Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

El. knyga: Guidelines for Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: A Life Cycle Approach

2.67/5 (5 ratings by Goodreads)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 16-Oct-2019
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-AIChE
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119529224
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Guidelines for Inherently Safer Chemical Processes: A Life Cycle ApproachDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 16-Oct-2019
  • Leidėjas: Wiley-AIChE
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119529224
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

DRM apribojimai

  • Kopijuoti:

    neleidžiama

  • Spausdinti:

    neleidžiama

  • El. knygos naudojimas:

    Skaitmeninių teisių valdymas (DRM)
    Leidykla pateikė šią knygą šifruota forma, o tai reiškia, kad norint ją atrakinti ir perskaityti reikia įdiegti nemokamą programinę įrangą. Norint skaityti šią el. knygą, turite susikurti Adobe ID . Daugiau informacijos  čia. El. knygą galima atsisiųsti į 6 įrenginius (vienas vartotojas su tuo pačiu Adobe ID).

    Reikalinga programinė įranga
    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą mobiliajame įrenginyje (telefone ar planšetiniame kompiuteryje), turite įdiegti šią nemokamą programėlę: PocketBook Reader (iOS / Android)

    Norint skaityti šią el. knygą asmeniniame arba „Mac“ kompiuteryje, Jums reikalinga  Adobe Digital Editions “ (tai nemokama programa, specialiai sukurta el. knygoms. Tai nėra tas pats, kas „Adobe Reader“, kurią tikriausiai jau turite savo kompiuteryje.)

    Negalite skaityti šios el. knygos naudodami „Amazon Kindle“.

Since the publication of the second edition several United States jurisdictions have mandated consideration of inherently safer design for certain facilities.  Notable examples are the inherently safer technology (IST) review requirement in the New Jersey Toxic Chemical Prevention Act (TCPA), and the Inherently Safer Systems Analysis (ISSA) required by the Contra Costa County (California) Industrial Safety Ordinance.  More recently, similar requirements have been proposed at the U.S. Federal level in the pending EPA Risk Management Plan (RMP) revisions.  Since the concept of inherently safer design applies globally, with its origins in the United Kingdom, the book will apply globally.

The new edition builds on the same philosophy as the first two editions, but further clarifies the concept with recent research, practitioner observations, added examples and industry methods, and discussions of security and regulatory issues. Inherently Safer Chemical Processes presents a holistic approach to making the development, manufacture, and use of chemicals safer. The main goal of this book is to help guide the future state of chemical process evolution by illustrating and emphasizing the merits of integrating inherently safer design process-related research, development, and design into a comprehensive process that balances safety, capital, and environmental concerns throughout the life cycle of the process.

It discusses strategies of how to: substitute more benign chemicals at the development stage, minimize risk in the transportation of chemicals, use safer processing methods at the manufacturing stage, and decommission a manufacturing plant so that what is left behind does not endanger the public or environment.

Preface vii
Acknowledgements ix
Figures
xxiii
Tables
xxvi
1 Introduction
1(11)
1.1 Objectives, Intended Audience, and Scope of this Book
1(1)
1.1.1 Objectives
1(1)
1.1.2 Intended Audience
2(1)
1.1.3 Scope
2(1)
1.2 Integration of this Guidance with Other CCPS Guidance
2(1)
1.3 Organization of this Book
3(1)
1.4 History of Inherent Safety
4(5)
1.5 References
9(3)
2 The Concept of Inherent Safety
12(32)
2.1 Inherent Safety and Process Risk Management
12(3)
2.2 Inherent Safety Defined
15(1)
2.3 Shared characteristics
16(2)
2.4 Inherently Safer Strategies
18(4)
2.5 Inherent safety throughout the process Life cycle
22(2)
2.6 Inherently Safer Approaches
24(6)
2.6.1 Orders of Inherent Safety
27(3)
2.7 Layers of Protection
30(2)
2.8 Integrating Inherent Safety in Process Risk Management Systems
32(8)
2.9 Summary
40(1)
2.10 References
40(4)
3 Minimize - An Inherently Safer Strategy
44(20)
3.1 Minimize
44(3)
3.2 Reactors
47(1)
3.3 Continuous Stirred Tank Reactors
48(1)
3.4 Tubular Reactors
49(1)
3.5 Loop Reactors
49(2)
3.6 Reactive Distillation
51(3)
3.7 Storage of Hazardous Materials
54(3)
3.8 Process Piping
57(1)
3.9 Process Equipment
58(2)
3.10 Limitation of Effects
60(1)
3.11 References
61(3)
4 Substitute - An Inherently Safer Strategy
64(23)
4.1 Reaction Chemistry
64(8)
4.2 Green Chemistry
72(1)
4.3 Solvents
73(2)
4.4 Refrigerants
75(1)
4.5 Firefighting Agents
76(1)
4.6 Heat Transfer Media
76(1)
4.7 Informed Substitution
77(6)
4.8 References
83(4)
5 Moderate - An Inherently Safer Strategy
87(16)
5.1 Dilution
87(1)
5.2 Refrigeration
88(3)
5.3 Less Energetic Process Conditions
91(3)
5.4 Secondary Containment - Dikes and Containment Buildings
94(4)
5.5 Segregation
98(2)
5.6 References
100(3)
6 Simplify - An Inherently Safer Strategy
103(23)
6.1 Leaving Things Out
104(1)
6.2 Eliminating Unnecessary Spares
105(2)
6.3 Inherently Robust Process Equipment
107(3)
6.4 Preventing Runaway Reactions
110(3)
6.5 Simplifying Heat Transfer
113(1)
6.6 Simplifying Liquid Transfer
114(2)
6.7 Reactor Geometry
116(1)
6.8 Optimizing Catalyst Selectivity
116(1)
6.9 Separation of Process Steps
116(3)
6.10 Limitation of Available Energy
119(1)
6.11 Simplification of the Human-Machine Interface
120(4)
6.11.1 Overview
120(1)
6.11.2 Equipment Layout, Accessibility, and Operability
121(1)
6.11.3 Maintainability
121(2)
6.11.4 Error Prevention
123(1)
6.11.5 Design of Equipment and Controls - Making Status Clearl
123(1)
6.12 Summary
124(1)
6.13 References
124(2)
7 Applying Inherent Safety Strategies to Protection Layers
126(10)
7.1 Operating Procedures
128(1)
7.2 Maintenance Procedures
129(1)
7.3 Relocation
129(1)
7.4 Containment
130(1)
7.5 More Robust Process Equipment and Design
131(1)
7.6 Simplified Process Equipment and Design
132(1)
7.7 Distributed Control Systems
133(1)
7.8 Summary
134(1)
7.9 References
134(2)
8 Life Cycle Stages
136(76)
8.1 General Principles Across All Life cycle Stages
136(1)
8.2 Concept
137(2)
8.3 Research
139(20)
8.3.1 Inherently Safer Synthesis
141(1)
8.3.2 Types of Hazards Associated with Research
142(6)
8.3.3 Hazards Identification Methods
148(11)
8.4 Design Development
159(10)
8.4.1 Unit Operations - General
160(1)
8.4.2 Unit Operations-Specific
161(8)
8.5 Detailed Engineering Design
169(14)
8.5.1 Process Design Basis
170(1)
8.5.2 Equipment
171(4)
8.5.3 Process Controls
175(4)
8.5.4 Utility & Supporting Systems
179(1)
8.5.5 Batch Processes
180(2)
8.5.6 Other Design Considerations
182(1)
8.6 Procurement, Construction, and Commissioning
183(2)
8.7 Operations & Maintenance
185(6)
8.7.1 Preservation of Inherent Safety
185(2)
8.7.2 Inherent Safety-Continuous Improvement
187(4)
8.8 Change Management
191(1)
8.9 Decommissioning
192(3)
8.10 Transportation
195(8)
8.10.1 Location Relative to Raw Materials
197(1)
8.10.2 Shipping Conditions
198(1)
8.10.3 Transportation Mode and Route Selection
199(1)
8.10.4 Improved Transportation Containers
200(1)
8.10.5 Administrative Controls
201(1)
8.10.6 Management of Transportation Containers On-site
202(1)
8.11 References
203(9)
9 Inherent Safety and Security
212(18)
9.1 Introduction
212(1)
9.2 Chemical Security Risk
213(4)
9.3 Security Strategies
217(2)
9.4 Countermeasures
219(1)
9.5 Assessing Security Vulnerabilities
220(1)
9.6 Inherent Safety and Chemical Security
221(5)
9.7 Limitations to Implementing IS Concepts in Security Management
226(2)
9.8 Conclusion
228(1)
9.9 References
229(1)
10 Implementing Inherently Safer Design
230(38)
10.1 Introduction
230(1)
10.2 Management System Approach for IS
231(1)
10.3 Education and awareness
232(9)
10.3.1 Making IS a Corporate Philosophy
232(1)
10.3.2 IS in Education
233(1)
10.4 Organizational culture
234(1)
10.4.1 Multiple Demands of IS in the PSM program
235(1)
10.4.2 Incorporating IS into Normal Design Process
236(5)
10.5 Inherent Safety Reviews
241(15)
10.5.1 Inherent Safety Review Objectives
242(1)
10.5.2 Good Preparation is Required for Effective Inherent Safety Reviews
243(1)
10.5.3 Inherent Safety Review Timing
244(2)
10.5.4 Inherent Safety Review Team Composition
246(1)
10.5.5 Inherent Safety Review Process Overview
246(4)
10.5.6 Focus of Inherent Safety Reviews at Different Stages
250(2)
10.5.7 Stage in the Process Life Cycle
252(4)
10.6 Reactive Chemicals Screening
256(2)
10.7 Inherent Safety Review Training
258(2)
10.8 Documentation of the Inherently Safer Design Features of a Process
260(4)
10.8.1 IS Review Documentation
261(2)
10.8.2 Time Required for an Inherent Safety Review
263(1)
10.9 Summary
264(1)
10.10 References
265(3)
11 Inherent Safety & the Elements of a RBPS Program
268(34)
11.1 Process Safety Culture
270(1)
11.2 Compliance with Standards
271(1)
11.3 Workforce Involvement
272(1)
11.4 Process Knowledge Management
272(1)
11.5 Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis
273(7)
11.6 Safe Work Practices
280(2)
11.7 Asset Integrity and Reliability
282(2)
11.8 Contractor Management
284(1)
11.9 Training and Performance Assurance / Process Safety Competency
285(1)
11.10 Management of Change / Operational Readiness
286(4)
11.11 Conduct of Operations/Operating Procedures
290(7)
11.11.1 Minimization
291(3)
11.11.2 Simplification
294(2)
11.12 Emergency Management
296(1)
11.13 Incident Investigation
297(1)
11.14 Measurements and Metrics/Auditing/Management Review and Continuous Improvement
297(2)
11.15 Summary
299(1)
11.16 References
299(3)
12 Tools for IS Implementation
302(18)
12.1 IS Review Methods - Overview
302(15)
12.1.1 Three Approaches
302(1)
12.1.2 Formal IS Reviews
303(1)
12.1.3 IS Review Methods
304(1)
12.1.4 Research & Development Application
304(1)
12.1.5 PHA - Incorporation into HAZOP or other PHA Techniques
305(2)
12.1.6 "What-lf?" Method
307(1)
12.1.7 Checklist Method
308(3)
12.1.8 Consequence-Based Methods
311(1)
12.1.9 Other Methods
312(5)
12.2 Summary
317(1)
12.3 References
318(2)
13 Inherently Safer Design Conflicts
320(30)
13.1 Introduction
320(4)
13.2 Examples of inherent safety conflicts
324(8)
13.2.1 Continuous vs. batch reactor
324(3)
13.2.2 Reduced toxicity vs. reactive hazard
327(1)
13.2.3 Reduced inventory vs. dynamic stability
328(1)
13.2.4 Risk transfer vs. risk reduction
329(2)
13.2.5 Inherent safety and security conflicts
331(1)
13.3 Inherent safety-Environmental Hazards
332(1)
13.3.1 PCBs
332(1)
13.3.2 CFCs
332(1)
13.4 Inherent Safety and Health Conflicts
333(1)
13.4.1 Water Disinfection
333(1)
13.5 Inherent safety and economic conflicts
334(3)
13.5.1 Existing plants - operational vs. re-investment economics in a capital-intensive industry
334(2)
13.5.2 Often more economical, but not necessarily
336(1)
13.6 Tools for understanding and resolving conflicts
337(6)
13.6.1 Tools for understanding and resolving conflicts
339(4)
13.7 Measuring inherent safety characteristics
343(3)
13.7.1 Dow Fire and Explosion Index
344(1)
13.7.2 Dow Chemical Exposure Index
344(1)
13.7.3 Mond Index
344(1)
13.7.4 Proposed Inherent Safety indices
345(1)
13.8 Summary
346(1)
13.9 References
347(3)
14 Inherent Safety Regulatory Initiatives
350(38)
14.1 Inherent Safety Regulatory Developments and Issues
350(1)
14.2 Experience with Inherent Safety Provisions in United States Regulations
351(31)
14.2.1 Inherently Safer Regulatory Requirements - Contra Costa County, California, USA
352(18)
14.2.2 New Jersey Toxic Catastrophe Prevention Act (TCPA) and Prescriptive Order for Chemical Plant Security
370(8)
14.2.3 Inherently Safer Systems Requirements - California Accidental Release Prevention (CalARP) Regulations
378(2)
14.2.4 Safer Technology & Alternatives Analysis - Revised US EPA Risk Management Program (RMP) Rule
380(2)
14.3 Issues in Regulating Inherent Safety
382(3)
14.3.1 Consistent Understanding of Inherent Safety
383(1)
14.3.2 Needed Tools
384(1)
14.4 Summary
385(1)
14.5 References
386(2)
15 Worked Examples and Case Studies
388(45)
15.1 Introduction
388(1)
15.2 Application of an Inherent Safety Strategic Approach to a Process
388(6)
15.3 Case studies from carrithers
394(17)
15.3.1 An Exothermic Batch Reaction
395(3)
15.3.2 Refrigeration of Monomethylamine
398(1)
15.3.3 Elimination of a Chlorine Water Treatment System
399(1)
15.3.4 Reduction of Chlorine Transfer Line Size
400(1)
15.3.5 Substitution of Aqueous Ammonia For Anhydrous Ammonia
400(3)
15.3.6 Limitation of Magnitude of Deviations for Aqueous Ammonia
403(5)
15.3.7 A Vessel Entry Example
408(3)
15.4 Process Route Selection - Early R&D Example
411(1)
15.5 Example of an Inherently Safer Study of a Steam Production Facility
412(7)
15.5.1 Facility Description
412(1)
15.5.2 Initial Design Proposal (Liquid Anhydrous Ammonia)
412(1)
15.5.3 Aqueous Ammonia Design Proposal
413(2)
15.5.4 Final Round of Option Selection
415(1)
15.5.5 Consequence Analysis
416(1)
15.5.6 Conclusion and Action
417(2)
15.5.7 Conclusion
419(1)
15.6 Case Study: Bhopal
419(3)
15.6.1 Minimization
420(1)
15.6.2 Substitution
420(1)
15.6.3 Moderation
420(1)
15.6.4 Simplification
421(1)
15.7 Example: Inherently Safer Process for Production of Trialkyl Phosphate Esters
421(1)
15.8 Summaries in brief: Examples by IS Strategy
422(8)
15.8.1 Minimize
423(2)
15.8.2 Substitute
425(2)
15.8.3 Moderate
427(2)
15.8.4 Simplify
429(1)
15.9 Additional literature giving examples of inherently Safer Operations
430(1)
15.10 References
431(2)
16 Future Initiatives
433(9)
16.1 Incorporating Inherently Safer Design into Process Safety Management
433(1)
16.2 Encouraging Invention within the Chemical and Chemical Engineering Community
434(1)
16.3 Including Inherent Safety into the Education of Chemists and Chemical Engineers
434(1)
16.4 Developing Inherently Safer Design Databases and Libraries
434(1)
16.5 Developing Tools to Apply Inherently Safer Design
435(4)
16.5.1 The Broad View and Life Cycle Cost of Alternatives
435(1)
16.5.2 Benefits of Reliability Analysis
436(1)
16.5.3 Potential Energy
436(1)
16.5.4 A Table of Distances and Consequence/Risk-Based Siting
437(1)
16.5.5 Quantitative Measures of Inherent Safety
437(1)
16.5.6 Other Suggestions
438(1)
16.6 References
439(3)
Appendix A Inherently Safer Technology (1ST) Checklist
442(13)
A.1 IST Checklist Procedure
442(2)
A.2 IST Checklist Questions
444(11)
Appendix B Inherent Safety Analysis Approaches
455(14)
B.1 Inherent Safety Analysis - Guided Checklist Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
459(5)
B.2 Inherent Safety Analysis - Independent Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
464(3)
B.3 Inherent Safety Analysis - Integral to Process Hazard Analysis (PHA)
467(2)
Glossary 469(28)
Index 497
The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) was founded in 1985 to develop technology and management practices that mitigate or eliminate process safety incidents in the chemical and petrochemical industries. Since that time, CCPS has published more than 100 books and held dozens of international conferences, each representing the most advanced thinking in process safety. CCPS is supported by the contributions and voluntary participation of more than 200 companies globally. CCPS is also the world's largest provider of undergraduate engineering curriculum materials through its SAChE program, with more than 160 universities participating from around the world.
Daugiau apie elektronines knygas Daugiau apie elektronines knygas
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/97811195292246e.html
Raktažodžiai: