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El. knyga: Guts of the Matter: A Global History of Human Waste and Infectious Intestinal Disease

4.00/5 (5 ratings by Goodreads)
(Colby College, Maine)
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The Guts of the Matter is a study of our oldest ecological problem: the transmission of infectious intestinal disease from human waste. Spanning the early hominin era to the present, this book explores the evolution of human waste disposal practices, the use of faeces and urine as fertilizer, and the changing patterns of transmission of intestinal pathogens and parasites. Chapters trace the spread of viral, bacterial, and helminthic infections through the early processes of globalization and track the uneven successes of the sanitation revolution in recent centuries. The book also provides an overview of the cultural practices that influence the transmission of infectious intestinal disease and the impacts of biomedical advances such as oral rehydration therapy and vaccination. Webb's impressive breadth and meticulous research is invaluable for students of public health, environmental history, global history, and medicine.

The Guts of the Matter investigates our oldest ecological challenge. This engaging interdisciplinary study will provide students of public health, environmental history, global history, and medicine with an incisive analysis of the key issues in our ongoing struggle against the transmission of infectious intestinal diseases.

Recenzijos

'James Webb's The Guts of the Matter delves deep into how and where people have relieved themselves, how this has been related to one group of parasitic diseases and how important this has been - and still is - to developments around the world. It changes readers' outlook on toilets and life.' Iris Borowy, Shanghai University 'This global history illuminates large bio-social patterns key to the development of all human societies. The vicissitudes of human intestinal diseases - that persistently caused high mortality and sickness - are linked to human waste management and mismanagement, diverse hygienic practices, safe and unsafe water systems, and access to medical treatment (such as hookworm's drugs, poliovirus vaccines and oral rehydration therapy for cholera). Developments in industrialized and colonial and postcolonial societies are masterfully compared. A sound contribution beyond the field of history.' Marcos Cueto, Fundaēćo Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 'The combination of chronological breadth and descriptive detail will make this book useful for a wide audience of scholars and professionals.' Randall M. Packard, Bulletin of the History of Medicine

Daugiau informacijos

This engaging interdisciplinary study integrates the deep histories of infectious intestinal disease transmission, the sanitation revolution, and biomedical interventions.
List of Figures
xii
Acknowledgments xiii
Introduction 1(4)
1 Pathogens and Parasites
5(19)
Intestinal Viruses, Protozoa, and Bacteria
6(3)
Intestinal Worms
9(3)
Determinants of Disease Transmission
12(3)
Changing Perspectives on Childhood Diarrheal Diseases
15(2)
The Microbiome
17(4)
Historical Epidemiology and Contemporary Interventions
21(3)
2 Early Change
24(18)
Rethinking the First Epidemiological Transition
25(3)
Patterns of Vulnerability
28(5)
Zones of Infectious Intestinal Disease
33(1)
Eurasian Attitudes toward Human Waste
34(2)
Early Urban Sanitation
36(6)
3 Diffusion and Amplification
42(23)
The Early Diffusion of Infectious Intestinal Disease to the Americas
42(3)
The Uses of Human and Animal Wastes
45(8)
Urban Sanitation Redux
53(2)
Urban Crisis of Scale and the Emergence of Public Health Movements
55(3)
Global Cholera
58(7)
4 Innovations
65(20)
Early Sewerage
66(3)
Death by Sewage
69(2)
The "Dry Earth" and "Tub-and-Pail" Systems
71(1)
Sewage Farming and Trenching
72(3)
Flies, Household Hygiene, and Contaminated Milk
75(4)
The Typhoid Fever Vaccine
79(2)
Water Filtration and Disinfection
81(4)
5 Adoptions and Adaptations
85(18)
Water and Sanitation in Latin America
86(2)
European Colonial Military Sanitation
88(1)
Water and Sanitation in East Asia
89(3)
Water and Sanitation in Tropical Africa
92(3)
Water and Sanitation in India
95(4)
Sanitation at Mid-Twentieth Century
99(4)
6 The Struggle against Hookworm Disease
103(21)
Early Control Programs
103(5)
The Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the Eradication of Hookworm Disease
108(5)
The Rockefeller Foundation's International Programs
113(1)
The International Health Board (1916-27)
114(5)
Anemia as Diagnostic Conundrum
119(1)
The Unmet Challenges of Human Feces Disposal
119(2)
Assessments of the Hookworm Campaigns
121(3)
7 An Era of Optimism
124(24)
Sanitary Practices: Soap, Refrigeration, and Screens
125(3)
Vaccines against Poliomyelitis
128(7)
The Revolution of Oral Rehydration Therapy
135(4)
The World Health Organization and Sanitation Initiatives
139(3)
The First and Second United Nations Development Decades (1960S-70S)
142(2)
The International Drinking Water and Sanitation Decade (1980s)
144(4)
8 Global Health and Infectious Intestinal Disease
148(21)
The Infant Formula Controversy
148(3)
The Child Survival Revolution
151(3)
A New Campaign to Eradicate Poliomyelitis
154(2)
Community-Led Total Sanitation
156(1)
Open Defecation and the Struggle for Modernity
157(3)
Deworming the World
160(3)
Rotavirus Vaccine
163(1)
The Seventh Cholera Pandemic
164(1)
Infectious Intestinal Disease Today
165(4)
Conclusion 169(5)
Bibliography 174(30)
Index 204
James L. A. Webb, Jr is Professor of History at Colby College, Maine. His recent books include The Long Struggle against Malaria in Tropical Africa (Cambridge, 2014) and Global Health in Africa (2013).
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