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El. knyga: Greenberg's Handbook of Neurosurgery

  • Formatas: 1990 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Apr-2023
  • Leidėjas: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781684205066
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 1990 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 19-Apr-2023
  • Leidėjas: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781684205066
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The fundamental, one-stop global resource for neurosurgical practice in updated 10th edition

Unlike traditional medical textbooks, the origins of the now legendary Handbook of Neurosurgery by Mark Greenberg took root in the late 1980's in the notes the author kept while taking care of his patients, from his weekly grand rounds presentations, and in the literature he read. Now in its 10th edition, the book that is often referred to as the "bible for neurosurgeons" has grown organically over the years to include more topics of importance to those who provide healthcare to patients with neurologic ailments, and to reflect advances in the understanding and management of the underlying conditions and diseases.

Throughout 23 sections and 116 chapters, the generously illustrated text covers information ranging from pediatrics to geriatrics. The comprehensive, conveniently compact book provides detailed, high-value, and actionable information that can be quickly accessed to enhance patient management, thereby eliminating the need to wade through superfluous material. It is also a perfect study companion for board examination and preparation for the maintenance of certification.

Key Features:

  • Updated classification and diagnostic criteria of central and peripheral nervous system tumors, based on the most recent WHO classifications
  • Reworking of numerous sections (including current concepts in pseudotumor cerebri, seizure classification…)
  • Addition of new chapters (including idiopathic scoliosis, LOVA and tuberculosis of the CNS)
  • Current principles of nonsurgical and surgical management, including risk factors, indications, diagnostics, prognoses, contraindications, and differential diagnoses
  • Nearly 500 figures, including new summary flow charts, illustrations, and simplified diagrams for early learners, enhance understanding of material discussed in the text
  • And, as always, thousands of references!

This unique book encompasses a wide breadth of neurosurgical topics in an easy digestible format, making it an indispensable daily reference for all neurosurgical residents, fellows, neurosurgeons, and allied health practitioners.

This print book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.

Anatomy and Physiology
1 Cross Anatomy, Cranial and Spine
56(18)
1.1 Cortical surface anatomy
56(2)
1.2 Central sulcus on axial imaging
58(2)
1.3 Surf ace anatomy of the cranium
60(3)
1.4 Surface landmarks of spine levels
63(1)
1.5 Cranial foramina and their contents
63(3)
1.6 Internal capsule
66(1)
1.7 Cerebellopontine angle anatomy
67(1)
1.8 Occipitoatlantoaxial-complex anatomy
67(2)
1.9 Spinal cord anatomy
69(5)
2 Vascular Anatomy
74(16)
2.1 Cerebral vascular territories
74(1)
2.2 Cerebral arterial anatomy
74(10)
2.3 Cerebral venous anatomy
84(3)
2.4 Spinal cord vasculature
87(3)
3 Neurophysiology and Regional Brain Syndromes
90(18)
3.1 Neurophysiology
90(8)
3.2 Regional brain syndromes
98(4)
3.3 Jugular foramen syndromes
102(6)
General and Neurology
4 Neuroanesthesia
108(6)
4.1 ASA classification
108(1)
4.2 Neuroanesthesia parameters
108(1)
4.3 Drugs used in neuroanesthesia
109(3)
4.4 Anesthetic requirements for intraoperative evoked potential monitoring
112(1)
4.5 Malignant hyperthermia
112(2)
5 Sodium Homeostasis and Osmolality
114(17)
5.1 Serum osmolality and sodium concentration
114(1)
5.2 Hyponatremia
114(10)
5.3 Hypernatremia
124(7)
6 General Neurocritical Care
131(8)
6.1 Parenteral agents for hypertension
131(1)
6.2 Hypotension (shock)
132(2)
6.3 Acid inhibitors
134(2)
6.4 Rhabdomyolysis
136(3)
7 Sedatives, Paralytics, Analgesics
139(12)
7.1 Sedatives and paralytics
139(2)
7.2 Paralytics (neuromuscular blocking agents)
141(2)
7.3 Analgesics
143(8)
8 Endocrinology
151(9)
8.1 Pituitary embryology and neuroendocrinology
151(2)
8.2 Corticosteroids
153(5)
8.3 Hypothyroidism
158(2)
9 Hematology
160(22)
9.1 Circulating blood volume
160(1)
9.2 Blood component therapy
160(3)
9.3 Anticoagulation considerations in neurosurgery
163(16)
9.4 Extramedullary hematopoiesis
179(3)
10 Neurology for Neurosurgeons
182(20)
10.1 Dementia
182(1)
10.2 Headache
182(2)
10.3 Parkinsonism
184(3)
10.4 Multiple sclerosis
187(3)
10.5 Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis
190(1)
10.6 Motor neuron diseases
191(2)
10.7 Guillain-Barre syndrome
193(2)
10.8 Myelitis
195(3)
10.9 Neurosarcoidosis
198(4)
11 Neurovascular Disorders and Neurotoxicology
202(20)
11.1 Posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES)
202(1)
11.2 Crossed cerebellar diaschisis
202(1)
11.3 Vasculitis and vasculopathy
203(9)
11.4 Neurotoxicology
212(10)
Imaging and Diagnostics
12 Plain Radiology and Contrast Agents
222(16)
12.1 C-Spine X-rays
222(4)
12.2 Lumbosacral (LS) spine X-rays
226(1)
12.3 Skull X-rays
227(3)
12.4 Contrast agents in neuroradiology
230(4)
12.5 Radiation safety for neurosurgeons
234(4)
13 Imaging and Angiography
238(11)
13.1 CAT scan (AKA CT scan)
238(1)
13.2 Pregnancy and CT scans
239(1)
13.3 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
239(8)
13.4 Angiography
247(1)
13.5 Myelography
247(1)
13.6 Radionuclide scanning
247(2)
14 Electrodiagnostics
249(11)
14.1 Electroencephalogram (EEC)
249(1)
14.2 Evoked potentials
249(5)
14.3 NCS/EMC
254(6)
Developmental Anomalies
15 Primary Intracranial Anomalies
260(20)
15.1 Arachnoid cysts, intracranial
260(4)
15.2 Craniofacial development
264(6)
15.3 Dandy Walker malformation
270(3)
15.4 Aqueductal stenosis
273(1)
15.5 Agenesis of the corpus callosum
274(2)
15.6 Absence of the septum pellucidum
276(1)
15.7 Intracranial lipomas
276(1)
15.8 Hypothalamic hamartomas
277(3)
16 Primary Spinal Developmental Anomalies
280(15)
16.1 Spinal arachnoid cysts
280(1)
16.2 Spinal dysraphism (spina bifida)
280(8)
16.3 Failure of vertebral segmentation and formation
288(1)
16.4 Klippel-Feil syndrome
289(1)
16.5 Tethered cord syndrome
290(2)
16.6 Split cord malformation
292(1)
16.7 Lumbosacral nerve root anomalies
293(2)
17 Primary Craniospinal Anomalies
295(223)
17.1 Chiari malformations
295(13)
17.2 Neural tube defects
308(5)
17.3 Neurenteric cysts
313(205)
Coma and Brain Death
18 Coma
518
18.1 Coma and coma scales
318(1)
18.2 Posturing
319(1)
18.3 Etiologies of coma
319(5)
18.4 Herniation syndromes
324(4)
18.5 Hypoxic coma
328(2)
19 Brain Death and Organ Donation
330(10)
19.1 Brain death in adults
330(1)
19.2 Brain death criteria
330(5)
19.3 Brain death in children
335(1)
19.4 Organ and tissue donation
336(4)
Infection
20 Bacterial Infections of the Parenchyma and Meninges and Complex Infections
340(31)
20.1 Meningitis
340(3)
20.2 Cerebral abscess
343(7)
20.3 Subdural empyema
350(3)
20.4 Neurologic Involvement in HIV/AIDS
353(4)
20.5 Tuberculosis of the CNS (neurotuberculosis)
357(7)
20.6 Lyme disease---neurologic manifestations
364(2)
20.7 Nocardia brain abscess
366(5)
21 Skull, Spine, and Post-Surgical Infections
371(26)
21.1 Shunt infection
371(3)
21.2 External ventricular drain (EVD)-related infection
374(3)
21.3 Wound infections
377(3)
21.4 Osteomyelitis of the skull
380(1)
21.5 Spine infections
380(17)
22 Other Nonbacterial Infections
397(17)
22.1 Viral encephalitis
397(2)
22.2 Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
399(5)
22.3 Parasitic infections of the CNS
404(5)
22.4 Fungal infections of the CNS
409(1)
22.5 Amebic infections of the CNS
410(4)
Hydrocephalus and Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
23 Cerebrospinal Fluid
414(12)
23.1 General CSF characteristics
414(1)
23.2 Bulk flow model
414(1)
23.3 CSF constituents
415(1)
23.4 Cranial CSF fistula
415(3)
23.5 Spinal CSF fistula
418(1)
23.6 Meningitis in CSF fistula
418(1)
23.7 Evaluation of the patient with CSF fistula
418(2)
23.8 Treatment for CSF fistula
420(1)
23.9 Spontaneous intracranial hypotension (SIH)
421(5)
24 Hydrocephalus -- General Aspects
426(26)
24.1 Basic definition
426(1)
24.2 Epidemiology
426(1)
24.3 Etiologies of hydrocephalus
426(1)
24.4 Signs and symptoms of HCP
427(4)
24.5 Imaging diagnosis of hydrocephalus
431(2)
24.6 Differential diagnosis of hydrocephalus
433(1)
24.7 External hydrocephalus (AKA benign external hydrocephalus)
433(1)
24.8 X linked hydrocephalus
434(1)
24.9 "Arrested hydrocephalus" in pediatrics
435(1)
24.10 Entrapped fourth ventricle
436(1)
24.11 Ventriculomegaly in adults
437(1)
24.12 Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
438(9)
24.13 Hydrocephalus and pregnancy
447(5)
25 Treatment of Hydrocephalus
452(28)
25.1 Medical treatment of hydrocephalus
452(1)
25.2 Spinal taps
452(1)
25.3 Surgical
452(1)
25.4 Endoscopic third ventriculostomy
453(1)
25.5 Shunts
454(4)
25.6 Shunt problems
458(9)
25.7 Specific shunt systems
467(8)
25.8 Surgical insertion techniques
475(1)
25.9 Instructions to patients
475(5)
Seizures
26 Seizure Classification and Syndromes
480(5)
26.1 Seizure definitions and classification
480(2)
26.2 Epilepsy syndromes
482(3)
27 Antiseizure Medication (ASM)
485(18)
27.1 General information
485(1)
27.2 Antiseizure medications (ASM) for various seizure types
485(2)
27.3 Antiseizure medication pharmacology
487(12)
27.4 Withdrawal of antiseizure medications
499(1)
27.5 Pregnancy and antiseizure medications
500(3)
28 Special Seizure Considerations
503(15)
28.1 New onset seizures
503(1)
28.2 Posttraumatic seizures
504(2)
28.3 Alcohol withdrawal seizures
506(1)
28.4 Nonepileptic seizures
507(2)
28.5 Febrile seizures
509(1)
28.6 Status epilepticus
510(8)
Pain
29 Pain
518(12)
29.1 Major types of pain
518(1)
29.2 Neuropathic pain syndromes
518(1)
29.3 Craniofacial pain syndromes
519(3)
29.4 Postherpetic neuralgia
522(3)
29.5 Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS)
525(5)
Peripheral Nerves
30 Peripheral Nerves
530(11)
30.1 Peripheral nerves -- definitions and grading scales
530(1)
30.2 Muscle innervation
531(4)
30.3 Peripheral nerve injury/surgery
535(6)
31 Entrapment Neuropathies
541(27)
31.1 Entrapment neuropathy -- definitions and associations
541(1)
31.2 Mechanism of injury
541(1)
31.3 Occipital nerve entrapment
541(2)
31.4 Median nerve entrapment
543(10)
31.5 Ulnar nerve entrapment
553(5)
31.6 Radial nerve injuries
558(2)
31.7 Injury in the hand
560(1)
31.8 Axillary nerve injuries
560(1)
31.9 Suprascapular nerve
560(1)
31.10 Meralgia paresthetica
561(1)
31.11 Obturator nerve entrapment
562(1)
31.12 Femoral nerve entrapment
562(1)
31.13 Common peroneal nerve palsy
563(2)
31.14 Tarsal tunnel
565(3)
32 Non-Entrapment Peripheral Neuropathies
568(18)
32.1 General information
568(1)
32.2 Etiologies of peripheral neuropathy
568(1)
32.3 Classification
568(1)
32.4 Clinical
569(1)
32.5 Syndromes of peripheral neuropathy
569(8)
32.6 Peripheral nerve injuries
577(4)
32.7 Missile injuries of peripheral nerves
581(1)
32.8 Thoracic outlet syndrome
581(5)
Neurophthalmology and Neurotology
33 Neurophthalmology
586(17)
33.1 Nystagmus
586(1)
33.2 Papilledema
586(2)
33.3 Visual fields
588(2)
33.4 Pupillary diameter
590(6)
33.5 Extraocular muscle (EOM) system
596(4)
33.6 Neurophthalmologic syndromes
600(1)
33.7 Miscellaneous neurophthalmologic signs
601(2)
34 Neurotology
603(13)
34.1 Dizziness and vertigo
603(1)
34.2 Meniere disease
604(3)
34.3 Facial nerve palsy
607(4)
34.4 Hearing loss
611(5)
Tumors of the Nervous and Related Systems
35 Tumor Classification and General Information
616(21)
35.1 WHO classification of tumors of the nervous system
616(5)
35.2 Pediatric brain tumors
621(1)
35.3 Brain tumors---general clinical aspects
622(4)
35.4 Management of the patient with a brain tumor
626(1)
35.5 Chemotherapy agents for brain tumors
627(2)
35.6 Intraoperative pathology consultations ("frozen section")
629(2)
35.7 Select commonly utilized stains in neuropathology
631(6)
36 Genetic Tumor Syndromes Involving the CNS
637(20)
36.1 General information
637(1)
36.2 Neurofibromatosis
637(7)
36.3 Other genetic tumor syndromes involving the CNS
644(13)
37 Adult Diffuse Gliomas
657(22)
37.1 Incidence
657(1)
37.2 Risk factors for diffuse gliomas
657(1)
37.3 General features of gliomas
657(1)
37.4 Adult-type diffuse gliomas
658(10)
37.5 Treatment for adult-type diffuse gliomas
668(11)
38 Pediatric-type Diffuse Tumors
679(10)
38.1 Pediatric-type diffuse low-grade gliomas
679(4)
38.2 Pediatric-type diffuse high-grade gliomas
683(6)
39 Circumscribed Astrocytic Gliomas
689(17)
39.1 General meaning of "circumscribed"
689(1)
39.2 Specific tumor types
689(17)
40 Glioneuronal and Neuronal Tumors
706(18)
40.1 Glioneuronal tumors
706(11)
40.2 Neuronal tumors
717(7)
41 Ependymal Tumors
724(15)
41.1 Introduction to ependymal tumors
724(1)
41.2 Specific tumor types
724(15)
42 Choroid Plexus Tumors
739(5)
42.1 General information
739(1)
42.2 Choroid plexus tumor types
739(5)
43 Embryonal Tumors
744(14)
43.1 General information for embryonal tumors
744(1)
43.2 MedulloMastoma (a subset of embryonal tumors), general aspects
744(4)
43.3 Medulloblastomas by definition criteria
748(6)
43.4 CNS embryonal tumors other than medulloblastoma
754(4)
44 Pineal Tumors and Pineal Region Lesions
758(10)
44.1 Pineal region lesions
758(4)
44.2 Pineal tumors
762(6)
45 Cranial and Paraspinal Nerve Tumors
768(35)
45.1 General information
768(1)
45.2 Specific cranial and paraspinal nerve tumors
768(9)
45.3 Vestibular schwannoma
777(26)
46 Meningiomas (Intracranial)
803(17)
46.1 General information
803(1)
46.2 Meningioma tumor types
803(17)
47 Mesenchymal, Non-meningothelial Tumors
820(9)
47.1 General information
820(1)
47.2 Fibroblastic and myofibroblastic tumors
820(1)
47.3 Vascular tumors
821(4)
47.4 Notochordal tumors
825(4)
48 Melanocytic Tumors and CNS Germ Cell Tumors
829(11)
48.1 Melanocytic tumors
829(2)
48.2 Germ cell tumors of the CNS
831(9)
49 Hematolymphoid Tumors Involving the CNS
840(9)
49.1 CNS lymphomas
840(6)
49.2 Histiocytic tumors
846(3)
50 Tumors of the Sellar Region
849(12)
50.1 General information
849(1)
50.2 Sellar region tumors of non pituitary origin
849(3)
50.3 Tumors of the neurohypophysis & infundibulum
852(2)
50.4 Tumors of the adenohypophysis
854(7)
51 PitNET/Adenomas -- Clinical Considerations
861(13)
51.1 General information
861(1)
51.2 Diagnostic criteria and classification of PitNET/adenoma
861(1)
51.3 Epidemiology/pathology
861(2)
51.4 Differential diagnosis of pituitary tumors
863(1)
51.5 Clinical presentation of pituitary tumors
863(3)
51.6 Specific types of pituitary tumors
866(8)
52 Pituitary Tumors -- Evaluation
874(12)
52.1 History and physical
874(1)
52.2 Diagnostic tests
874(12)
53 PitNET/Adenomas -- General Management
886(10)
53.1 Management/treatment recommendations
886(7)
53.2 Radiation therapy for PitNET/adenomas
893(3)
54 PitNET/Adenomas -- Surgical Management, Outcome, and Recurrence Management
896(12)
54.1 Surgical treatment for PitNET/adenomas
896(7)
54.2 Outcome following transsphenoidal surgery
903(1)
54.3 Follow-up suggestions for PitNET/adenomas
904(2)
54.4 Recurrent PitNET/adenomas
906(2)
Other Tumors and Tumor-like Conditions
55 Metastases to the CNS
908(27)
55.1 Cerebral metastases
908(13)
55.2 Spinal epidural metastases
921(7)
55.3 Hematopoietic tumors
928(7)
56 Other Tumors, Cysts, and Tumor-Like Lesions
935(20)
56.1 Other tumors
935(9)
56.2 Cyst like lesions
944(7)
56.3 Empty sella syndrome
951(4)
57 Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome (PTCS)
955(17)
57.1 General information
955(1)
57.2 Epidemiology
956(1)
57.3 Natural history
956(1)
57.4 Associated conditions
956(2)
57.5 Diagnostic criteria
958(1)
57.6 Clinical findings
958(3)
57.7 Differential diagnosis
961(1)
57.8 Evaluation
962(2)
57.9 Treatment and management
964(8)
58 Tumors and Tumor-Like Lesions of the Skull
972(7)
58.1 Skull tumors
972(2)
58.2 Non-neoplastic skull lesions
974(5)
59 Tumors of the Spine and Spinal Cord
979(21)
59.1 Spine tumors -- general information
979(1)
59.2 Compartmental locations of spinal tumors
979(1)
59.3 Differential diagnosis: spine and spinal cord tumors
979(2)
59.4 Intradural extramedullar spinal cord tumors
981(3)
59.5 Intramedullary spinal cord tumors
984(5)
59.6 Primary bone tumors of the spine
989(11)
Head Trauma
60 Head Trauma -- General Information, Grading, Initial Management
1000(19)
60.1 Head trauma -- general information
1000(1)
60.2 Grading
1000(1)
60.3 Transfer of trauma patients
1001(1)
60.4 Management in E/R
1002(4)
60.5 Radiographic evaluation of TBI in the E/R
1006(6)
60.6 E/R management for minor or moderate head injury
1012(1)
60.7 Patients with associated severe systemic injuries
1013(1)
60.8 Exploratory burr holes
1014(5)
61 Concussion, High-Altitude Cerebral Edema, Cerebrovascular Injuries
1019(17)
61.1 Concussion
1019(6)
61.2 Other TBI definitions and concepts
1025(2)
61.3 Posttraumatic hearing loss
1027(1)
61.4 High-altitude cerebral edema
1028(1)
61.5 Traumatic cervical artery dissections
1028(8)
62 Neuromonitoring in Head Trauma
1036(26)
62.1 General information
1036(1)
62.2 Intracranial pressure (ICP)
1036(9)
62.3 Adjuncts to ICP monitoring
1045(1)
62.4 Treatment measures for elevated ICP
1046(16)
63 Skull Fractures
1062(9)
63.1 Types of skull fractures
1062(1)
63.2 Linear skull fractures over the convexity
1062(1)
63.3 Depressed skull fractures
1062(2)
63.4 Basal skull fractures
1064(2)
63.5 Craniofacial fractures
1066(1)
63.6 Pneumocephalus
1067(4)
64 Traumatic Hemorrhagic Conditions
1071(22)
64.1 Posttraumatic parenchymal injuries
1071(1)
64.2 Hemorrhagic contusion
1071(1)
64.3 Epidural hematoma
1072(4)
64.4 Acute subdural hematoma
1076(5)
64.5 Chronic subdural hematoma
1081(3)
64.6 Spontaneous subdural hematoma
1084(1)
64.7 Traumatic subdural hygroma
1085(2)
64.8 Extraaxial fluid collections In children
1087(2)
64.9 Traumatic posterior fossa mass lesions
1089(4)
65 Gunshot Wounds and Non-Missile Penetrating Brain Injuries
1093(5)
65.1 Gunshot wounds to the head
1093(3)
65.2 Non-missile penetrating trauma
1096(2)
66 Pediatric Head Injury
1098(8)
66.1 Epidemiology of pediatric head injury and comparison to adults
1098(1)
66.2 Management
1098(1)
66.3 Outcome
1099(1)
66.4 Cephalhematoma
1099(1)
66.5 Skull fractures in pediatric patients
1100(2)
66.6 Retroclival hematoma
1102(1)
66.7 Nonaccidental trauma (NAT)
1103(3)
67 Head Injury -- Long-Term Management, Complications, Outcome
1106(12)
67.1 Airway management
1106(1)
67.2 Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) prophylaxis
1106(1)
67.3 Nutrition in the head-injured patient
1106(2)
67.4 Posttraumatic hydrocephalus
1108(1)
67.5 Outcome from head trauma
1109(2)
67.6 Late complications from traumatic brain injury
1111(7)
Spine Trauma
68 Spine Injuries -- General Information, Neurologic Assessment, Whiplash and Sports-Related Injuries, Pediatric Spine Injuries
1118(20)
68.1 Introduction
1118(1)
68.2 Terminology
1118(1)
68.3 Whiplash-associated disorders
1119(2)
68.4 Pediatric spine injuries
1121(3)
68.5 Cervical bracing
1124(1)
68.6 Follow-up schedule
1125(1)
68.7 Sports-related cervical spine injuries
1125(2)
68.8 Neurological assessment
1127(5)
68.9 Spinal cord injuries
1132(6)
69 Management of Spinal Cord Injury
1138(15)
69.1 Spinal trauma management -- general information
1138(1)
69.2 Management in the field
1138(1)
69.3 Management in the hospital
1139(2)
69.4 Radiographic evaluation and initial C-spine immobilization
1141(5)
69.5 Traction/reduction of cervical spine injuries
1146(3)
69.6 Timing of surgery following spinal cord injury
1149(4)
70 Occipitoatlantoaxial Injuries (Occiput to C2)
1153(28)
70.1 Atlantooccipital dislocation (AOD)
1153(3)
70.2 Occipital condyle fractures
1156(2)
70.3 Atlantoaxial (C1--2) subluxation/dislocatiort
1158(4)
70.4 Atlas (C1) fractures
1162(3)
70.5 Axis (C2) fractures
1165(12)
70.6 Combination CI & C2 injuries
1177(4)
71 Subaxial (C3 through C7) Injuries / Fractures
1181(19)
71.1 Classification systems
1181(2)
71.2 Clay shoveler's fracture
1183(1)
71.3 Vertical compression injuries
1183(1)
71.4 Flexion injuries of the subaxial cervical spine
1183(2)
71.5 Distraction flexion injuries
1185(6)
71.6 Extension injuries of the subaxial cervical spine
1191(3)
71.7 Treatment of subaxial cervical spine fractures
1194(2)
71.8 Spinal cord injury without radiographic abnormality (SCIWORA)
1196(4)
72 Thoracic, Lumbar, and Sacral Spine Fractures
1200(19)
72.1 Assessment and management of thoracolumbar fractures
1200(7)
72.2 Surgical treatment
1207(1)
72.3 Osteoporotic spine fractures
1208(7)
72.4 Sacral fractures
1215(4)
73 Penetrating Spine Injuries and Long-Term Considerations of Spine Injuries
1219(7)
73.1 Gunshot wounds to the spine
1219(1)
73.2 Penetrating trauma to the neck
1219(2)
73.3 Delayed cervical instability
1221(1)
73.4 Delayed deterioration following spinal cord injuries
1221(1)
73.5 Chronic management issues with spinal cord injuries
1222(4)
Non-Traumatic Spine and Spinal Cord Conditions
74 Low Back Pain
1226(24)
74.1 Low back pain -- general information
1226(1)
74.2 Intervertebral disc
1226(1)
74.3 Clinical terms
1227(1)
74.4 Disability, pain, and outcome determinations
1228(1)
74.5 Differential diagnosis of low back pain
1228(1)
74.6 Initial assessment of the patient with back pain
1228(2)
74.7 Radiographic evaluation
1230(6)
74.8 Electrodiagnostics for low back problems
1236(1)
74.9 Psychosocial factors
1236(1)
74.10 Treatment
1236(5)
74.11 Chronic low back pain
1241(1)
74.12 Coccydynia
1241(2)
74.13 Failed back surgery syndrome
1243(7)
75 Lumbar Disc Herniation and Radiculopathy
1250(21)
75.1 General information
1250(1)
75.2 Pathophysiology
1250(1)
75.3 Herniation zones
1250(1)
75.4 Other disc herniation variants
1251(1)
75.5 Clinical findings with hernaited lumbar disc
1251(4)
75.6 Radiographic evaluation
1255(1)
75.7 Nonsurgical treatment
1255(1)
75.8 Surgical treatment
1256(7)
75.9 Herniated upper lumbar discs (levels L1--2, L2--3, and L3--4)
1263(1)
75.10 Extreme lateral lumbar disc herniations
1263(3)
75.11 Lumbar disc herniations in pediatrics
1266(1)
75.12 Intradural disc herniation
1266(1)
75.13 Intravertebral disc herniation
1266(1)
75.14 Recurrent herniated lumbar disc
1267(1)
75.15 Surgical treatment
1268(1)
75.16 Spinal cord stimulation
1268(3)
76 Thoracic Disc Herniation
1271(9)
76.1 General information
1271(1)
76.2 Evaluation
1271(1)
76.3 Indications for surgery
1272(1)
76.4 Surgical approaches
1272(1)
76.5 Choosing the approach
1272(1)
76.6 Surgical technique
1273(7)
77 Cervical Disc Herniation
1280(16)
77.1 Cervical disc herniation -- general information
1280(1)
77.2 Cervical nerve root syndromes (cervical radiculopathy)
1280(1)
77.3 Cervical myelopathy and SCI due to cervical disc herniation
1280(1)
77.4 Differential diagnosis
1281(1)
77.5 Physical exam for cervical disc herniation
1281(1)
77.6 Radiologic evaluation
1282(1)
77.7 Treatment
1283(13)
78 Cervical Degenerative Disc Disease and Cervical Myelopathy
1296(16)
78.1 Cervical disc degeneration -- general information
1296(1)
78.2 Pathophysiology
1296(1)
78.3 Epidemiology/Natural history
1297(1)
78.4 Clinical
1297(3)
78.5 Differential diagnosis
1300(1)
78.6 Evaluation
1301(2)
78.7 Treatment
1303(5)
78.8 Coincident cervical and lumbar spinal stenosis
1308(1)
78.9 Craniocervical junction and upper cervical spine abnormalities
1308(4)
79 Spine Measurements
1312(7)
79.1 General information
1312(1)
79.2 Scoliosis measurements
1312(1)
79.3 Sagittal plane spine measurements
1313(6)
80 Idiopathic Scoliosis
1319(8)
80.1 General information
1319(1)
80.2 Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS)
1319(6)
80.3 Adult idiopathic scoliosis (AdIS)
1325(2)
81 Lumbar and Thoracic Degenerative Disc Disease
1327(25)
81.1 Degenerative disc disease
1327(1)
81.2 Lumbar spinal stenosis
1328(9)
81.3 Spondylolisthesis
1337(3)
81.4 Juxtafacet cysts of the lumbar spine
1340(2)
81.5 Degenerative scoliosis
1342(1)
81.6 Treatment of lumbar spinal stenosis
1342(6)
81.7 Outcome
1348(4)
82 Adult Spinal Deformity and Degenerative Scoliosis
1352(10)
82.1 Adult spinal deformity -- general information
1352(1)
82.2 Epidemiology
1352(1)
82.3 Clinical evaluation
1352(1)
82.4 Diagnostic testing
1353(1)
82.5 SRS-Schwab classification of adult degenerative spinal deformity
1353(1)
82.6 Treatment/management
1354(8)
83 Special Conditions Affecting the Spine
1362(33)
83.1 Paget's disease of the spine
1362(3)
83.2 Ankylosing and ossifying conditions of the spine
1365(9)
83.3 Scheuermann's kyphosis
1374(2)
83.4 Rheumatoid arthritis
1376(5)
83.5 Down syndrome
1381(1)
83.6 Spinal epidural lipomatosis (SEL)
1381(1)
83.7 Miscellaneous conditions affecting the spine
1382(13)
84 Special Conditions Affecting the Spinal Cord
1395(21)
84.1 Spinal vascular malformations
1395(4)
84.2 Spinal cord cavernous malformations
1399(1)
84.3 Abnormalities involving spinal meninges
1400(5)
84.4 Syringomyelia
1405(6)
84.5 Posttraumatic syringomyelia
1411(5)
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage and Aneurysms
85 Aneurysms -- Introduction, Grading, Special Conditions
1416(16)
85.1 Introduction and overview
1416(1)
85.2 Etiologies of SAH
1417(1)
85.3 Incidence of aneurysmal SAH (aSAH)
1417(1)
85.4 Risk factors for aSAH
1417(1)
85.5 Clinical features
1418(2)
85.6 Work-up of suspected SAH
1420(4)
85.7 Grading SAH
1424(1)
85.8 Pregnancy and intracranial hemorrhage
1425(1)
85.9 Hydrocephalus after SAH
1426(6)
86 Critical Care of Aneurysm Patients
1432(21)
86.1 Initial management of SAH
1432(5)
86.2 Rebleeding
1437(1)
86.3 Neurogenic stress cardiomyopathy (NSC)
1438(1)
86.4 Neurogenic pulmonary edema
1439(1)
86.5 Vasospasm (AKA cerebrovascular vasospasm)
1439(8)
86.6 Post-op orders for aneurysm clipping
1447(6)
87 SAH from Cerebral Aneurysm Rupture
1453(20)
87.1 Epidemiology of cerebral aneurysms
1453(1)
87.2 Etiology of cerebral aneurysms
1453(1)
87.3 Location of cerebral aneurysms
1453(1)
87.4 Natural history of cerebral aneurysms
1453(1)
87.5 Presentation of cerebral aneurysms
1454(1)
87.6 Conditions associated with aneurysms
1455(1)
87.7 Treatment options for aneurysms
1456(5)
87.8 Timing of aneurysm surgery
1461(2)
87.9 General technical considerations of aneurysm surgery
1463(10)
88 Aneurysm Type by Location
1473(13)
88.1 Anterior communicating artery aneurysms
1473(2)
88.2 Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms
1475(1)
88.3 Posterior communicating artery aneurysms
1475(1)
88.4 Carotid terminus (bifurcation) aneurysms
1476(1)
88.5 Middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysms
1476(1)
88.6 Cavernous carotid artery aneurysms (CCAAs)
1477(1)
88.7 Supraclinoid aneurysms
1478(1)
88.8 Posterior circulation aneurysms
1479(7)
89 Special Aneurysms and Non-Aneurysmal SAH
1486(18)
89.1 Unruptured aneurysms
1486(4)
89.2 Multiple aneurysms
1490(1)
89.3 Familial aneurysms
1490(1)
89.4 Traumatic aneurysms
1491(1)
89.5 Mycotic aneurysms
1492(1)
89.6 Giant aneurysms
1493(1)
89.7 Cortical subarachnoid hemorrhage
1494(1)
89.8 SAH of unknown etiology
1494(2)
89.9 Pretruncal nonaneurysmal SAH (PNSAH)
1496(8)
Vascular Malformations
90 Vascular Malformations
1504(20)
90.1 Vascular malformations -- general information and classification
1504(1)
90.2 Arteriovenous malformation (AVM)
1504(8)
90.3 Developmental venous anomaly (DVA) (venous angioma)
1512(2)
90.4 Dural arteriovenous fistulae (DAVF)
1514(4)
90.5 Vein of Galen malformation
1518(1)
90.6 Carotid-cavernous fistula
1519(2)
90.7 Sigmoid sinus diverticulum
1521(3)
91 Angiographically Occult Vascular Malformations
1524(12)
91.1 General information
1524(1)
91.2 Osler-Weber-Rendu syndrome
1524(1)
91.3 Cavernous malformation
1525(11)
Stroke and Occlusive Cerebrovascular Disease
92 Stroke -- General Information and Physiology
1536(17)
92.1 Definitions
1536(1)
92.2 Cerebrovascular hemodynamics
1536(1)
92.3 Collateral circulation
1537(1)
92.4 "Occlusion" syndromes
1538(3)
92.5 Stroke in young adults
1541(2)
92.6 Atherosclerotic carotid artery disease
1543(10)
93 Evaluation and Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
1553(23)
93.1 Stroke management -- general information (time = brain)
1553(1)
93.2 Rapid initial evaluation/management
1553(1)
93.3 NIH stroke scale (NIHSS)
1554(2)
93.4 General management for acute ischemic stroke (AIS)
1556(3)
93.5 Imaging in acute ischemic stroke (AIS)
1559(3)
93.6 Management of TIA or stroke
1562(3)
93.7 Carotid endarterectomy
1565(6)
93.8 Carotid angioplasty/stenting
1571(5)
94 Cerebral Arterial Dissections and Moyamoya Disease
1576(11)
94.1 Cerebral Arterial Dissections
1576(5)
94.2 Moyamoya disease
1581(6)
95 Other Vascular Occlusive Conditions
1587(21)
95.1 Totally occluded internal carotid artery
1587(1)
95.2 Cerebellar infarction
1588(1)
95.3 Malignant middle cerebral artery territory infarction
1589(1)
95.4 Cardiogenic brain embolism
1590(1)
95.5 Vertebrobasilar insufficiency
1591(1)
95.6 Bow hunter's stroke
1592(2)
95.7 Cerebral venous thrombosis
1594(7)
95.8 Extracranial-intracranial (EC/IC) bypass
1601(7)
Intracerebral Hemorrhage
96 Intracerebral Hemorrhage in Older Adults
1608(22)
96.1 Intracerebral hemorrhage -- general information
1608(1)
96.2 Epidemiology
1608(1)
96.3 Locations of hemorrhage within the brain
1609(1)
96.4 Etiologies
1610(3)
96.5 Clinical
1613(2)
96.6 Evaluation
1615(4)
96.7 Initial management of ICH
1619(4)
96.8 Ventriculostomy (IVC) with ICH
1623(1)
96.9 Surgical treatment
1623(3)
96.10 Outcome
1626(4)
97 ICH in Young Adults and Pediatrics
1630(10)
97.1 ICH in young adults
1630(1)
97.2 Intracerebral hemorrhage in the newborn
1630(7)
97.3 Other causes of intracerebral hemorrhage in the newborn
1637(3)
Outcome Assessment
98 Outcome Assessment
1640(6)
98.1 Cancer
1640(1)
98.2 Head injury
1640(1)
98.3 Cerebrovascular events
1640(3)
98.4 Spinal cord injury
1643(3)
Differential Diagnosis
99 Differential Diagnosis by Location or Radiographic Finding -- Intracranial
1646(31)
99.1 Diagnoses covered outside this chapter
1646(1)
99.2 Posterior fossa lesions
1646(4)
99.3 Multiple intracranial lesions on CT or MRI
1650(1)
99.4 Ring-enhancing lesions on CT/MRI
1651(1)
99.5 White matter lesions
1652(1)
99.6 Sellar, suprasellar, and parasellar lesions
1653(3)
99.7 Intracranial cysts
1656(2)
99.8 Orbital lesions
1658(1)
99.9 Dural sinus lesions
1659(1)
99.10 Cavernous sinus lesions
1660(1)
99.11 Meckel's cave abnormalities
1660(1)
99.12 Skull lesions
1661(3)
99.13 Other abnormalities of the skull
1664(1)
99.14 Combined intracranial/extracranial lesions
1665(1)
99.15 Intracranial hyperdensities
1665(1)
99.16 Intracranial calcifications
1665(2)
99.17 Intraventricular lesions
1667(3)
99.18 Periventricular lesions
1670(1)
99.19 Meningeal thickening/enhancement
1670(1)
99.20 Ependymal and subependymal enhancement
1671(1)
99.21 Intraventricular hemorrhage
1671(1)
99.22 Medial temporal lobe lesions
1672(1)
99.23 Basal ganglion abnormalities
1673(1)
99.24 Thalamic lesions
1673(1)
99.25 Intranasal/intracranial lesions
1673(4)
100 Differential Diagnosis by Location or Radiographic Finding -- Spine
1677(6)
100.1 Diagnoses covered outside this chapter
1677(1)
100.2 Atlantoaxial subluxation
1677(1)
100.3 Abnormalities in vertebral bodies
1677(1)
100.4 Axis (C2) vertebra lesions
1678(1)
100.5 Mass posterior to the odontoid process
1678(1)
100.6 Pathologic fractures of the spine
1679(1)
100.7 Spinal epidural masses
1679(1)
100.8 Destructive lesions of the spine
1679(1)
100.9 Vertebral hyperostosis
1680(1)
100.10 Sacral lesions
1680(1)
100.11 Enhancing nerve roots
1681(1)
100.12 Nodular enhancing lesions in the spinal canal
1681(1)
100.13 Intraspinal cysts
1681(1)
100.14 Diffuse enhancement of nerve roots/cauda equina
1681(2)
101 Differential Diagnosis (DDx) by Signs and Symptoms -- Primarily Intracranial
1683(13)
101.1 Diagnoses covered outside this chapter
1683(1)
101.2 Encephalopathy
1683(1)
101.3 Syncope and apoplexy
1684(1)
101.4 Transient neurologic deficit
1685(1)
101.5 Ataxia/balance difficulties
1686(1)
101.6 Wide-based gait
1686(1)
101.7 Diplopia
1687(1)
101.8 Anosmia
1687(1)
101.9 Multiple cranial nerve palsies (cranial neuropathies)
1687(2)
101.10 Binocular blindness
1689(1)
101.11 Monocular blindness
1690(1)
101.12 Exophthalmos
1690(1)
101.13 Ptosis
1691(1)
101.14 Pathologic lid retraction
1691(1)
101.15 Macrocephaly
1691(2)
101.16 Tinnitus
1693(1)
101.17 Facial sensory changes
1694(1)
101.18 Language disturbance
1694(2)
102 Differential Diagnosis (DDx) by Signs and Symptoms -- Primarily Spine and Other
1696(20)
102.1 Diagnoses covered outside this chapter
1696(1)
102.2 Myelopathy
1696(4)
102.3 Sciatica
1700(2)
102.4 Acute paraplegia or quadriplegia
1702(1)
102.5 Hemiparesis or hemiplegia
1703(1)
102.6 Ascending paralysis
1704(1)
102.7 Descending paralysis
1704(1)
102.8 Low back pain
1704(2)
102.9 Foot drop
1706(3)
102.10 Weakness/atrophy of the hands/UEs
1709(1)
102.11 Radiculopathy, upper extremity (cervical)
1710(1)
102.12 Neck pain (cervical pain)
1710(1)
102.13 Burning hands/feet
1711(1)
102.14 Clove/stocking sensory disturbance
1711(1)
102.15 Muscle pain/tenderness
1712(1)
102.16 Lhermitte's sign
1712(1)
102.17 Swallowing difficulties
1712(4)
Procedures, Interventions, Operations
103 Intraoperative Dyes, O.R. Equipment, Surgical Hemostasis, and Bone Extenders
1716(12)
103.1 Introduction
1716(1)
103.2 Intraoperative dyes
1716(1)
103.3 Operating room equipment
1716(2)
103.4 Surgical hemostasis
1718(1)
103.5 Dural substitutes
1719(1)
103.6 Localizing levels in spine surgery
1719(2)
103.7 Bone graft
1721(7)
104 Craniotomies -- General Information and Cortical Mapping
1728(9)
104.1 Craniotomy -- general information
1728(3)
104.2 Intraoperative cortical mapping (brain mapping)
1731(6)
105 Posterior Fossa Craniotomies
1737(11)
105.1 Indications
1737(1)
105.2 Position
1737(3)
105.3 Paramedian suboccipital craniectomy
1740(2)
105.4 Midline suboccipital craniectomy
1742(2)
105.5 Extreme lateral posterior fossa approach
1744(1)
105.6 Cranioplasty for suboccipital craniectomy
1744(1)
105.7 Post-op considerations for p-fossa craniotomies
1744(4)
106 Supratentorial Craniotomies
1748(9)
106.1 Pterional craniotomy
1748(3)
106.2 Temporal craniotomy
1751(3)
106.3 Frontal craniotomy
1754(1)
106.4 Petrosal craniotomy
1755(1)
106.5 Occipital craniotomy
1756(1)
107 Approaches to the Lateral and Third Ventricles, Decompressive Craniectomies, and Cranioplasty
1757(14)
107.1 Approaches to the lateral ventricle
1757(1)
107.2 Approaches to the third ventricle
1757(5)
107.3 Interhemispheric approach
1762(1)
107.4 Cranioplasty
1762(3)
107.5 Decompressive craniectomy
1765(6)
108 Spine, Cervical
1771(19)
108.1 Anterior approaches to the cervical spine
1771(1)
108.2 Transoral approach to anterior craniocervical junction
1771(2)
108.3 Occipitocervical fusion
1773(2)
108.4 Anterior odontoid screw fixation (OSF)
1775(3)
108.5 Atlantoaxial fusion (C1--2 arthrodesis)
1778(5)
108.6 C2 screws
1783(4)
108.7 Anterior cervical vertebral body screw-plate fixation
1787(1)
108.8 Zero profile interbody devices
1788(2)
109 Spine, Thoracic and Lumbar
1790(21)
109.1 Anterior access to the thoracic spine
1790(1)
109.2 Thoracic pedicle screws
1791(4)
109.3 Uniform entry points for freehand pedicle screws
1795(1)
109.4 Anterior access to the lumbar spine
1795(1)
109.5 Instrumentation/fusion pearls for the lumbar and lumbosacral spine
1796(1)
109.6 Lumbosacral pedicle screws
1796(3)
109.7 Lumbar cortical bone trajectory screw fixation
1799(1)
109.8 Translaminar lumbar screw fixation
1800(1)
109.9 Posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF and TLIF)
1801(1)
109.10 Minimally invasive lateral retroperitoneal transpsoas interbody fusion
1802(3)
109.11 Transfacet pedicle screws
1805(1)
109.12 Facet fusion
1806(1)
109.13 S2 screws
1806(1)
109.14 Iliac fixation
1806(2)
109.15 Post-op clinic visits---lumbar and/or thoracic spine fusion
1808(3)
110 Miscellaneous Surgical Procedures
1811(27)
110.1 Percutaneous ventricular puncture
1811(1)
110.2 Percutaneous subdural tap
1811(1)
110.3 Lumbar puncture
1811(6)
110.4 Lumbar catheter CSF drainage
1817(2)
110.5 C1--2 puncture and cisternal tap
1819(1)
110.6 Ventricular catheterization
1820(5)
110.7 CSF diversionary procedures
1825(6)
110.8 Ventricular access device
1831(1)
110.9 Sural nerve biopsy
1832(2)
110.10 Nerve blocks
1834(1)
110.11 Multistranded cable for spine fusion
1835(3)
111 Functional Neurosurgery and Stereotactic Neurosurgery...
1838(19)
111.1 Introduction
1838(1)
111.2 Stereotactic surgery
1838(1)
111.3 Deep brain stimulation
1839(5)
111.4 Torticollis
1844(1)
111.5 Spasticity
1845(8)
111.6 Sympathectomy
1853(4)
112 Neurovascular Compression Syndromes
1857(20)
112.1 General information
1857(1)
112.2 Trigeminal neuralgia
1857(13)
112.3 Hemifacial spasm
1870(3)
112.4 Geniculate neuralgia
1873(1)
112.5 Disabling positional vertigo
1873(1)
112.6 Glossopharyngeal neuralgia
1873(1)
112.7 Superior laryngeal neuralgia
1874(3)
113 Pain Procedures
1877(12)
113.1 Prerequisites for pain procedures
1877(1)
113.2 Choice of pain procedure
1877(1)
113.3 Types of pain procedures
1877(1)
113.4 Cordotomy
1878(2)
113.5 Commissural myelotomy
1880(1)
113.6 CNS narcotic administration
1881(2)
113.7 Spinal cord stimulation (SCS)
1883(3)
113.8 Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
1886(1)
113.9 Dorsal root entry zone (DREZ) lesions
1886(3)
114 Seizure Surgery
1889(9)
114.1 Indications for seizure surgery
1889(1)
114.2 Definitions
1889(1)
114.3 Pre-surgical evaluation for seizure surgery
1890(1)
114.4 Surgical techniques
1891(1)
114.5 Surgical procedures
1892(1)
114.6 Risks of seizure surgery
1893(1)
114.7 Other ablation techniques
1894(1)
114.8 Postoperative management for seizure surgery (epilepsy surgery)
1894(1)
114.9 Outcome
1894(4)
115 Radiation Therapy (XRT)
1898(15)
115.1 Introduction
1898(1)
115.2 Conventional external beam radiation
1898(1)
115.3 Cranial radiation
1898(1)
115.4 Spinal radiation
1899(1)
115.5 Radiation injury and necrosis
1899(3)
115.6 Stereotactic radiosurgery and radiotherapy
1902(8)
115.7 Interstitial brachytherapy
1910(3)
116 Endovascular Intervention
1913(27)
116.1 Introduction
1913(1)
116.2 Indications/conditions treated
1913(1)
116.3 Contraindications
1913(1)
116.4 Risks of cerebral angiography
1913(1)
116.5 Miscellaneous angiography
1914(1)
116.6 Pharmacologic agents
1914(6)
116.7 Neuroendovascular procedure basics
1920(2)
116.8 Diagnostic angiography for cerebral subarachnoid hemorrhage
1922(1)
116.9 Disease-specific intervention
1922(18)
Index 1940