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El. knyga: Ground Improvement Techniques

(Payame Noor University (PNUM), Mashhad, Iran), (Indian Institute of Technology (BHU), Varanasi, India), (University Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia), (Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia)
  • Formatas: 316 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Nov-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429017964
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 316 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Nov-2019
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780429017964
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This book provides a review of problems during design and construction on problematic soils. Design methods, site investigation, construction and analysis of the various improvement methods available are explained and discussed. Various regions may have different soils with geotechnical problems that differ from those faced in other regions. For example, in Southeast Asia, the common geotechnical problems are those associated with construction on soft clays and organic soils, while in the arid region of the Middle East, problems are generally associated with the desert soils. In the US, the problems are associated with organic soils, expansive and collapsing soils, and shale. Laterite and lateritic soils are especially problematic in Mexico. Similarly, in Europe, for example, the geotechnical problems are associated with loess (France), and organic soil (Germany). A detailed description of various methods of ground improvement has been provided in 11 chapters. Each chapter deals not only with a description of the method but also focuses on region-specific ground problems and suitable ground improvement techniques. Case studies have also been included. One general chapter is dedicated to site investigation, instrumentation, assessment and control. This book will be of value to students and professionals in the fields of civil and geotechnical engineering, as well as to soil scientists and engineering geologists.

1 Introduction
1(26)
1.1 Introduction
1(15)
1.2 Ground improvement techniques -- a brief introduction
16(11)
2 Earthworks and field compaction
27(12)
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 General principles of compaction
27(1)
2.3 Laboratory compaction test
28(1)
2.4 Field compaction
29(6)
2.4.1 Smooth wheel roller
29(1)
2.4.2 Pneumatic tired roller
29(1)
2.4.3 Sheep foot roller
30(1)
2.4.4 Grid roller
31(1)
2.4.5 Vibrating roller
31(4)
2.5 Field specification and control
35(4)
2.5.1 Sand replacement method
36(1)
2.5.2 Core cutter
36(1)
2.5.3 Rubber balloon method
36(2)
2.5.4 Nuclear density method
38(1)
References
38(1)
3 Vibro-flotation and dynamic compaction
39(32)
3.1 Introduction
39(1)
3.2 Vibro-flotation
39(8)
3.2.1 Design principle
40(2)
3.2.2 Construction method
42(3)
3.2.3 Correction for column compressibility
45(1)
3.2.4 Correction for overburden
46(1)
3.3 Miscellaneous techniques
47(3)
3.3.1 Geopiers
47(1)
3.3.2 Mortar sand rammed column (MSRC)
47(3)
3.4 Dynamic compaction
50(21)
3.4.1 Design
50(4)
3.4.2 Construction method
54(15)
References
69(2)
4 Replacement method, stage construction, preloading and drainage
71(42)
4.1 Replacement method (excavation and backfilling)
71(2)
4.1.1 Design
71(1)
4.1.2 Construction technique
72(1)
4.2 Stage construction
73(5)
4.2.1 Design and construction
74(4)
4.3 Preloading
78(6)
4.3.1 Surcharge
79(1)
4.3.2 Design and construction
79(2)
4.3.3 Vacuum preloading
81(3)
4.3.4 Design method
84(1)
4.3.5 Construction technique
84(1)
4.4 Drainage methods
84(29)
4.4.1 Consolidation process
85(2)
4.4.2 Vertical drainage method
87(3)
4.4.3 Design of vertical drainage system
90(6)
4.4.4 Technique for installation of vertical drains
96(2)
4.4.5 Horizontal drains
98(1)
4.4.6 Horizontal drain installation method
98(1)
4.4.7 Electro-osmosis
98(4)
4.4.8 Electro-osmosis treatment installation method
102(9)
References
111(2)
5 Fibers and geosynthetics
113(32)
5.1 Introduction
113(1)
5.2 Fiber-reinforced soil
114(4)
5.3 Geosynthetics
118(8)
5.3.1 Geotextiles
119(5)
5.3.2 Geogrids/netting
124(1)
5.3.3 Geocomposite
125(1)
5.3.4 Geocells
125(1)
5.4 Geosynthetics usage in civil engineering
126(10)
5.4.1 Separation
127(2)
5.4.2 Reinforcement
129(4)
5.4.3 Drainage
133(1)
5.4.4 Erosion control
134(2)
5.4.5 Liners
136(1)
5.5 Use of synthetic reinforcing fabric for construction of embankments on soft ground
136(1)
5.6 Factors influencing design of embankment reinforced with fabrics
137(1)
5.7 Design method
138(7)
5.7.1 Bearing capacity failure
138(2)
5.7.2 Internal stability
140(1)
5.7.3 Foundation stability
140(1)
5.7.4 Overall stability
141(1)
5.7.5 Design forces
141(4)
References
145(1)
6 Shallow stabilisation
145(16)
6.1 Introduction
147(1)
6.2 General principles of additive stabilisations
147(1)
6.3 Types of additives used in soil stabilisation
147(8)
6.3.1 Lime stabilisation
147(1)
6.3.2 Cement stabilisation
147(3)
6.3.3 Fly ash
150(1)
6.3.4 Polyurethane (PU)
151(4)
6.4 Modified cementitious stabilising agent
155(6)
References
160(1)
7 Deep stabilisation using chemical additives
161(14)
7.1 Introduction
161(1)
7.2 Deep mixing method (DMM)
161(3)
7.2.1 Shallow soil mixing (SSM)
162(1)
7.2.2 Cement deep mixing (CDM) system
162(2)
7.3 Lime columns
164(11)
7.3.1 The chemistry of lime treatment
164(1)
7.3.2 Design and calculation methods of bearing capacity of lime, lime-cement and cement columns
165(1)
7.3.3 Settlement prediction of lime, lime-cement and cement columns by Chai and Pongsivasathit (2010)
165(5)
7.3.4 Bearing capacity prediction of lime, lime-cement and cement columns
170(3)
References
173(2)
8 Lightweight fills
175(12)
8.1 Expanded polystyrene (EPS)
175(2)
8.2 Ultra-lightweight (bamboo culm-RPB) foundation
177(6)
8.2.1 Design example
178(5)
8.3 Other lightweight materials
183(4)
References
184(3)
9 Grouting
187(14)
9.1 Introduction
187(2)
9.1.1 Hydro fracture grouting
187(1)
9.1.2 Compaction grouting
187(1)
9.1.3 Permeation grouting
187(1)
9.1.4 Compensation grouting
187(1)
9.1.5 Jet grouting
188(1)
9.2 Chemical and cementation grouts
189(3)
9.2.1 Sodium silicate system
190(1)
9.2.2 Silicate chloride amide system and silicate aluminate amide system
190(1)
9.2.3 Aminoplasts
190(1)
9.2.4 Acrylamide
190(1)
9.2.5 Epoxy resins
191(1)
9.2.6 N--methylolacrylamide (NMA)
191(1)
9.2.7 Polyurethane
191(1)
9.2.8 Phenoplasts
191(1)
9.2.9 Lignosulfonates
192(1)
9.3 Decision on choosing the grout
192(9)
References
200(1)
10 Other techniques
201(38)
10.1 Ground freezing method
201(2)
10.2 Soil nail and micropiles
203(12)
10.3 Thermal precompression
215(1)
10.4 Alkaline-activated binders
215(8)
10.5 Carbonation
223(4)
10.6 Biogrouting
227(12)
References
236(3)
11 Site investigation, instrumentation, assessment and control
239(58)
11.1 Introduction
239(1)
11.2 Site investigation
239(21)
11.2.1 Stages of site investigation
240(2)
11.2.2 Sampling techniques
242(1)
11.2.3 Sampling equipment
243(12)
11.2.4 Site investigation report
255(5)
11.3 Investigation report and test methods
260(18)
11.3.1 Initial evaluation report
260(1)
11.3.2 Preliminary site investigation report
260(1)
11.3.3 Detailed site investigation
260(1)
11.3.4 Test methods
260(1)
11.3.5 Laboratory tests
260(5)
11.3.6 Cone penetration test (CPT and CPTu)
265(3)
11.3.7 Vane shear
268(2)
11.3.8 Pressure meter
270(1)
11.3.9 Plate loading test
271(2)
11.3.10 In situ permeability test
273(1)
11.3.11 Full-scale loading test
273(1)
11.3.12 JKRprobe
274(1)
11.3.13 Geophysical method
274(4)
11.4 Field instrumentation
278(14)
11.4.1 Pore pressures
279(1)
11.4.2 Observation well
279(1)
11.4.3 Open standpipe piezometer
279(1)
11.4.4 Double tube hydraulic piezometer
279(1)
11.4.5 Pneumatic piezometer
279(3)
11.4.6 Vibrating wire strain gauge piezometer
282(1)
11.4.7 Bonded electrical resistance piezometer
283(1)
11.4.8 Hydrostatic lag time
283(1)
11.4.9 Earth pressure
284(2)
11.4.10 Measurements of deformation
286(1)
11.4.11 Surveying method
286(1)
11.4.12 Portable deformation gauge
287(1)
11.4.13 Settlement markers
287(1)
11.4.14 Standpipe settlement gauge
288(2)
11.4.15 Heave gauge
290(1)
11.4.16 Liquid level system
290(2)
11.4.17 Inclinometer
292(1)
11.4.18 Soil strain gauge
292(1)
11.4.19 Fiber-optic sensors
292(1)
11.5 Choice of instruments
292(2)
11.6 Assessment and control
294(3)
References 297(2)
Index 299
Bujang B.K. Huat graduated from the Polytechnic of Central London, UK in 1983, and obtained his MSc and PhD at the Imperial College London and the Victoria University Manchester, UK in 1986 and 1991 respectively. He has spent his professional career as a Professor in Geotechnical Engineering, at the Department of Civil Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, one of Malaysias five research universities. Currently he serves as the Director of Bintulu Sarawak Campus of the same university. His special area of interest is in the field of geotechnical and geological engineering, especially peat, and slope engineering; he has authored and co-authored 18 books, edited ten conference proceedings, and published more than 100 journal and conference proceedings papers in the field of soil mechanics and foundation engineering.

Arun Prasad is Professor of Geotechnical Engineering at the Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), India. He graduated with a B.Sc. in Civil Engineering in 1986 from Utkal University, India, and obtained his M.Sc. and Ph.D. from Sambalpur University and Devi Ahilya University, India in 1989 and 2000 respectively. He worked as Post-Doctoral Researcher at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) during 200910. He has also worked as Visiting Research Scientist at Nanyang Technological University (NTU), Singapore for one year during 2014-15. His special area of research is the soil stabilization of soils and unsaturated soil mechanics. He has co-authored three books and co-edited a book in the field of Geotechnical Engineering, and has published more than 60 papers in journals and conference proceedings.

Sina Kazemian is Associate Professor at the Civil Engineering department of Payame Noor University (PNU), I.R. of Iran and Adjunct Associate Professor at Curtin University, Australia. He obtained his PhD (with distinction) in Geotechnical and Geological Engineering from Universit Putra Malaysia (UPM) and achieved recognition of excellence during his PhD viva; his name was inscribed in the 'Hall of Fame at UPM. To date he has co-authored three books and has published more than 100 papers in reputed journals and conference proceedings. He has moved seamlessly between industry and academia, he loves teaching, but he also loves the challenges of real-life geotechnical practice and he is exceptionally well at both. He is fellow member board, Iranian construction engineering organization, registered professional engineer of professional Australia (RPEng _Geotech), and registered professional engineer of Queensland, Australia (RPEQ) as well.

Vivi Anggraini has a B.Eng (Hons) in Civil Engineering, M.Eng in Geotechnical Engineering and P.hD in Geotechical and Geological Engineering. She is a full-time teaching and research staff at the Monash University (Malaysia campus), She is a registered professional engineer (P.Eng) and member of EIAust. She has been conducting research in the area "Soil reinforcement, geo-materials, soil science, sustainable soil liners and ground improvement". Her experience includes projects in Indonesia, Malaysia and Australia for both private sector and government clients. She is an executive member of International Geosynthetic Society Malaysian Chapter (MyIGS). She is the recipient of Monash University grants and Ministry of higher Education Malaysia grants. She is a technical advisor at the G&P Geotechnics Sdn Bhd.