|
1 Green Chemistry and Associated Metrics |
|
|
1 | (16) |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
1.1.1 The Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
1.1.2 Synthetic Efficiency and Overall Process Quality |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
1.2 Some Award-Winning Green Processes |
|
|
5 | (7) |
|
1.2.1 The Presidential Green Chemistry Challenge Awards |
|
|
5 | (1) |
|
1.2.2 BHC Ibuprofen Synthesis: A Perspective on Intrinsic Efficiency |
|
|
6 | (2) |
|
1.2.3 Merck's Synthesis of Januvia: Highlights and Global Efficiency |
|
|
8 | (2) |
|
1.2.4 Pfizer's Sertraline Process: A Perspective on Overall Process Quality |
|
|
10 | (2) |
|
1.3 Green Metrics: Overview and the Path Forward |
|
|
12 | (5) |
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
2 Atom Economy and Reaction Mass Efficiency |
|
|
17 | (28) |
|
|
17 | (13) |
|
2.1.1 Development and Motivation |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
2.1.2 Definition and Key Assumptions |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
2.1.3 Reaction Types: The Good, the Bad and the Ugly |
|
|
20 | (3) |
|
2.1.4 Catalysis, Industry and Innovation |
|
|
23 | (6) |
|
2.1.5 100 % Atom Economy: Above and Beyond |
|
|
29 | (1) |
|
2.2 Reaction Mass Efficiency (RME) |
|
|
30 | (15) |
|
2.2.1 History and Development |
|
|
30 | (4) |
|
2.2.2 Applying RME to Catalysis |
|
|
34 | (6) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (5) |
|
3 The E Factor and Process Mass Intensity |
|
|
45 | (24) |
|
|
45 | (13) |
|
3.1.1 History and Development |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
3.1.2 Intrinsic and Global E Factors |
|
|
46 | (3) |
|
3.1.3 Perspective on Waste in Academia and Industry |
|
|
49 | (2) |
|
3.1.4 The Solution: Catalysis |
|
|
51 | (5) |
|
3.1.5 Perspectives on Waste in Alternative Reaction Media |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
3.1.6 Beyond the E Factor: Innovative Synthetic Methods |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
3.2 Process Mass Intensity (PMI) |
|
|
58 | (11) |
|
3.2.1 History and Motivation |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
3.2.2 Process Mass Intensity in Relation to Other Metrics |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
3.2.3 Biocatalysis and the Synthesis of Singulair |
|
|
60 | (1) |
|
3.2.4 Future Trends and the Changing Industrial Landscape |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
|
62 | (7) |
|
4 Selected Qualitative Green Metrics |
|
|
69 | (12) |
|
|
69 | (6) |
|
4.1.1 The Penalty System: Virtues and Drawbacks |
|
|
70 | (2) |
|
4.1.2 Application in Education and Academia |
|
|
72 | (2) |
|
4.1.3 The Modified Ecoscale: An Industrial Metric? |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
4.2 Other Qualitative Metrics |
|
|
75 | (6) |
|
4.2.1 Environmental Assessment Tool for Organic Syntheses |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
4.2.2 The Andraos Algorithm: Advancing Radial Polygons |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
4.2.3 Future Directions: What Does "Global" Really Mean? |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
78 | (3) |
|
5 An Introduction to Life Cycle Assessment |
|
|
81 | |
|
5.1 History and the Journey Toward Standardization |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
5.2 Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) |
|
|
82 | (4) |
|
|
82 | (3) |
|
5.2.2 The Green Chemistry Connection |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
5.2.3 Virtues and Limitations |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
5.3 Industrial Application: Revisiting the Synthesis of 7-Aminocephalosporanic Acid |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
5.4 Future Directions: A Novel Approach to Teaching LCA and Green Metrics |
|
|
87 | |
|
|
88 | |