| Preface |
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vii | |
| About the companion website |
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ix | |
| 1 An introduction to haematopoiesis |
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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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1 | (1) |
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Haematopoietic stem cells |
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1 | (2) |
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Differentiating blood cells |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (4) |
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Granulocytes and their function |
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3 | (2) |
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Monocytopoiesis and monocyte function |
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5 | (1) |
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Megakaryocytes and platelet function |
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5 | (2) |
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Erythropoiesis and red cell function |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
| 2 Anaemia: General principles |
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11 | (16) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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Symptoms and signs of anaemia |
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12 | (1) |
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Normal control of red cell production |
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12 | (1) |
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Morphological classification of anaemias |
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13 | (1) |
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Microcyti anaemia: iron handling and iron deficiency anaemia |
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13 | (7) |
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14 | (2) |
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How does iron deficiency arise? |
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16 | (1) |
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Manifestations of iron deficiency |
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17 | (1) |
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Confirming a diagnosis of iron deficiency |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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Other causes of microcytic hypochromic anaemia |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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Anaemia of chronic disease |
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20 | (1) |
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Other causes of normocytic anaemia |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (5) |
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Causes of megaloblastic anaemia: vitamin B12 and folate deficiency |
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21 | (1) |
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How do B12 and folate deficiency arise? |
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21 | (2) |
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Clinical manifestations of B12 and folate deficiency |
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23 | (1) |
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Confirming a diagnosis of B12 or folate deficiency |
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24 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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Other causes of megaloblastosis |
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25 | (1) |
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Normoblastic macrocytosis |
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25 | (1) |
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Polycythaemia (erthrocytosis) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
| 3 Haemolytic anaemias |
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27 | (14) |
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27 | (1) |
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Laboratory evidence of haemolysis |
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28 | (1) |
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Clinical features of haemolysis |
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29 | (1) |
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Classifying haemolytic anaemias and establishing a diagnosis |
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30 | (1) |
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Congenital haemolytic anaemias |
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30 | (6) |
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Haemolysis resulting from defects of the red cell membrane |
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30 | (1) |
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Hereditary sphyerocytosis |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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Hereditary elliptocytosis and hereditary propoikilocytoisis |
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33 | (1) |
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Haemolysis caused by abnormalities of red cell enzymes |
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33 | (1) |
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Glucose-t-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency |
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33 | (3) |
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Treatment of G6PD deficiency |
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36 | (1) |
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Other red cell enzyme deficiencies causing haemolysis |
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36 | (1) |
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Haemolysis resulting from haemoglobin defects |
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36 | (1) |
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Acquired haemolytic anaemias |
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36 | (3) |
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Immune haemolytic anaemias |
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36 | (1) |
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Autoimmune haemolytic anaemias |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Cold haemagglutinin disease |
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38 | (1) |
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Non-immune haemolytic anaemias |
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39 | (2) |
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Mechanical damage to red cells |
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39 | (1) |
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Non-immune haemolytic anaemia resulting from drugs |
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40 | (1) |
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40 | (1) |
| 4 Disorders of globin synthesis |
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41 | (14) |
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41 | (1) |
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Normal structure and function of haemoglobin |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (4) |
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44 | (1) |
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alpha+ Thalassaemia trait |
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44 | (1) |
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alpha0 Thalassaemia trait |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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Hb Bart's hydrops fetalis syndrome |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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Homozygous beta-thalassaemia |
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45 | (1) |
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Clinical classification of the thalasaemias |
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46 | (1) |
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Clinical course and complications of thalassaemia major |
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46 | (1) |
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Treatement of beta-thalassaemia major |
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46 | (1) |
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Genetic counselling and antenatal diagnosis of beta-thalassaemia major |
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47 | (1) |
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Structural haemoglobin variants |
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47 | (6) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (2) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (2) |
| 5 Conditions associated with white cell abnormalities |
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55 | (10) |
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55 | (1) |
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55 | (2) |
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55 | (2) |
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57 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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Abnormalities of granulocyte morphology and function |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Lymphocytosis and lymphopenia |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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Immunophenotyping by flow cytometry |
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59 | (2) |
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61 | (2) |
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61 | (2) |
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61 | (2) |
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61 | (1) |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Leucoerythroblastic reaction |
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63 | (2) |
| 6 Structure and function of lymphoid tissue |
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65 | (6) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Immunoglobulin structure and gene rearrangement |
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66 | (4) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (1) |
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B-cell selection and maturation |
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70 | (1) |
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T-lymphocyte antigen receptors |
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70 | (1) |
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70 | (1) |
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Cellular origin of lymphomas |
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70 | (1) |
| 7 Lymphomas: General principles |
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71 | (10) |
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71 | (1) |
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Lymphomas versus leukaemias |
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71 | (1) |
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71 | (10) |
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Aetiology and epidemiology |
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71 | (1) |
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Cytogeneics and molecular considerations |
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72 | (4) |
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76 | (1) |
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Nodal and extranodal lymphomas |
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76 | (1) |
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Diagnosis is made by biopsy |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (4) |
| 8 Classification of lymphoma |
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81 | (4) |
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81 | (4) |
| 9 Neoplastic disorders of lymphoid cells |
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85 | (12) |
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85 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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Positron emission tomography scanning and risk-adapted therapy |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (8) |
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Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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Clinical and laboratory features |
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89 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (1) |
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Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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Small lymphocytic B-cell lymphoma |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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Lymphoplasmacytic lymphoma/Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (2) |
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma |
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95 | (1) |
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95 | (1) |
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Extranodal marginal zone lymphomas, including the group previously known as MALT lymphomas |
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96 | (1) |
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96 | (1) |
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Mycosis fungoides and Sezary syndrome |
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96 | (1) |
| 10 Plasma cell myeloma and other paraproteinaemias |
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97 | (8) |
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97 | (1) |
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97 | (5) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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98 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (1) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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Other paraprotein-aemias and related disorders |
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102 | (3) |
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Benign paraproteinaemia (benign monoclonal gammaopathy or MGUS) |
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102 | (4) |
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102 | (1) |
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Waldenstrom's macroglobulinaemia |
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103 | (1) |
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103 | (1) |
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Other lymphoproliferative disorders |
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103 | (2) |
| 11 Neoplastic disorders of myeloid cells |
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105 | (12) |
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105 | (1) |
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106 | (3) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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AML with recurrent genetic abnormalities |
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107 | (1) |
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Acute promyelocytic leukaemia (M3) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Bone marrow transplantation |
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109 | (1) |
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The myelodysplastic syndromes |
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109 | (2) |
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110 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Myeloproliferative disorders |
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111 | (6) |
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Chronic myeloid leukaemia |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (1) |
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111 | (2) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Laboratory findings and natural history |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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Essential Thrombocythaemia |
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115 | (4) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
| 12 Bone marrow transplantation |
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117 | (8) |
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117 | (2) |
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Allogeneic bone marrow transplantation |
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119 | (1) |
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Complications of allogeneic BMT |
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120 | (5) |
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120 | (1) |
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Graft-versus-host disease |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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Graft-versus-leukaemia/lymphoma effect |
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120 | (1) |
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Reduced intensity conditioning transplant |
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121 | (1) |
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Haploidentical bone marrow transplantation |
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121 | (1) |
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Autologous bone marrow transplantation (high-dose therapy) |
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121 | (4) |
| 13 Aplastic anaemia and pure red cell aplasia |
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125 | (6) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (4) |
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Acquired aplastic anaemia |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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129 | (2) |
| 14 Haemostasis, abnormal bleeding and anticoagulant therapy |
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131 | (20) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Classification of haemostatic defects |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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Tests of platelet function |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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Platelet function analyser |
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134 | (1) |
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Platelet aggregation studies |
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134 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenic and non-thrombocytopenic purpura |
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135 | |
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Causes of thrombocytopenia |
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134 | (3) |
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Failure of platelet production |
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135 | (1) |
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Shortened platelet survival |
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135 | (1) |
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Immune thrombocytopenic purpura |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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Secondary autoimmune thrombocytopenic purpura |
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137 | (1) |
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Drug-induced immune thrombocytopenia |
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137 | (1) |
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Other immune thrombocytopenias |
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137 | (1) |
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Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura |
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137 | (1) |
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Increased splenic pooling |
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137 | (1) |
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Abnormalities of platelet function |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (2) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Normal coagulation mechanism |
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138 | (2) |
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The fibrinolytic mechanism |
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140 | (1) |
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Tests for clotting defects |
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140 | (1) |
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Activated partial thromboplastin time |
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141 | (1) |
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Congenital coagulation disorders |
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141 | (4) |
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Haemophilia A (factor VIII deficiency) |
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141 | (1) |
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Genetics, prevalence and biochemistry |
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142 | (1) |
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Detection of carriers and antenatal diagnosis |
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142 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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143 | (1) |
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Haemophilia B (factor IX deficiency, Christmas disease) |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (1) |
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Deficiency of other clotting factors |
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145 | (1) |
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Acquired coagulation disorders |
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145 | (1) |
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Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
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145 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) |
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Investigation of a patient with abnormal bleeding |
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147 | (1) |
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Natural anticoagulant mechanisms and the prothrombotic state (thrombophilia) |
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148 | (3) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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Factor V Leiden and APC resistance |
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148 | (1) |
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Prothrombin allele G20210A |
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149 | (1) |
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Antiphospholipid syndrome |
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149 | (2) |
| 15 Blood groups and blood transfusion |
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151 | (12) |
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151 | (1) |
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Blood transfusion and blood components |
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151 | (3) |
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Transfusing red blood cells |
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151 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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Other blood group systems |
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153 | (1) |
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Cross-matching and compatibility |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Procedure for obtaining compatible blood |
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154 | (1) |
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Haemolytic disease of the newborn |
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154 | (2) |
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155 | (1) |
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Management of mother and child |
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156 | (1) |
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Other blood components: platelets, plasma and granulocytes |
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156 | (1) |
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Hazards of blood transfusion: The SHOT report |
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157 | (4) |
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Haemolytic reactions from incompatible red cells |
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158 | (1) |
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Transfusion-transmitted infections |
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158 | (1) |
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Variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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Transfusion-associated graft-versus host disease |
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160 | (1) |
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Immediate-type hypersensitivity |
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160 | (1) |
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Transfusion-related acute lung injury |
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160 | (1) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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Management of transfusion reactions |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (2) |
| 16 Cellular and molecular investigations in haematology |
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163 | (10) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridization |
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163 | (2) |
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165 | (6) |
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Polymerase chain reaction |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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Real time or semi-quantitative PCR |
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168 | (1) |
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Next-generation sequencing |
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169 | (2) |
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An integrated haematology laboratory report |
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171 | (1) |
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171 | (2) |
| Index |
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173 | |
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