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El. knyga: Gulf War and Health: Volume 5: Infectious Diseases

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  • Formatas: 238 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Dec-2006
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309657068
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Gulf War and Health: Volume 5: Infectious DiseasesDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 238 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 22-Dec-2006
  • Leidėjas: National Academies Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309657068
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Infectious diseases have been a problem for military personnel throughout history. The consequences in previous conflicts have ranged from frequent illnesses disrupting daily activities and readiness to widespread deaths. Preventive measures, early diagnosis, and treatment greatly limit the exposures and acute illnesses of troops today in comparison with those in armies of the past, but infections and consequent acute illnesses still occur.





Thousands of US veterans of the Persian Gulf War have reported an array of unexplained illnesses since the war ended in 1991. Many veterans have believed that the illnesses were associated with their military service in southwest Asia during the war. This volume of Gulf War and Health evaluates the scientific literature on chemical, biologic, and physical agents to which military personnel in the gulf were potentially exposed and possible long-term adverse health outcomes.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Summary 1 Introduction 2 Methodology 3 Infectious Diseseases Endemic to Southwest and South-central Asia the have Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes 4 Infectious Diseases Diagnosed in U.S. Troops Who Served in the Persian Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, or Operation Iraqi Freedom 5 Levels of Association Between Select Diseases and Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes 6 Diseases and Agents of Special Concern to Veterans of the Gulf War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom A Biographical Sketches for Members of the Committee Index
Summary 1(1)
Methodology
1(3)
Identifying the Pathogens to Study
2(1)
Development of Conclusions
3(1)
Summary of Conclusions
4(3)
Sufficient Evidence of a Causal Relationship
4(1)
Sufficient Evidence of an Association
5(1)
Limited or Suggestive Evidence of an Association
6(1)
Inadequate or Insufficient Evidence to Determine Whether an Association Exists
6(1)
Limited or Suggestive Evidence of No Association
7(1)
Department of Defense Policies on Tuberculin Skin Testing and Predeployment and Postdeployment Serum Collection
7(2)
Introduction
9(10)
Identifying the Infectious Diseases to Study
13(2)
The Committee's Approach to Its Charge
15(1)
Organization of the Report
16(1)
References
16(3)
Methodology
19(16)
Identifying the Infectious Diseases to Study
19(10)
Geographic Boundaries
19(1)
Infectious Diseases Endemic to Southwest and South-Central Asia That Have Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
20(4)
Direct Attribution to Military Service in Southwest and South-Central Asia
24(3)
Timing of Appearance of Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
27(1)
The Infectious Diseases to Be Studied for Strength of Association with Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
27(1)
Comments on Diseases and Agents of Special Interest to Gulf War, OEF, and OIF Veterans
28(1)
Review and Evaluation of the Literature
29(1)
Selection of the Literature
29(1)
Amassing the Literature
29(1)
Reviewing the Literature
29(1)
Categories of Strength of Association
30(1)
Origin and Evolution of the Categories
30(1)
Sufficient Evidence of a Causal Relationship
30(1)
Sufficient Evidence of an Association
31(1)
Limited or Suggestive Evidence of an Association
31(1)
Inadequate or Insufficient Evidence to Determine Whether an Association Exists
31(1)
Limited or Suggestive Evidence of No Association
31(1)
References
31(4)
Infectious Diseases Endemic to Southwest and South-Central Asia That Have Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
35(26)
References
60(1)
Infectious Diseases Diagnosed in US Troops Who Served in the Persian Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, or Operation Iraqi Freedom
61(40)
Diarrheal Disease
62(12)
Enteric Infections in the Gulf War
62(7)
Gastroenteritis in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
69(5)
Respiratory Disease
74(4)
Mild Acute Respiratory Disease in the Gulf War
74(2)
Severe Acute Respiratory Disease in the Gulf War
76(1)
Respiratory Disease in Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
76(2)
Insect-Borne Diseases
78(6)
Leishmaniasis
78(4)
Malaria
82(2)
West Nile Fever
84(1)
Brucellosis
84(1)
Chicken Pox (Varicella)
85(1)
Meningococcal Disease
85(1)
Nosocomial Infections
85(3)
Gulf War
85(1)
Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
86(2)
Q Fever
88(2)
Q Fever Contracted During the Gulf War
89(1)
Q Fever Contracted During Operation Enduring Freedom and Operation Iraqi Freedom
89(1)
Viral Hepatitis
90(1)
Tuberculosis
90(1)
Department of Defense Medical Databases
91(2)
Department of Defense Policy Regarding Predeployment and Postdeployment Serum Collection
93(1)
References
94(7)
Levels of Association Between Select Diseases and Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
101(80)
Diarrheal Diseases: Campylobacter, Non-typhoid Salmonella, and Shigella Infections
103(9)
Campylobacter Infection
103(5)
Nontyphoidal Salmonella Infection
108(2)
Shigella Infection
110(2)
Brucellosis
112(6)
Transmission and Endemicity of Brucellosis
113(1)
Acute Brucellosis
114(1)
Treatments for Brucellosis and Related Long-Term Toxicity
115(1)
Coinfection
115(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes of Brucellosis
115(3)
Leishmaniasis
118(5)
Transmission of Leishmaniasis
119(1)
Endemicity in Southwest and South-Central Asia
120(1)
Acute Leishmaniasis
120(1)
Diagnosis of Leishmaniasis
121(1)
Treatments for Leishmaniasis and Related Long-Term Toxicity
121(1)
Coinfection by Leishmania Parasite and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
122(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes of Leishmaniasis
122(1)
Malaria
123(6)
Transmission of Malaria
124(1)
Endemicity in Southwest and South-Central Asia
124(1)
Acute Malaria
125(1)
Treatments for Malaria and Related Long-Term Toxicity
125(1)
Coinfection with Plasmodium Spp. and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
126(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes of Infection with Plasmodium Spp.
126(3)
Q Fever (Infection by Coxiella burnetii)
129(6)
Transmission of Coxiella burnetii
129(1)
Endemicity in Southwest and South-Central Asia
130(1)
Acute Q Fever
130(1)
Diagnosing Q Fever
131(1)
Coinfection with Coxiella burnetii and Human Immunodeficiency Virus
131(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes of Q Fever
132(3)
Tuberculosis
135(14)
Transmission of Tuberculosis
135(2)
Endemicity in Southwest and South-Central Asia
137(1)
Risk of Progression from Latent Tuberculosis Infection to Active Tuberculosis
137(3)
Treatment for Latent Tuberculosis Infection to Prevent Active Tuberculosis
140(1)
Active Tuberculosis
140(2)
Late Manifestations of Active Tuberculosis
142(2)
Potential Relationships Between Tuberculosis and Military Service
144(5)
West Nile Virus Infection
149(6)
Transmission of West Nile Virus Infection
150(1)
Endemicity in Southwest and South-Central Asia
150(1)
Acute West Nile Fever
151(1)
Diagnosis of West Nile Fever
151(1)
Treatment of West Nile Virus Infection
152(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes of Infection with West Nile Virus
152(3)
Recommendation
155(1)
References
155(26)
Diseases and Agents of Special Concern to Veterans of the Gulf War, Operation Iraqi Freedom, and Operation Enduring Freedom
181(20)
Al Eskan Disease
181(2)
Description of Acute Illness
182(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
182(1)
Pathogenesis
182(1)
Treatment
183(1)
Summary
183(1)
Idiopathic Acute Eosinophilic Pneumonia
183(1)
Description of Acute Illness
183(1)
Long-Term Adverse Health Outcomes
183(1)
Pathogenesis
184(1)
Treatment
184(1)
Summary
184(1)
Wound and Nosocomial Infections (Including Infections with Acinetobacter Spp.)
184(6)
Concerns Regarding Acinetobacter baumannii
185(1)
Other Wound Infections
186(1)
Other Nosocomial Infections
187(1)
Regional Experiences in Non-Americans
188(2)
Summary
190(1)
Mycoplasmas
190(3)
Mycoplasmas and ``Gulf War Illness''
191(2)
Summary
193(1)
Biologic-Warfare Agents
193(1)
Summary
194(1)
References
194(7)
Appendix Biographical Sketches for Members of the Committee 201(4)
Index 205
Abigail E. Mitchell, Laura B. Sivitz, Robert E. Black, Editors, Committee on Gulf War and Health: Infectious Diseases
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