aquifer system
304(1)
21.2.2 Sand-and-gravel aquifer
305(1)
21.2.3 Biscayne aquifer
305(1)
Acknowledgments
306(1)
References
306(3)
22 Groundwater pollution in Pakistan
309(14)
Noshin Masood
Shehla Batool
Abida Farooqi
22.1 Introduction
309(1)
22.2 Groundwater quality
310(2)
22.2.1 Biological contamination of groundwater
310(2)
22.3 Chemical contamination
312(1)
22.3.1 Organic pollution of groundwater
312(1)
22.4 Inorganic pollution of groundwater
313(7)
22.4.1 Trace and heavy metals
313(6)
22.4.2 Major anions
319(1)
References
320(3)
23 Groundwater of Afghanistan (potential capacity, scarcity, security issues, and solutions)
323(8)
Abdul Qayeum Karim
Sayed Hashmat Sadat
23.1 Introduction
323(1)
23.2 Topography and hydrogeology of Afghanistan
323(1)
23.3 Scarcity of groundwater quality and quantity
324(2)
23.3.1 Quality challenges of groundwater in Afghanistan
324(1)
23.3.2 Quantity challenges of groundwater in Afghanistan
325(1)
23.4 Afghanistan groundwater sustainability
326(1)
23.5 Afghanistan groundwater security
327(1)
23.6 Solutions
327(1)
References
328(3)
Theme 4 Groundwater sustainability and security
24 Groundwater resources sustainability
331(16)
Jac van der Gun
24.1 Sustainability and sustainable development
331(1)
24.2 Sustainability of groundwater services
332(3)
24.2.1 Groundwater services
332(2)
24.2.2 Potential threats to groundwater services
334(1)
24.3 Approaches to pursuing, restoring, or enhancing groundwater resources sustainability
335(3)
24.3.1 The umbrella: groundwater governance and management
335(1)
24.3.2 Hydrogeological approaches to defining sustainability limits of abstraction
335(1)
24.3.3 Enhancing groundwater recharge
336(1)
24.3.4 Water demand management
337(1)
24.3.5 Groundwater quality management
337(1)
24.3.6 Adaptation to climate change and sea-level rise
337(1)
24.3.7 Environmental management
338(1)
24.4 Geographic variation of groundwater resources sustainability
338(5)
24.4.1 General comments
338(1)
24.4.2 Groundwater resources sustainability endangered or disrupted by progressive storage depletion
339(2)
24.4.3 Groundwater resources sustainability endangered or disrupted by water quality degradation
341(1)
24.4.4 Groundwater resources sustainability constrained by environmental considerations
341(2)
24.5 Conclusion
343(1)
References
344(3)
25 Sustainability of groundwater used in agricultural production and trade worldwide
347(12)
Carole Dalin
25.1 Introduction
347(8)
25.1.1 Water use for global food production and virtual water flows via international food trade
348(2)
25.1.2 Sustainability of groundwater use overall and in particular for global food production
350(2)
25.1.3 Quantification of groundwater depletion for food trade
352(3)
25.2 Conclusion
355(1)
Financial support
356(1)
References
356(3)
26 Groundwater and society: enmeshed issues, interdisciplinary approaches
359(12)
Flore Lafaye de Micheaux
Mukherjee Jenia
26.1 Introduction
359(1)
26.2 Socio-hydrology and socio-geohydrology: modeling of the groundwater---society interactions improved with stakeholders' perspectives
360(1)
26.2.1 Introduction to socio-hydrology
360(1)
26.2.2 Socio-hydrology and groundwater
360(1)
26.2.3 Incorporating stakeholders' perspectives: a "public" turn for socio-hydrology
361(1)
26.3 Political ecology and the hydrosocial cycle: paying attention to power relations and discourses embedded in water circulation
361(1)
26.3.1 Political ecology of water
361(1)
26.3.2 The hydrosocial cycle: a critical rethinking of "water"
362(1)
26.4 Mobilizing hydrosocial analyses to capture ground (water) realities
362(2)
26.4.1 Dispossession of irrigating farmers through institutions and infrastructures
363(1)
26.4.2 State and "scientific" versus local knowledge of water
363(1)
26.4.3 Groundwater and politics of scale
363(1)
26.4.4 Trajectories from "safe and good" groundwater to "bad" citizens
364(1)
26.5 Discussion: what interdisciplinarity for enmeshed issues?
364(3)
26.6 Conclusion
367(1)
References
367(4)
27 Groundwater sustainability in cold and arid regions
371(12)
Rui Ma
Yanxin Wang
27.1 Importance of groundwater in hydrological systems
371(2)
27.1.1 Cold regions
371(2)
27.1.2 Arid and semi-arid regions
373(1)
27.2 The characteristics of the hydrological cycle
373(3)
27.2.1 The effect of permafrost distribution, snow and /or ice on groundwater systems in cold regions
373(2)
27.2.2 Hydrological processes and its effect on groundwater quality in arid and semi-arid regions
375(1)
27.3 Groundwater modeling and challenges
376(1)
27.3.1 Model development in the cold regions
376(1)
27.3.2 Model application and challenges in the arid and semi-arid regions
377(1)
27.4 The effect of climate change
377(2)
27.4.1 Cold regions
378(1)
27.4.2 Arid and semi-arid regions
378(1)
27.5 Integrated water management for groundwater sustainability
379(1)
Acknowledgements
379(1)
References
379(4)
28 Groundwater in Australia-understanding the challenges of its sustainable use
383(10)
Basant Maheshwari
28.1 Introduction
383(1)
28.2 Aquifers in Australia
383(1)
28.3 The Great Artesian Basin
384(1)
28.4 The Murray---Darling Basin
385(1)
28.5 The Perth Basin
385(1)
28.6 The Canning Basin
386(1)
28.7 The Daly Basin
386(1)
28.8 The Otway Basin
386(1)
28.9 Groundwater uses
387(1)
28.10 Groundwater entitlements and extractions
387(1)
28.11 Groundwater salinity
388(1)
28.12 Australian ecosystems and groundwater
389(2)
28.13 Concluding remarks
391(1)
References
392(1)
Further reading
392(1)
29 Groundwater recharge and sustainability in Brazil
393(16)
Paulo Tarso S. Oliveira
Murilo Cesar Lucas
Raquel de Faria Godoi
Edson Wendland
29.1 Insights from groundwater availability in Brazil
393(3)
29.2 Overview of global groundwater recharge dynamics
396(1)
29.3 Studies on recharge in Brazil
397(5)
29.3.1 Recharge methods used in Brazilian studies
400(2)
29.4 Challenges and future directions toward a groundwater sustainability in Brazil
402(1)
Acknowledgments
403(1)
References
404(5)
30 Groundwater management in Brazil: current status and challenges for sustainable utilization
409(16)
Prafulla Kumar Sahoo
Paulo Rogenes Monteiro Pontes
Gabriel Negreiros Salomao
Mike A. Powell
Sunil Mittal
Pedro Walfir Martins e Souza Filho
Jose Tasso Felix Guimaraes
30.1 Introduction
409(1)
30.2 Groundwater resources of Brazil
410(4)
30.2.1 Physical and climatic characteristics
410(1)
30.2.2 Hydrogeological features of aquifers
411(3)
30.3 Groundwater resource management in Brazil
414(3)
30.3.1 Background of water resource management
414(1)
30.3.2 National laws/legislation
415(1)
30.3.3 Integrated management of surface water and groundwater
415(1)
30.3.4 Management of transboundary groundwater
415(1)
30.3.5 Management of mineral water resources
416(1)
30.3.6 Groundwater monitoring and assessment
416(1)
30.4 Alternatives for groundwater management and water sourcing
417(1)
30.4.1 Adopting rainwater harvesting
417(1)
30.4.2 Artificial groundwater recharge and reuse of wastewater
418(1)
30.4.3 Desalination
418(1)
30.5 The hydroschizophrenia of groundwater management
418(1)
30.6 Final considerations and current challenges
419(1)
References
420(5)
31 Challenges of sustainable groundwater development and management in Bangladesh: vision 2050
425(14)
K.M. Ahmed
31.1 Introduction
425(1)
31.2 Groundwater occurrences in Bangladesh
425(1)
31.3 Groundwater quality and concerns
426(2)
31.3.1 Occurrences and distribution of arsenic
428(1)
31.3.2 Occurrences and distribution of salinity
428(1)
31.4 Groundwater uses and impacts of abstractions
428(4)
31.4.1 Domestic uses in rural and urban areas
430(1)
31.4.2 Irrigation uses
431(1)
31.4.3 Industrial uses
431(1)
31.5 Major challenges
432(1)
31.5.1 Meeting increased demands in 2050
432(1)
31.5.2 Impacts of climate change
432(1)
31.5.3 Arsenic and other contamination issues
433(1)
31.5.4 Transboundary issues
433(1)
31.6 Sustainable groundwater management: vision 2050
433(2)
31.6.1 Surface water harnessing
433(1)
31.6.2 Better irrigation water management
434(1)
31.6.3 Groundwater monitoring, abstraction controls, and licensing
434(1)
31.6.4 Pollution abatement and control
434(1)
31.6.5 Applications of managed aquifer recharge
434(1)
31.6.6 Wastewater reuse
435(1)
31.6.7 Awareness building
435(1)
31.6.8 Judicial use of deep groundwater
435(1)
31.6.9 Groundwater governance
435(1)
31.6.10 Research and development activities
435(1)
31.7 Groundwater: resource out of sight but not to be out of mind
435(1)
Acknowledgments
436(1)
References
436(3)
32 Integrating groundwater for water security in Cape Town, South Africa
439(12)
G. Thomas LaVanchy
James K. Adamson
Michael W. Kerwin
32.1 Introduction
439(1)
32.2 Situating Cape Town
440(2)
32.2.1 The Day Zero drought
441(1)
32.2.2 Water provision and security
442(1)
32.3 Groundwater opportunities
442(3)
32.3.1 Table Mountain Group aquifers
443(1)
32.3.2 Sandveld Group aquifers
444(1)
32.4 Groundwater management challenges
445(2)
32.4.1 Physical dimensions
445(1)
32.4.2 Human dimensions
446(1)
32.5 Conclusion
447(1)
References
448(3)
33 Drivers for progress in groundwater management in Lao People's Democratic Republic
451(18)
Cecile A. Coulon
Paul Pavelic
Evan Christen
33.1 Introduction
451(1)
33.2 Groundwater resources in Lao People's Democratic Republic
452(2)
33.2.1 Groundwater systems
452(1)
33.2.2 Groundwater use
453(1)
33.3 Major groundwater challenges
454(1)
33.3.1 Quantity and quality-related issues
454(1)
33.3.2 State of groundwater knowledge and information systems
454(1)
33.3.3 Other barriers to groundwater management
455(1)
33.4 Recent efforts to strengthen groundwater governance
455(8)
33.4.1 Overview of policy, institutional, and legal changes
455(2)
33.4.2 Enhancing groundwater knowledge and data management
457(3)
33.4.3 Mechanisms of stakeholder coordination and involvement
460(1)
33.4.4 Development of human resources and groundwater-management capacity
461(2)
33.5 Outlook: pathways forward for Lao People's Democratic Republic
463(2)
33.5.1 Effective policy making and implementation
463(1)
33.5.2 Strengthening institutional and human resource capacity
464(1)
33.5.3 Continuing efforts in applied research
464(1)
33.5.4 Participation of stakeholders
465(1)
Acknowledgments
465(1)
Acronyms
465(1)
References
466(3)
34 Groundwater sustainability and security in South Asia
469(8)
Soumendra Nath Bhanja
Abhijit Mukherjee
34.1 Introduction
469(1)
34.2 Data
469(1)
34.2.1 Study region
469(1)
34.2.2 WaterGAP3 model
470(1)
34.3 Results and discussions
470(2)
34.3.1 Evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge
470(1)
34.3.2 Contamination issues
471(1)
34.3.3 Population
472(1)
34.4 Summary and way forward
472(3)
Acknowledgments
475(1)
References
475(2)
35 Role of measuring the aquifers for sustainably managing groundwater resource in India
477(10)
Dipankar Saha
Sanjay Marwaha
S.N. Dwivedi
35.1 Introduction
477(1)
35.2 Regional aquifer framework
477(1)
35.3 Spatiotemporal behavior of hydraulic heads and replenishable resources
478(1)
35.4 How much groundwater we are extracting
479(1)
35.5 Expanding groundwater contamination
480(2)
35.6 Measuring and understanding the aquifers
482(1)
35.7 The sustainable management plan---an example
483(2)
35.8 Way forward
485(1)
References
485(1)
Further reading
486(1)
36 Balancing livelihoods and environment: political economy of groundwater irrigation in India
487(16)
Tushaar Shah
Abhishek Rajan
Gyan P. Rai
36.1 Evolution of Indian irrigation
487(1)
36.2 Changing organization of the irrigation economy
488(1)
36.3 Energy-irrigation nexus
489(1)
36.4 Socioeconomic significance of the groundwater boom
490(1)
36.5 The sustainability challenge
491(2)
36.6 Sustainable groundwater governance
493(3)
36.6.1 Direct regulation through legal framework and administrative action
493(1)
36.6.2 Community-based groundwater management
494(1)
36.6.3 Indirect instruments---energy pricing and rationing
495(1)
36.6.4 The advent of solar irrigation
495(1)
36.7 Conclusion: from resource development to management mode
496(1)
References
497(6)
Theme 5 Future of groundwater and solutions
37 The future of groundwater science and research
503(16)
David K. Kreamer
David M. Ball
Viviana Re
Craig T. Simmons
Thomas Bothwell
Hanneke J.M. Verweij
Abhijit Mukherjee
Magali F. Moreau
37.1 Introduction
503(1)
37.2 How are fundamental groundwater perspectives changing?---"Darcy is dead"
504(1)
37.3 Fossil fuel energy, geothermal energy, and mineral resources---the groundwater connection and the future
505(1)
37.4 Groundwater can be a deep subject
506(1)
37.5 The subterranean biological world and groundwater-dependent ecosystems
507(1)
37.6 Coast to coast
508(1)
37.7 Under the ocean
508(1)
37.8 Extraterrestrial hydrology---the sky's not the limit
508(1)
37.9 Groundwater quality and emerging contaminants
509(1)
37.10 The new tools
510(1)
37.11 Laws, regulation, guidance, and governance of groundwater
511(1)
37.12 Socio-hydrogeology in the future of groundwater science
511(1)
37.13 Education and outreach
512(1)
37.14 The unexpected challenges
512(1)
Acknowledgments
513(1)
References
513(4)
Further reading
517(2)
38 Technologies to enhance sustainable groundwater use
519(12)
Roger Sathre
38.1 Technology levers to enhance groundwater security
519(1)
38.2 Groundwater mapping and management
519(1)
38.3 Managing aquifer recharge
520(1)
38.4 Managing saline groundwater intrusion
521(1)
38.5 Improving groundwater-use efficiency
522(2)
38.5.1 Improving irrigation and agricultural efficiency
522(1)
38.5.2 Improving household water distribution and use efficiency
523(1)
38.5.3 Improving industrial water-use efficiency
523(1)
38.6 Purifying contaminated groundwater
524(3)
38.6.1 Removing salt from brackish groundwater
524(2)
38.6.2 Removing arsenic from groundwater
526(1)
38.6.3 Removing fluoride from groundwater
526(1)
38.6.4 Killing biological pathogens in groundwater
527(1)
38.7 Improving groundwater access
527(1)
38.7.1 Well digging and drilling
527(1)
38.7.2 Groundwater pumping
528(1)
38.8 Conclusion
528(1)
References
528(3)
39 Applications of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) in global groundwater study
531(14)
Jianli Chen
Matt Rodell
39.1 Introduction
531(1)
39.2 GRACE and GFO missions and data products
532(1)
39.3 Quantification of groundwater change using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
533(1)
39.4 Gravity recovery and climate experiment applications in groundwater storage change
534(3)
39.5 Major error sources of Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment---estimated groundwater change
537(2)
39.6 Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment data assimilation
539(1)
39.7 Summary
539(1)
References
540(5)
40 Use of machine learning and deep learning methods in groundwater
545(14)
Pragnaditya Malakar
Soumyajit Sarkar
Abhijit Mukherjee
Soumendra Bhanja
Alexander Y. Sun
40.1 Introduction
545(1)
40.1.1 Importance of advanced data-driven methods in groundwater resources
545(1)
40.2 Global literature review
546(4)
40.2.1 Groundwater quantity
546(1)
40.2.2 Groundwater quality
546(4)
40.3 Application of some of the widely used artificial intelligence methods in India
550(4)
40.3.1 Methods description
551(1)
40.3.2 Case studies from India
551(3)
References
554(5)
41 Desalination of brackish groundwater to improve water quality and water supply
559(18)
Yvana D. Ahdab
John H. Lienhard
41.1 Introduction
559(1)
41.1.1 Brackish groundwater composition
559(1)
41.1.2 Desalination
560(1)
41.2 Desalination process
560(9)
41.2.1 Membrane fouling and pretreatment
561(1)
41.2.2 Reverse osmosis
561(2)
41.2.3 Electrodialysis
563(1)
41.2.4 Energy consumption using conventional energy sources
564(1)
41.2.5 Economics of desalination
565(2)
41.2.6 Brine management
567(1)
41.2.7 Brine disposal
567(1)
41.2.8 Brine treatment
567(1)
41.2.9 Desalination using renewable energy sources
568(1)
41.2.10 Emerging desalination technologies
568(1)
41.2.11 Nanofiltration
569(1)
41.2.12 Semibatch reverse osmosis
569(1)
41.3 Global and national trends in desalination
569(4)
41.3.1 Global trends
569(3)
41.3.2 National trends
572(1)
Acknowledgments
573(1)
References
573(4)
42 Desalination of deep groundwater for freshwater supplies
577(8)
Veera Gnaneswar Gude
Anand Maganti
42.1 Introduction
577(1)
42.2 Groundwater desalination ---influencing factors
577(2)
42.2.1 Motivation for groundwater desalination
577(1)
42.2.2 Considerations for groundwater desalination
578(1)
42.2.3 Environmental impacts of groundwater desalination
579(1)
42.3 Desalination technology assessment
579(1)
42.4 Groundwater desalination in the United States
580(1)
42.5 Groundwater desalination in developing countries
581(1)
42.6 Decision-making for municipal desalination plants
581(1)
42.7 Conclusion
582(1)
References
582(3)
43 Quantifying future water environment using numerical simulations: a scenario-based approach for sustainable groundwater management plan in Medan, Indonesia
585(12)
Pankaj Kumar
Binaya Kumar Mishra
Ram Avtar
Shamik Chakraborty
43.1 Introduction
585(1)
43.2 Study area
586(1)
43.3 Methodology
586(6)
43.3.1 Different drivers
587(3)
43.3.2 Urban flood
590(1)
43.3.3 Water quality
591(1)
43.4 Results and discussion
592(3)
43.4.1 Precipitation change
592(1)
43.4.2 Land use change
593(1)
43.4.3 Urban flood
594(1)
43.4.4 Water quality
594(1)
43.5 Conclusion and recommendation
595(1)
References
595(2)
44 Managed aquifer recharge with various water sources for irrigation and domestic use: a perspective of the Israeli experience
597(12)
Daniel Kurtzman
Joseph Guttman
44.1 Introduction
597(1)
44.1.1 Why Israel has a significant managed aquifer recharge experience?
597(1)
44.1.2 The Israeli Coastal Aquifer
598(1)
44.2 Managed aquifer recharge of ephemeral stream floods in the coastal aquifer through infiltration basins, increasing freshwater supply (1959--present)
598(2)
44.3 Managed aquifer recharge of groundwater and especially lake water through wells for freshwater supply (1965-90 and reexamination 2012--20)
600(4)
44.3.1 Technical considerations concerning managed aquifer recharge through wells
601(1)
44.3.2 Some history and experience from the managed aquifer recharge through well period 1965--90
602(1)
44.3.3 New thoughts and experiments on managed aquifer recharge through wells due to availability of water of better quality today (2012--20)
602(2)
44.4 Managed aquifer recharge of secondary effluents in infiltration basins---the Shafdan water reclamation system for irrigation (1987--present)
604(1)
44.5 Managed aquifer recharge of surplus desalinated seawater through infiltration basins (2014--present)
605(1)
References
606(3)
45 MAR model: a blessing adaptation for hard-to-reach livelihood in thirsty Barind Tract, Bangladesh
609(18)
Chowdhury Sarwar Jahan
Md. Ferozur Rahaman
Quamrul Hasan Mazumder
Md. Iquebal Hossain
45.1 Introduction
609(3)
45.2 Challenges of groundwater resource management plan
612(1)
45.3 Groundwater resource potentiality
613(3)
45.4 Potential zones for groundwater recharge and selection of sites for artificial recharge of groundwater
616(1)
45.5 Implementation of managed aquifer recharge model
616(7)
45.5.1 Piloting of managed aquifer recharge model at household level---pioneer attempt during 2013-16
616(2)
45.5.2 Managed aquifer recharge model as integrated water resource management strategy in Barind Tract since 2015
618(3)
45.5.3 Impact assessment of managed aquifer recharge model as integrated water resource management strategy
621(2)
45.6 Conclusion
623(1)
Acknowledgments
624(1)
References
624(3)
Index 627
Prof. Abhijit Mukherjee received his PhD degree from the University of Kentucky, United States and is a postdoctoral fellow at the University of Texas at Austin, United States. He has served as the physical hydrogeologist at the Alberta Geological Survey in Canada and is currently a professor at the Department of Geology and Geophysics, and the School of Environmental Science and Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur, India. Prof. Mukherjees main research area is hydrogeology, including water pollution, scarcity, and governance. He is known globally for his studies on geological and human-sourced groundwater pollution and has done extensive work on delineating groundwater scarcity using field observations, advanced computation, and Artificial Intelligence techniques. He has received many distinctions, including the highest award in Indian science. He is a fellow of the Geological Society of America, the American Geophysical Union, and the Royal Society of Chemistry. He has editorial roles in the Journal of Hydrology, Applied Geochemistry, Journal of Earth System Sciences, Scientific Reports, ES&T Letters, ES&T Engineering, and Water Resources Research. He is the editor of several books, including Groundwater of South Asia and Global Groundwater: Source, Scarcity, Security, Sustainability and Solutions. Bridget Scanlon has a PhD from the University of Kentucky, and is presently Fisher Endowed Chair in Geological Sciences and a Senior Research Scientist at the Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, the University of Texas at Austin. As a world-leading authority on water research, her career has been characterized by a commitment to data as well as innovative approaches that cut across disciplines. During her ~40 years academic career, Bridget has published articles in numerous peer-reviewed journals, and has been involved with U.S. Department of Energy scientific endeavors, and has been a member of the NASA GRACE satellite Science team. In 2016, she was elected as a member of the National Academy of Engineering, one of the highest U.S. scientific professional honors and also the National Ground Water Associations M. King Hubbert Award. Bridget is widely considered as one of the foremost authorities on global groundwater resources and besides being an Associate Editor of several subject journals, she is the former Managing Editor of Journal of Hydrology. Alice Aureli has a PhD in Hydrogeology and has worked in the UNESCO Water Sciences Division since 1989. She is the Chief of the Groundwater Resources and Aquifer Systems Section of UNESCOs International Hydrological Programme. She is responsible for, amongst others, the International Shared Aquifers Resources Management (ISARM) programme. This role has led her to supervise the work of the interdisciplinary group that advised the UN International Law Commission to prepare the Draft Articles on the Law of Transboundary Aquifers. An important aspect of her work has been on scientific and policy-related issues surrounding groundwater governance. Alice is the author of a large number of publications and has also served as editor of various international journals. Simon Langan received his PhD from University of St. Andrews, UK, followed by a post-doctoral fellowship atImperial College, London, UK. He was the Director of IIASAs Water Program and the Water Futures and Solutions Initiative. Throughout his career, Simon has won grants and secured funding from regional and international donor projects, including from the private sector, the EU 7th Framework, Natural Environment Research Council, National Power, Scottish Environment Protection Agency, USAID, and Canadian Government. Simon has an extensive number of publications in peer-reviewed journals, as well as experience in policy-related analyses, including numerous peer-reviewed articles, technical reports, books/chapters and conference proceedings. Huaming Guo has a PhD from the China University of Geosciences: Wuhan, Hubei, China, followed by a Postodoctoral Fellowship at Tsinghua University: Beijing, Beijing, China. He has also been an Alexander van Humboldt Research Fellow at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany. He is currently a Professor at the School of Water Resources and Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China. He has been also a Senior Visiting Professor to Columbia University, USA. Huaming has over 20 years of teaching and research experience. He has been Associate Editor of several journals and presently servesas Editor-in-Chief of Journal of Hydrology. Andrew McKenzie has a B.A (Hons.) from Oxford University and M.Sc. from University College London in Hydrogeology. He worked as an exploration geologist and hydrogeologist in Africa, the Middle East and the UK before joining the BGS in 1988, working on groundwater issues, in Central America. As a hydrogeologist in BGSs Groundwater Directorate he has been responsible for managing the surveys databases on groundwater, focussing on field data collection, data processing and developing systems to disseminate data to stakeholders. This includes contributing to the NERC systems for monitoring groundwater status, investigating drought and floods, and, more recently, developing forecasts of groundwater resources at a national level. He has extensive international experience principally in Africa and South Asia, where he was Senior Hydrogeologist for the World Bank India Hydrology Project, and co-investigator on research projects in the Ganga and Cauvery basins. He is currently Platform Lead for the BGS ODA Project Sustainable Asian Cities which is building networks for urban geoscience across several Asian countries. Andrew has over 35 years of research experience. He is a Fellow of Geological Society of London.
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