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Green Chemistry for Beginners: With a Foreword by Paul Anastas [Kietas viršelis]

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  • Formatas: Hardback, 334 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, weight: 793 g, 20 Tables, black and white; 17 Illustrations, color; 215 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jul-2021
  • Leidėjas: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9814316962
  • ISBN-13: 9789814316965
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Green Chemistry for Beginners: With a Foreword by Paul AnastasDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 334 pages, aukštis x plotis: 229x152 mm, weight: 793 g, 20 Tables, black and white; 17 Illustrations, color; 215 Illustrations, black and white
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jul-2021
  • Leidėjas: Pan Stanford Publishing Pte Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 9814316962
  • ISBN-13: 9789814316965
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9789814316965.html
Raktažodžiai:
With escalating concerns over the current state of our planet, the realization to work toward reducing our environmental footprint is gaining momentum. Scientists have realized that green chemistry is the key to reduce waste, rendering healthy environment, and improving human health. The 12 principles of green chemistry are the basic tenets that require understanding at the most fundamental level and implementation to promoting sustainable synthesis. This book discusses innovations in the form of greener technologies (superior green catalysts, alternate reaction media, and green energy sources) and elaborates their tremendous potential in combating the critical global challenges on the horizon. It intends to empower and educate students to grasp the key concepts of green chemistry, think out of the box and come up with new ideas, and apply the basic concepts in greening the world. It extensively covers the goals of the United Nation’s 2030 Agenda of Sustainable Development, which can be successfully achieved with the aid of green chemistry. It also highlights cutting-edge greener technologies such as biomimicry, miniaturization, and continuous flow. Edited by two active green chemists, the book presents in-depth knowledge of this field and is extremely helpful for undergraduate, graduate, and postgraduate readers, as well as academic and industrial researchers.
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
1 Genesis of Green Chemistry
1(32)
Anju Srivastava
Reena Jain
Manavi Yadav
Rakesh K. Sharma
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Early History
3(5)
1.3 Need for Green Chemistry: The Whys and Wherefores
8(3)
1.4 Designing of the 12 Principles of Green Chemistry
11(9)
1.5 Green Chemistry and Sustainable Development
20(2)
1.6 Parameters to Evaluate Chemical Processes: E-Factor and LCA
22(3)
1.7 Atom Economy
25(3)
1.7.1 Atom-Economical Reactions
27(1)
1.7.2 Atom-Uneconomical Reactions
27(1)
1.8 Hazards and Risks in Chemistry
28(1)
1.9 Learning Outcomes
29(1)
1.10 Problems
29(4)
2 Waste: A Misplaced Resource
33(46)
Anju Srivastava
Sriparna Dutta
Rakesh K. Sharma
2.1 Introduction
33(4)
2.2 Sources of Waste Generation
37(14)
2.2.1 Chemical Wastes Generated from Industrial and Academic Sectors
37(1)
2.2.1.1 Pharmaceutical wastes
37(6)
2.2.1.2 Wastes from the academic research sector
43(1)
2.2.2 Plastic Wastes
44(3)
2.2.3 Electronic Wastes
47(3)
2.2.4 Paper Wastes
50(1)
2.3 Problems Associated with the Generation and Mismanagement of Waste
51(2)
2.3.1 Global Case Studies Reflecting Mismanagement of Waste
53(1)
2.3.1.1 Minamata mercury poisoning incident
53(1)
2.4 Waste as a Resource
53(8)
2.4.1 Biomass: A Renewable Feedstock
57(1)
2.4.2 Biodiesel
58(1)
2.4.3 Polymers from Renewable Raw Materials: Thinking Green
59(1)
2.4.3.1 Bioplastics
60(1)
2.4.3.2 Bioadhesives
61(1)
2.5 Waste Minimization Techniques
61(11)
2.5.1 Minimizing the Use of Derivatives in Chemical Processes: A Way toward Improving the Environmental Credentials of Chemical Synthesis
61(2)
2.5.1.1 Sitagliptin
63(1)
2.5.2 Recycling Reagents
64(1)
2.5.2.1 Recycling reagents in chemical industries and laboratories
65(3)
2.5.3 Miniaturization
68(2)
2.5.4 Reduce, Reuse, and Recycle
70(1)
2.5.4.1 Reduce
71(1)
2.5.4.2 Reuse
71(1)
2.5.4.3 Recycle
72(1)
2.6 Design for Degradation
72(2)
2.7 Conclusion
74(1)
2.8 Learning Outcomes
74(1)
2.9 Problems
75(4)
3 Catalysis: A Promising Green Technology
79(40)
Manavi Yadav
Radhika Gupta
Gunjan Arora
Rakesh K. Sharma
3.1 Introduction
79(10)
3.1.1 What Is a Catalyst?
80(1)
3.1.2 History of Catalysis
81(1)
3.1.3 Catalytic Route vs. Stoichiometric Route: The Greener Aspect
82(6)
3.1.4 Nobel Prize Awards in the Development of Catalysis
88(1)
3.2 Role of Catalysis
89(1)
3.3 Next-Generation Catalysts
90(1)
3.4 Classification of Catalysts
91(1)
3.5 Homogeneous Catalysis
91(3)
3.5.1 Hydroformylation Reaction
91(1)
3.5.2 Olefin Hydrogenation Using Wilkinson's Catalyst
92(1)
3.5.3 Monsanto and Cativa Process
92(1)
3.5.4 Reppe Carbonylation Process
93(1)
3.5.5 Koch Reaction
94(1)
3.6 Heterogeneous Catalysis
94(6)
3.6.1 Haber-Bosch Process
95(1)
3.6.2 Ziegler-Natta Polymerization
96(1)
3.6.3 Ostwald Process
96(1)
3.6.4 Contact Process
97(1)
3.6.5 Catalytic Converters
97(3)
3.7 Phase Transfer Catalysts
100(3)
3.8 Asymmetric Catalysis
103(1)
3.9 Nanocatalysis: Emerging Hybrid Catalysis
104(8)
3.9.1 What Is Nanocatalysis?
104(1)
3.9.2 Synthetic Approaches
105(1)
3.9.3 Catalytic Applications
106(1)
3.9.3.1 Metal nanoparticles
106(3)
3.9.3.2 Metal oxide nanoparticles
109(1)
3.9.3.3 Magnetic nanoparticles
110(2)
3.10 Biocatalysis
112(1)
3.11 Current Challenges and Future Development in Catalysis
113(1)
3.12 Learning Outcomes
113(1)
3.13 Problems
114(5)
4 Alternative Reaction Media
119(42)
Radhika Gupta
Reena Jain
Rakesh K. Sharma
4.1 Introduction
119(1)
4.2 Need for Solvents
120(1)
4.3 Problems Related to Traditional Solvent Use
120(2)
4.4 Criteria for the Selection of Green Solvents
122(2)
4.5 Green Solvents for Organic Synthesis
124(27)
4.5.1 Water
124(5)
4.5.2 Supercritical Fluids
129(1)
4.5.2.1 Introduction to supercritical fluids
129(2)
4.5.2.2 Properties of supercritical fluids
131(1)
4.5.2.3 Supercritical CO2 (Tc = 31.1°C, Pc = 73.8 bar)
132(2)
4.5.2.4 Supercritical H2O (Tc = 374.2°C, Pc= 220.5 bar)
134(1)
4.5.3 Ionic Liquids
135(1)
4.5.3.1 Introduction to ionic liquids
135(1)
4.5.3.2 Properties of ionic liquids
136(1)
4.5.3.3 Ionic liquids as solvents
137(2)
4.5.4 Polyethylene Glycols
139(2)
4.5.5 Organic Carbonates
141(1)
4.5.6 Solvents Obtained from Renewable Resources
142(1)
4.5.6.1 Glycerol
143(2)
4.5.6.2 2-Methyltetrahydrofuran
145(1)
4.5.6.3 Ethyl lactate
146(1)
4.5.6.4 γ-Valerolactone
147(1)
4.5.7 Fluorous Biphasic Solvents
148(1)
4.5.7.1 Introduction to fluorous biphasic solvents
148(1)
4.5.7.2 Advantages of using fluorous solvents
148(1)
4.5.7.3 Fluorous biphasic system as a reaction media
149(2)
4.6 Solvent-Free Synthesis
151(3)
4.6.1 When At Least One of the Reactants Is a Liquid
151(1)
4.6.2 Gas-Phase Catalytic Reactions
152(1)
4.6.3 Solid-Solid Reaction
152(1)
4.6.4 Benefits of Solvent-Free Synthesis
153(1)
4.7 Immobilized Solvents
154(1)
4.8 Learning Outcomes
155(2)
4.9 Problems
157(4)
5 Greening Energy Sources
161(44)
Gunjan Arora
Pooja Rana
Rakesh K. Sharma
5.1 Introduction
161(3)
5.2 Microwave as a Greener Energy Source
164(9)
5.2.1 Mechanism of Microwave Heating
164(1)
5.2.1.1 What makes microwave technology superior to conventional heating?
165(2)
5.2.2 Microwave-Assisted Chemical Reactions
167(1)
5.2.2.1 Non-solid-state reactions
167(4)
5.2.2.2 Solid-state reactions
171(2)
5.2.3 Challenges Faced by Microwave Technology
173(1)
5.3 Chemistry Using Ultrasonic Energy
173(7)
5.3.1 How Sonochemistry Works
175(1)
5.3.2 Factors Affecting the Cavitation Effect
176(1)
5.3.3 Sonochemistry for Efficient Organic Synthesis
177(2)
5.3.4 Applications in Wastewater Treatment
179(1)
5.3.5 Challenges Faced by Sonochemical Processes
180(1)
5.4 Visible Light-Driven Processes: Photochemistry
180(12)
5.4.1 Classification of Photocatalysts
181(1)
5.4.2 Basic Principle of Photochemistry
181(1)
5.4.3 Photocatalytic Organic Transformations
182(1)
5.4.3.1 Photochemical cycloaddition reactions
183(1)
5.4.3.2 Photoinduced isomerization
184(1)
5.4.3.3 Photodimerization effect in water
184(1)
5.4.4 Industrial Applications of Photochemistry
185(1)
5.4.4.1 Photonitrosation
185(1)
5.4.4.2 Photo-oxygenation
185(1)
5.4.5 Advantages of Photochemistry
186(1)
5.4.6 Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
187(1)
5.4.6.1 Mechanism of photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants
188(1)
5.4.7 Factors Affecting Photocatalytic Degradation
189(1)
5.4.7.1 Effect of the concentration of organic pollutants
189(1)
5.4.7.2 Effect of the catalyst amount
190(1)
5.4.7.3 Effect of pH
190(1)
5.4.7.4 Size, structure, and surface area of the photocatalyst
190(1)
5.4.7.5 Effect of the reaction temperature
190(1)
5.4.7.6 Effect of the light intensity and wavelength of irradiation
191(1)
5.4.8 Challenges Faced by Photochemical Synthesis
191(1)
5.5 Electrochemistry for Clean Synthesis
192(7)
5.5.1 Basis of Electrochemical Synthesis
193(1)
5.5.2 Types of Organic Electrochemical Synthesis
194(1)
5.5.2.1 Anodic oxidative processes
194(1)
5.5.2.2 Cathodic reductive processes
194(1)
5.5.2.3 Paired organic electrosynthesis
194(1)
5.5.3 Examples of Electrochemical Synthesis
195(1)
5.5.3.1 Anodic oxidations
195(1)
5.5.3.2 Cathodic reductions
196(1)
5.5.3.3 Paired organic electrosynthesis
197(1)
5.5.4 Advantages of Electrochemical Synthesis
198(1)
5.5.5 Challenges Faced by Electrochemical Synthesis
199(1)
5.6 Future Outlook
199(1)
5.7 Learning Outcomes
199(1)
5.8 Problems
200(5)
6 Implementation of Green Chemistry: Real-World Case Studies
205(58)
Sriparna Dutta
Manavi Yadav
Rakesh K. Sharma
6.1 Introduction
205(1)
6.2 Synthesis of Valuable Compounds: Greener Protocols
206(7)
6.2.1 Synthesis of Adipic Acid and Catechol
207(1)
6.2.2 Synthesis of Styrene
208(1)
6.2.3 Synthesis of Citral
209(1)
6.2.4 Synthesis of Disodium Iminodiacetate
210(1)
6.2.5 Synthesis of Acetaldehyde
211(1)
6.2.6 Synthesis of Urethane
211(1)
6.2.7 Selective Methylation of Active Methylene Using Dimethyl Carbonate
212(1)
6.3 Some Real-World Cases: Green Chemistry Efforts Honored
213(38)
6.3.1 Development of NatureWorks™ PLA: An Efficient, Green Synthesis of a Biodegradable and Widely Applicable Plastic Made from Corn (A Renewable Resource)
214(1)
6.3.1.1 Greener alternative: Polylactic acid
215(1)
6.3.1.2 NatureWorks LLC: Synthesizing PLA from corn
215(4)
6.3.2 Healthier Fats and Oils via a Greener Route: Enzymatic Interesterification for the Production of Trans-Free Fats and Oils
219(3)
6.3.2.1 Green chemistry: Interesterification of oils
222(1)
6.3.2.2 Enzymatic interesterification of oils
223(1)
6.3.3 Development of Fully Recyclable Carpet: Cradle-to-Cradle Carpeting
224(1)
6.3.3.1 Green chemistry: Production of a cradle-to-cradle carpet
225(1)
6.3.3.2 Recycling of PO-backed nylon-faced carpeting
226(1)
6.3.4 Design and Development of Environmentally Safe Marine Antifoulant
226(2)
6.3.4.1 Development of SeaNine™ 211: Environmentally safe antifoulant
228(2)
6.3.5 Designing Rightfit™ Pigments to Replace Toxic Organic and Inorganic Pigments
230(1)
6.3.5.1 Green chemistry innovation
231(1)
6.3.5.2 Issues underlying and resolved
231(2)
6.3.5.3 How the Rightfit™ pigments can be synthesized
233(2)
6.3.6 Design and Application of Surfactants for CO2 Replacing Smog-Producing and Ozone-Depleting Solvents for Precision Cleaning and Service Industry
235(1)
6.3.6.1 CO2 as a greener alternative
236(1)
6.3.6.2 Benefits of scCO2
237(1)
6.3.6.3 How does a surfactant work?
238(1)
6.3.6.4 Green chemistry innovation
238(1)
6.3.6.5 Mechanism of action
239(1)
6.3.7 Green Synthesis of Ibuprofen by BHC
239(1)
6.3.7.1 Green chemistry innovation
240(1)
6.3.8 TAML Oxidant Activators: General Activation of Hydrogen Peroxide for Green Oxidation Technologies
241(2)
6.3.8.1 Green chemistry innovation
243(1)
6.3.9 Simple and Efficient Recycling of Rare Earth Elements from Consumer Materials Using Tailored Metal Complexes
244(1)
6.3.9.1 Green chemistry innovation
245(1)
6.3.10 Using Naturally Occurring Protein to Stimulate Plant Growth, Improve Crop Quality, Increase Yields, and Suppress Disease
245(2)
6.3.10.1 Green chemistry innovation
247(1)
6.3.10.2 Mechanism of action
248(1)
6.3.10.3 Advantages of harpin
248(1)
6.3.11 Environmentally Advanced Wood Preservatives: Replacing Toxic Chromium and Arsenic with Copper and Quaternary Ammonium Compounds
249(1)
6.3.11.1 Green chemistry: Removing arsenic and chromium from PTW
250(1)
6.4 Need for Industry-Academia Collaboration
251(4)
6.4.1 An Efficient Biocatalytic Process to Manufacture Simvastatin
253(2)
6.4.2 Green Route for the Manufacture of Ranitidine
255(1)
6.5 Conclusion
255(2)
6.6 Learning Outcomes
257(1)
6.7 Problems
257(6)
7 Green Chemistry in Education, Practice, and Teaching
263(20)
Reena Jain
Anju Srivastava
Manavi Yadav
Rakesh K. Sharma
7.1 Introduction
263(2)
7.2 Green Chemistry in Classroom
265(5)
7.3 Green Chemistry in a Teaching Laboratory
270(4)
7.4 Green Chemistry Institutes and Network Centers
274(3)
7.5 Important Journals and Websites
277(3)
7.6 Career Prospects
280(1)
7.7 Learning Outcomes
281(1)
7.8 Problems
281(2)
8 Green Chemistry: Vision for the Future
283(38)
Pooja Rana
Sriparna Dutta
Anju Srivastava
Rakesh K. Sharma
8.1 Introduction
283(1)
8.2 Challenges Lying Ahead of Green Chemistry
284(5)
8.3 Future Directions: Focus of the Future Researchers
289(1)
8.3.1 Nondepleting Nature
289(1)
8.3.2 Nontoxic Nature
289(1)
8.3.3 Nonpersistent Nature
290(1)
8.4 Selective Reagents in Organic Transformations
290(7)
8.4.1 Green Solvents
292(1)
8.4.2 Dry Media Synthesis
292(1)
8.4.3 Green Catalysis in Organic Synthesis
293(2)
8.4.4 Catalyst-Free Reactions in Organic Synthesis
295(1)
8.4.5 Energy-Efficient Synthesis
295(2)
8.5 Miniaturization
297(3)
8.5.1 Generic Goals of Miniaturization
297(1)
8.5.2 Miniaturization in Pharmaceutical Industries
298(1)
8.5.3 Miniaturization in Undergraduate Laboratories
299(1)
8.6 Biomimetic: Green Chemistry Solution
300(5)
8.7 Continuous Flow Technology
305(3)
8.8 Combinatorial Chemical Technology
308(3)
8.9 Green Chemistry and Sustainability
311(2)
8.10 Conclusion
313(1)
8.11 Learning Outcomes
314(1)
8.12 Problems
315(6)
Index 321
Rakesh K. Sharma is a professor at the University of Delhi (DU), India, and coordinator of the Green Chemistry Network Centre at DU. He is a fellow of the Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC) and the honorary secretary of RSC London, North India Section. He is also an honorary professor at Deakin University, Australia. He has published more than 150 research papers and review articles in renowned international journals. He has also written and edited books on green chemistry, published by RSC and World Scientific.

Anju Srivastava is a professor of chemistry and principal of Hindu College, University of Delhi, India, where she has been a faculty for 23 years. She earned her masters degree and PhD from IIT Delhi, India. She has authored five senior secondarylevel books in chemistry, numerous book chapters for undergraduate courses, and e-content for postgraduate courses. She has published nearly 25 articles in renowned national and international journals and has recently co-edited a book on air pollution, published by Springer.