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El. knyga: Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants

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  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: IWA Publishing
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781780406312
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment PlantsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: PDF+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 15-Jan-2018
  • Leidėjas: IWA Publishing
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781780406312
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Advanced wastewater treatment processes and novel technologies are adopted to improve nutrient removal from wastewater so as to meet stringent discharge standards. Municipal wastewater treatment plants are one of the major contributors to the increase in the global greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and therefore it is necessary to carry out intensive studies on quantification, assessment and characterization of GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants, on the life cycle assessment from GHG emission prospective, and on the GHG mitigation strategies.

Greenhouse Gas Emission and Mitigation in Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plants summarises the recent development in studies of greenhouse gases (CH4 and N2O) generation and emission in municipal wastewater treatment plants. It introduces the concepts of direct emission and indirect emission, and the mechanisms of GHG generations in wastewater treatment plants processing units. The book explicitly describes the techniques used to quantify direct GHG emissions in wastewater treatment plants and the protocol used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) to estimate GHG emission due to wastewater treatment in the national GHG inventory. Finally, the book explains the life cycle assessment (LCA) methodology on GHG emissions in consideration of the energy and chemical usage in municipal wastewater treatment plants. In addition, the strategies to mitigate GHG emissions are discussed.

The book provides an overview for researchers, students, water professionals and policy makers on GHG emission and mitigation in municipal wastewater treatment plants and industrial wastewater treatment processes. It is a valuable resource for undergraduate and postgraduate students in the water, climate, and energy areas; for researchers in the relevant areas; and for professional reference by water professionals, government policy makers, and research institutes.
Preface ix
Chapter 1 Warming climate and greenhouse gases
1(16)
Xinmin Zhan
Guangxue Wu
Zhenhu Hu
1.1 Warming Climate
1(3)
1.2 Greenhouse Gases and Global Warming Potential
4(1)
1.3 Generation of CO2 in Wastewater Treatment Plants
5(2)
1.4 Generation of CH4 in Wastewater Treatment Plants
7(2)
1.5 N2O Generation in Wastewater Treatment Facilities
9(4)
1.5.1 N2O emission during nitrification
11(1)
1.5.2 N2O emission during denitrification
12(1)
1.6 Summary
13(1)
1.7 References
13(4)
Chapter 2 Greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment facilities
17(12)
Xinmin Zhan
2.1 Direct and Indirect GHG Emissions
17(2)
2.2 GHG Emission and Generation
19(1)
2.3 Emission Factors of GHG Emission
20(1)
2.4 Emissions of Dissolved Gas to the Atmosphere
21(3)
2.5 GHG Generation and Emission in WWTPs
24(2)
2.6 Summary
26(2)
2.7 References
28(1)
Chapter 3 IPCC framework for calculating greenhouse gas emissions from wastewater treatment
29(24)
Conor Dennehy
Xinmin Zhan
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Wastewater Treatment and Discharge
30(1)
3.3 IPCC Guidelines for the Estimation of National GHG Emissions of Wastewater Treatment
31(7)
3.3.1 CH4 emissions from domestic wastewater treatment
33(3)
3.3.2 CH4 emissions from industrial wastewater treatment
36(1)
3.3.3 N2O emissions
37(1)
3.4 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Biogas Utilization
38(2)
3.5 Greenhouse Gas Emissions from Sludge Disposal
40(6)
3.5.1 Land application
40(2)
3.5.2 Incineration
42(1)
3.5.3 Landfill
43(2)
3.5.4 Composting
45(1)
3.6 Uncertainty
46(4)
3.6.1 CH4 emissions from domestic wastewater
47(1)
3.6.2 CH4 emissions from industrial wastewater
48(1)
3.6.3 N2O emissions from wastewater treatment facilities
48(1)
3.6.4 Source of uncertainties
49(1)
3.7 Summary
50(1)
3.8 References
51(2)
Chapter 4 Measurement of direct greenhouse gas emissions in WWTPs
53(26)
Xinmin Zhan
4.1 Introduction
53(1)
4.2 Off-Gas Measurement
53(11)
4.2.1 Enclosed wastewater treatment facilities
54(2)
4.2.2 Off-gas measurement techniques for open aerated tanks
56(4)
4.2.3 Measurement of off-gas in non-aerated tanks
60(4)
4.3 Quantification of N2O Emission Through Measuring Dissolved N2O Concentration in the Liquid Phase
64(8)
4.3.1 N2O emission and generation
64(2)
4.3.2 Dissolved N2O measurement with the air stripping technique
66(1)
4.3.3 Dissolved N2O measurement using N2O sensor
67(4)
4.3.4 Estimation of KLa combining dissolved N2O concentration measurement and off-gas measurement
71(1)
4.4 Measurement of Dissolved Methane Concentration
72(3)
4.4.1 Headspace method
72(2)
4.4.2 Salting-out method
74(1)
4.5 Summary
75(1)
4.6 References
76(3)
Chapter 5 Methane emission and mitigation in municipal wastewater treatment plants
79(22)
Zhenhu Hu
Rui Tang
5.1 Introduction
79(1)
5.2 Methane Emission in WWTPs
79(11)
5.2.1 Total methane emission from municipal wastewater treatment plants
80(1)
5.2.2 A/O process WWTPs
80(2)
5.2.3 Sequencing batch reactor process WWTPs
82(2)
5.2.4 A2O process-based WWTPs
84(3)
5.2.5 Oxidation ditch process-based WWTPs
87(3)
5.3 Parameters Affecting Methane Emissions in WWTPs
90(3)
5.3.1 Effect of temperature and seasonal change
90(1)
5.3.2 Dissolved oxygen concentration
91(1)
5.3.3 COD concentration and effect of C/N ratio
92(1)
5.4 Methane Oxidation
93(2)
5.4.1 Aerobic methane oxidation
93(1)
5.4.2 Anaerobic methane oxidation
93(1)
5.4.3 Chemical oxidation of CH4
94(1)
5.5 Mitigation Strategies for Methane Emission in WWTPs
95(1)
5.5.1 Electricity generation from methane
95(1)
5.6 Summary
96(1)
5.7 References
97(4)
Chapter 6 N2O emission during biological nitrogen removal
101(26)
Guangxue Wu
Bo Li
Van Vang
6.1 Overview of Nitrogen Cycle
101(1)
6.2 Identification of N2O Emission Pathways In BNR
102(1)
6.3 Factors Affecting N2O Emission During Nitrification
102(4)
6.3.1 Dissolved oxygen
103(1)
6.3.2 NO2-
104(1)
6.3.3 pH
105(1)
6.4 Operating Factors Affecting N2O Emission During Denitrification
106(4)
6.4.1 Organic carbon (types and C/N ratios)
106(2)
6.4.2 NO2--N
108(1)
6.4.3 DO
109(1)
6.4.4 pH
109(1)
6.4.5 Cu
110(1)
6.5 N2O Emission from Different Biological Wastewater Treatment Processes
110(8)
6.5.1 Conventional biological nitrogen removal processes
110(2)
6.5.2 Multiple A/O processes
112(2)
6.5.3 Denitrifying polyphosphate accumulating processes
114(1)
6.5.4 High ammonium wastewater treatment processes
115(2)
6.5.5 N2O emission in autotrophic denitrification process
117(1)
6.6 Summary and Future Trends
118(2)
6.7 References
120(7)
Chapter 7 Life cycle assessment of a wastewater treatment plant
127(22)
William Finnegan
Guangxue Wu
Xinmin Zhan
7.1 Direct and Indirect GHG Emissions
127(1)
7.2 Life Cycle Assessment
128(1)
7.3 A Brief History of Life Cycle Assessment
129(1)
7.4 Stages of Life Cycle Assessment
129(4)
7.4.1 Goal and scope definition
129(1)
7.4.2 Life cycle inventory analysis
130(1)
7.4.3 Life cycle impact assessment
131(2)
7.4.4 Interpretation
133(1)
7.5 LCA of a WWTP
133(3)
7.6 Case Study: LCA of a Municipal WWTP in Kunming City, China
136(6)
7.6.1 Introduction
136(1)
7.6.2 Materials and methods
137(5)
7.7 Interpretation of Results and Discussion
142(3)
7.8 Summary
145(1)
7.9 References
146(3)
Index 149
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