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PART I INTRODUCTION AND ORGANIZATION |
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1 Overview, Goals of Longitudinal Research, and Historical Developments |
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3 | (11) |
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3 | (1) |
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Five Rationales for Longitudinal Research |
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4 | (2) |
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Historical Development of Growth Models |
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6 | (5) |
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Modeling Frameworks and Programs |
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11 | (3) |
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2 Practical Preliminaries: Things to Do before Fitting Growth Models |
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14 | (31) |
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15 | (5) |
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20 | (4) |
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24 | (5) |
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26 | (3) |
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29 | (4) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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33 | (5) |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (2) |
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41 | (4) |
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PART II THE LINEAR GROWTH MODEL AND ITS EXTENSIONS |
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45 | (30) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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47 | (2) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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49 | (9) |
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49 | (4) |
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53 | (2) |
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Predicted Trajectories and Residuals |
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55 | (3) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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58 | (4) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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62 | (11) |
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63 | (5) |
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68 | (4) |
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Predicted Trajectories and Residuals |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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4 Continuous Time Metrics |
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75 | (18) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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76 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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77 | (4) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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81 | (2) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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83 | (5) |
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Definition Variable Approach |
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83 | (4) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (3) |
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91 | (2) |
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5 Linear Growth Models with Time-Invariant Covariates |
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93 | (21) |
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Multilevel Model Framework |
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94 | (2) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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96 | (6) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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102 | (2) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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104 | (6) |
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110 | (3) |
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110 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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Standardized Coefficients |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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6 Multiple-Group Growth Modeling |
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114 | (23) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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115 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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116 | (7) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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123 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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124 | (9) |
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133 | (2) |
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133 | (1) |
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Ordering of Model Comparisons |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (2) |
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7 Growth Mixture Modeling |
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137 | (28) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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140 | (2) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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142 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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142 | (3) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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145 | (11) |
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Model Fit, Model Comparison, and Class Enumeration |
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156 | (5) |
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161 | (3) |
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Approaching Growth Mixture Models |
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161 | (1) |
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Pitfalls in Growth Mixture Modeling |
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162 | (2) |
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164 | (1) |
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8 Multivariate Growth Models and Dynamic Predictors |
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165 | (36) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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166 | (3) |
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Multivariate Growth Model |
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166 | (2) |
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Time-Varying Covariate Model |
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168 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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169 | (10) |
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Multivariate Growth Model |
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169 | (6) |
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Time-Varying Covariate Model |
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175 | (4) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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179 | (5) |
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Multivariate Growth Model |
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179 | (3) |
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Time-Varying Covariate Model |
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182 | (2) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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184 | (12) |
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Multivariate Growth Model |
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184 | (5) |
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Time-Varying Covariate Model |
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189 | (7) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (1) |
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197 | (4) |
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PART III NONLINEARITY IN GROWTH MODELING |
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9 Introduction to Nonlinearity |
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201 | (6) |
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Organization for Nonlinear Change Models |
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203 | (3) |
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206 | (1) |
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10 Growth Models with Nonlinearity in Time |
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207 | (27) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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207 | (4) |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (2) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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211 | (9) |
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212 | (4) |
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216 | (4) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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220 | (3) |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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223 | (8) |
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223 | (4) |
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227 | (4) |
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231 | (2) |
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Variations of Models Presented |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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11 Growth Models with Nonlinearity in Parameters |
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234 | (41) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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235 | (3) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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235 | (2) |
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Latent Basis Growth Mode! |
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237 | (1) |
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Spline Growth Models with Estimated Knot Points |
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238 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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238 | (13) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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238 | (4) |
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Latent Basis Growth Model |
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242 | (5) |
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Spline Growth Mode! with Estimated Knot Point |
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247 | (4) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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251 | (5) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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252 | (1) |
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Latent Basis Growth Model |
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253 | (2) |
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Spline Growth Model with Estimated Knot Point |
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255 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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256 | (14) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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256 | (5) |
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Latent Basis Growth Model |
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261 | (4) |
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Spline Growth Model with Estimated Knot Point |
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265 | (5) |
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270 | (4) |
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Individually Varying Measurement Schedules |
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273 | (1) |
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Covariates, Multiple Groups, and Mixtures |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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12 Growth Models with Nonlinearity in Random Coefficients |
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275 | (34) |
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Multilevel Modeling Framework |
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276 | (3) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Mode! |
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276 | (2) |
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Bilinear Spline Growth Model with Variability in the Knot Point |
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278 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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279 | (15) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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279 | (7) |
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Bilinear Spline Growth Model with Variation in the Knot Point |
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286 | (8) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Framework |
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294 | (4) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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295 | (1) |
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Spline Growth Model with Variation in the Knot Point |
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296 | (2) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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298 | (6) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Model |
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298 | (6) |
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304 | (1) |
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305 | (4) |
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PART IV MODELING CHANGE WITH LATENT ENTITIES |
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13 Modeling Change with Ordinal Outcomes |
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309 | (34) |
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309 | (5) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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317 | (23) |
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Growth Model with a Dichotomous Outcome |
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317 | (6) |
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Growth Model with a Polytomous Outcome |
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323 | (6) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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329 | (1) |
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Growth Model with a Dichotomous Outcome |
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330 | (5) |
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Growth Model with a Polytomous Outcome |
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335 | (5) |
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340 | (2) |
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342 | (1) |
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14 Modeling Change with Latent Variables Measured by Continuous Indicators |
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343 | (26) |
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344 | (2) |
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345 | (1) |
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Factorial Invariance over Time |
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346 | (5) |
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Testing Factorial Invariance with Longitudinal Data |
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348 | (3) |
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Second-Order Growth Model |
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351 | (1) |
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352 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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353 | (14) |
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Longitudinal Common Factor Model |
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353 | (8) |
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Second-Order Growth Model |
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361 | (6) |
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367 | (1) |
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368 | (1) |
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15 Modeling Change with Latent Variables Measured by Ordinal Indicators |
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369 | (34) |
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370 | (10) |
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Dichotomous Response Models |
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370 | (3) |
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Polytomous Item Response Models |
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373 | (4) |
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Measurement Invariance in Item Response Models |
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377 | (3) |
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Second-Order Growth Model |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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381 | (16) |
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Longitudinal Item Factor Model |
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381 | (8) |
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Second-Order Growth Model |
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389 | (8) |
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397 | (2) |
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399 | (4) |
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PART V LATENT CHANGE SCORES AS A FRAMEWORK FOR STUDYING CHANGE |
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16 Introduction to Latent Change Score Modeling |
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403 | (19) |
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General Model Specification |
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404 | (2) |
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406 | (4) |
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Commonly Specified Growth Models |
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406 | (3) |
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Expansion 1 Dynamic Noise |
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409 | (1) |
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Expansion 2 Dynamic Effects |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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411 | (8) |
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411 | (8) |
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419 | (1) |
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419 | (1) |
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Alternative Specification |
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420 | (1) |
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420 | (2) |
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17 Multivariate Latent Change Score Models |
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422 | (23) |
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Autoregressive Cross-Lag Model |
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422 | (2) |
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Multivariate Growth Model |
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424 | (2) |
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Multivariate Latent Change Score Model |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (1) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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428 | (14) |
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Full Coupling Dual Change Model |
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428 | (14) |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (2) |
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444 | (1) |
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18 Rate-of-Change Estimates in Nonlinear Growth Models |
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445 | (32) |
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445 | (2) |
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Latent Change Score Models |
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447 | (1) |
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448 | (1) |
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Multilevel Modeling Implementation |
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449 | (7) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Rate Model |
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449 | (7) |
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Structural Equation Modeling Implementation |
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456 | (19) |
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Jenss--Bayley Growth Rate Model |
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456 | (6) |
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Jenss--Bayley Latent Change Model |
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462 | (13) |
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475 | (2) |
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Appendix A A Brief Introduction to Multilevel Modeling |
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477 | (16) |
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479 | (13) |
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480 | (1) |
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Inclusion of Level-1 Predictor |
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481 | (5) |
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Inclusion of Level-2 Predictor |
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486 | (6) |
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Multilevel Modeling and Longitudinal Data |
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492 | (1) |
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Appendix B A Brief Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling |
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493 | (12) |
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496 | (6) |
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Structural Equation Modeling and Longitudinal Data |
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502 | (3) |
References |
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505 | (12) |
Author Index |
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517 | (4) |
Subject Index |
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521 | (16) |
About the Authors |
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537 | |