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El. knyga: Grasping for the American Dream: Racial Segregation, Social Mobility, and Homeownership

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African American homebuyers continue to pay more for and get less from homeownership. This book explains the motivations for pursuing homeownership amongst working-class African Americans despite the structural conditions that make it less economically and socially rewarding for this group. Fervent adherence to the American Dream ideology amongst working-class African Americans makes them more vulnerable to exploitation in a structurally racist housing market. The book draws on qualitative interviews with sixty-eight African American aspiring homebuyers looking to buy a home in the Chicago metropolitan area to investigate the housing-search process and residential relocation decisions in the context of a racially segregated metropolitan region.

Working-class African Americans remained committed to homeownership, in part because of the moral status attached to achieving this goal. For African American homebuyers, success at the American Dream of homeownership is directly related to the long-standing dream of equality. For the aspiring homebuyers in this study, delayed homeownership was a practical problem for the same reasons, but they also experienced this as a personal failing, due to the strong cultural expectation in the United States that homeownership is a milestone that middle-class adults must achieve. Furthermore, despite using perfectly reasonable housing search strategies to locate homes in stable or improving racially integrated neighborhoods, the structure of racial segregation limits their agency in housing choices. Ultimately, policy solutions will need to address structural racism broadly and be attuned to the needs of both homeowners and renters.

Recenzijos

"In Grasping for the American Dream, Taplin-Kaguru describes the African Americans she interviewed as being on a treadmill. Running, exhausted, sometimes for years, trying to grasp the just-out-of-reach American Dream promised by homeownership. Census data and other quantitative studies have shown the countless ways in which homeownership simply looks different for African Americans due to racist policies and practices that created decades of segregation, disinvestment, and exploitation. But Taplin-Kagurus qualitative study brings those numbers to life and shows the human impact of creating an American Dream tied to homeownership, and then systematically denying that Dreamor putting it just out of reachto generations of African Americans. The stories of the people she interviewed revealed an often-deep commitment to homeownership as a signal of adult accomplishment and a source of freedom, even as structural barriers associated with such things as credit scores and student loans made the Dream elusive and delayed at best. Taplin-Kaguru deftly weaves this narrative together, drawing on sociological expertise and the voices of her subjects, to create an important contribution in the new line of research focused on understanding the lived experiences of individuals as they seek housing. Taplin-Kaguru interviewed people over several years and focused on an often-overlooked groupthe black working class. The result is a rich and nuanced understanding of both the desire to achieve the Dream and the structural barriers to realizing it. Barriers that leave these home seekers stuck on the treadmill."

Maria Krysan, Professor of Sociology, University of Illinois at Chicago, and co-author of Cycle of Segregation: Social Processes and Residential Stratification

"This masterful work of scholarship, written in a graceful and inviting style, builds on exemplary urban studies, such as those by Herb Gans, Karyn Lacy, and Mary Pattillo. It uniquely follows sixty-eight working-class and lower-middle-class African Americans in the Chicago metropolitan area through the process of buying a home, some of whom were not successful. The fine-grained results are enriched by a follow-up survey with thirty-eight of those who made a purchase, and by interviews with several of the former neighbors of the new homeowners. The result is impressive evidence for the endurance of the African American Dream of freedom, equality, and integration against all odds, a dream that ironically makes potential homebuyers 'more vulnerable to exploitation in a structurally racist housing market.' This book, including poignant accounts of how the disappointments in the face of ongoing racial discrimination are dealt with by a determined and resilient group of people, is destined to take its place on the shelf of classic urban studies."

G. William Domhoff, Distinguished Professor Emeritus and Research Professor in Sociology, University of California, Santa Cruz, author of Who Rules America?

"Despite being exploited and abused by the economics and policies of homeownership time and time again, Black Americans continue to uphold homebuying as a core component of their respectability, citizenship, and defiance of racisms setbacks. Nora Taplin-Kaguru fills in so many of the missing pieces of how and why Black homebuyers face these purchasing obstacles and ultimately gives voice to their reasons, their considerations, and how they make sense of a process that has historically marginalized Black communities."

Saida Grundy, Assistant Professor of Sociology and African American studies at Boston University, and the author of the forthcoming Manhood within the Margins: Promise, Peril and Paradox at the Historically Black College for Men.

Grasping for the American Dream will surely encourage lively classroom discussions in American urban sociology, housing, and race relations courses, as well as related fields like urban planning. It is an excellent contribution to the rich literature on working-class African Americans and on Black homeowners, especially in Chicago.

Hilary Silver in Social Forces

List of Figures
xi
List of Tables
xii
Acknowledgments xiii
1 Tiffany's Story
1(23)
Beyond Preferences, Discrimination, and Socioeconomic Disparities
9(3)
Foreclosure Crisis
12(1)
The Study
13(4)
The Racial Map of Chicagoland
17(1)
Outline of the Book
18(6)
2 The African American Dream of Homeownership
24(20)
What Does the American Dream Mean for African Americans?
26(3)
Why Buy a Home?
29(1)
The Social Significance of Homeownership
30(11)
Conclusion
41(3)
3 Homeownership Delayed
44(23)
Traditional Life Cycle and Residential Mobility
46(1)
Traditional Life Course Stages and Housing Needs
46(7)
Decoupling School and Home Choice
53(3)
Multigenerational Families and Residential Relocation
56(3)
Multigenerational Households as a Resource
59(3)
Complexities of Relocating Multigenerational Households
62(2)
Conclusion
64(3)
4 Searching for a Dream Home
67(20)
Ideal Neighborhood Qualities
70(2)
What Determines the Choice Set
72(3)
Second-Order Neighborhood Filtering with Search Heuristics
75(1)
Avoiding Decline
75(4)
Searching for Improvement
79(2)
Searching for Stability
81(2)
Conclusion
83(4)
5 Foreclosure MASH Unit
87(14)
Dispersed Public Housing
88(4)
Homebuyer Assistance Programs
92(6)
Conclusion
98(3)
6 Precarious Destinations
101(16)
Gentrification Aspirations and Realities
103(4)
Stability Aspirations and Realities
107(3)
Satisfaction with Location of New Home
110(1)
Leaving the Region
110(1)
Deciding Not to Buy
111(1)
Still Struggling
112(1)
Credit
113(1)
School Loans
114(1)
Taxes
114(1)
Conclusion
115(2)
7 Concluding Discussion
117(12)
Housing Policy to Further Integration
120(5)
Considering Renters and Homebuyers
125(1)
Reparations
126(3)
Methodological Appendix 129(5)
Index 134
Nora E. Taplin-Kaguru is Assistant Professor of Sociology at Earlham College. She is an urban sociologist, studying racism, housing, the built environment and social media. She has also been published in City & Community.