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xii | |
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xiv | |
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xvi | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgements |
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xx | |
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xxii | |
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1 The dilemma of sustainability |
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1 | (21) |
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1.1 Are we all environmentalists now? |
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1 | (3) |
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1.2 Nature in the Anthropocene |
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4 | (5) |
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1.3 The idea of development |
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9 | (4) |
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1.4 Sustainable development as Babel fish |
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13 | (4) |
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1.5 What is `green' development? |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (4) |
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2 The roots of sustainable development |
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22 | (27) |
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2.1 Environmentalism and the emergence of sustainable development |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (5) |
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2.2.1 Imperialism and nature |
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23 | (2) |
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2.2.2 Fields, forests and efficiency |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2.3 The wise use of nature |
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26 | (2) |
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2.3 The protection of nature |
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28 | (5) |
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28 | (3) |
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2.3.2 Conservation and development |
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31 | (2) |
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2.4 Ecology and sustainability |
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33 | (8) |
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2.4.1 Ecology and resource management |
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33 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Ecology and colonial resources |
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36 | (2) |
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2.4.3 Ecology and development planning |
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38 | (2) |
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2.4.4 The ecological impacts of development |
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40 | (1) |
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41 | (6) |
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2.5.1 Environmentalism's challenge |
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41 | (1) |
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2.5.2 Spaceships and limits |
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42 | (3) |
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2.5.3 Global science and sustainable development |
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45 | (2) |
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2.6 Making sustainable development |
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47 | (2) |
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3 Making mainstream sustainable development |
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49 | (32) |
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3.1 Beyond environmentalism: the Stockholm Conference 1972 |
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49 | (4) |
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3.2 Environment and human needs: the Brundtland Commission |
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53 | (5) |
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3.3 Environment and development: the Rio Conference and Agenda 21 |
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58 | (6) |
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58 | (2) |
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3.3.2 The Rio Declaration |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (2) |
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3.4 Forests and biodiversity |
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64 | (3) |
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3.4.7 Rio's Forest Principles |
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64 | (2) |
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3.4.2 The Convention on Biological Diversity |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (5) |
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3.5.1 The IPCC and climate change |
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67 | (1) |
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3.5.2 The Framework Convention on Climate Change |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (3) |
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3.6 Poverty and sustainability |
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72 | (5) |
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72 | (1) |
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3.6.2 Poverty: the Millennium Development Goals |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (2) |
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3.7 Rebooting sustainable development: Rio+20 |
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77 | (2) |
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3.8 The Sustainable Development Goals |
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79 | (2) |
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4 Sustainability and natural capital |
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81 | (27) |
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4.1 The economics of nature |
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81 | (2) |
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4.2 Ecosystem services as natural capital |
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83 | (12) |
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4.2.1 The idea of ecosystem services |
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83 | (2) |
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4.2.2 Mainstreaming ecosystem services |
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85 | (5) |
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4.2.3 Ecosystem services and poverty |
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90 | (2) |
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4.2.4 Valuing ecosystem services |
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92 | (2) |
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4.2.5 The awkwardness of ecosystems |
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94 | (1) |
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4.3 Strong and weak sustainability |
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95 | (3) |
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4.4 Calculating sustainability |
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98 | (3) |
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4.5 Trade-offs, equity and complexity |
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101 | (3) |
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4.6 Sustainable economies? |
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104 | (4) |
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5 Neoliberalism and the green economy |
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108 | (20) |
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5.1 Neoliberalism and nature |
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108 | (4) |
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5.1.1 Neoliberal environmentalism |
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108 | (2) |
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5.1.2 Environmentalism and radical thought |
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110 | (2) |
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5.2 Capitalism and nature |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (5) |
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5.3.1 Sustainable development and the green economy |
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114 | (1) |
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5.3.2 Ecological modernisation |
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115 | (4) |
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5.4 Market-based environmentalism |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (7) |
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5.5.7 Markets for ecosystem services |
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121 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Payments for ecosystem services (PES) |
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123 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Markets for sustainability |
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125 | (3) |
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6 Corporations and sustainability |
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128 | (28) |
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128 | (5) |
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128 | (2) |
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6.7.2 The politics of risk |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (2) |
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133 | (6) |
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6.2.1 Environmentalisms versus the corporation |
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133 | (2) |
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6.2.2 The `green' corporation |
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135 | (4) |
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139 | (10) |
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6.3.1 Linking production and consumption |
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139 | (2) |
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6.3.2 Certification schemes |
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141 | (5) |
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146 | (3) |
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149 | (7) |
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7 Sustainability and degrowth |
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156 | (20) |
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7.1 Growth and development |
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156 | (2) |
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7.2 Green critiques of developmentalism |
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158 | (8) |
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158 | (3) |
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161 | (3) |
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164 | (1) |
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164 | (2) |
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7.3 Promethean environmentalism and its critics |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (2) |
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169 | (7) |
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176 | (28) |
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8.1 The end of the forest |
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176 | (3) |
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8.2 Towards a political ecology |
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179 | (2) |
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8.3 The politics of knowing |
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181 | (1) |
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8.4 Narratives of deforestation |
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182 | (3) |
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8.5 The political ecology of deforestation |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (4) |
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191 | (4) |
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195 | (6) |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (20) |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (3) |
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210 | (1) |
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9.4 Desertification as policy fact |
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211 | (3) |
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9.5 Desertification myths and policy |
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214 | (4) |
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218 | (6) |
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10 Famine, food and farming |
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224 | (21) |
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10.1 The ghost of Malthus |
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224 | (2) |
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10.2 The political ecology of famine |
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226 | (3) |
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229 | (1) |
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10.4 Green revolutions and their discontents |
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230 | (2) |
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10.5 The problem of pesticides |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (2) |
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10.7 Indigenous intensification |
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237 | (8) |
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11 The political ecology of biodiversity |
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245 | (32) |
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11.1 Conservation as politics |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (2) |
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11.4 Making space for nature |
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250 | (5) |
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11.4.1 Nature, nation and territory |
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250 | (2) |
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11.4.2 National parks and other protected areas |
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252 | (1) |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (8) |
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11.5.1 Imposing wilderness |
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255 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Conservation displacement |
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256 | (2) |
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11.5.3 Benefits from parks |
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258 | (2) |
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260 | (3) |
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11.5.5 Conservation and indigenous people |
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263 | (1) |
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11.6 Mainstreaming conservation |
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263 | (6) |
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11.6.1 Conservation and development |
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263 | (2) |
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11.6.2 Conservation and poverty |
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265 | (1) |
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11.6.3 Integrating conservation with development |
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266 | (3) |
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11.7 Neoliberal conservation |
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269 | (8) |
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11.7.1 Private sector conservation |
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269 | (2) |
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11.7.2 Biodiversity offsetting |
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271 | (2) |
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11.7.3 Conservation's corporations |
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273 | (4) |
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12 Engineering development |
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277 | (35) |
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12.1 The power of infrastructure |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (2) |
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12.3 Rebuilding the world |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (4) |
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12.5 Dams and resettlement |
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285 | (3) |
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288 | (6) |
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12.7 Opposition to dam construction |
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294 | (3) |
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12.8 Making dams that work |
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297 | (7) |
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297 | (1) |
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12.8.2 The World Commission on Dams |
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298 | (4) |
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12.8.3 After the Commission |
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302 | (2) |
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12.9 Dams and sustainability? |
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304 | (8) |
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12.9.1 `Green' power and the new dams rush |
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304 | (1) |
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12.9.2 Why dams still fail |
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305 | (2) |
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12.9.3 Turning losers into winners |
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307 | (1) |
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12.9.4 Letting rivers be rivers |
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308 | (4) |
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13 Green development: reformism or radicalism? |
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312 | (15) |
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13.1 In search of sustainability |
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312 | (1) |
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13.2 The political ecology of transition |
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313 | (3) |
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13.3 Sustainability from below |
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316 | (3) |
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13.4 Resistance for sustainability |
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319 | (2) |
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13.5 Social movements and transition |
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321 | (3) |
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13.6 Green development: reformism or radicalism? |
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324 | (3) |
References |
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327 | (66) |
Index |
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393 | |