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El. knyga: Handbook of Bioremediation: Physiological, Molecular and Biotechnological Interventions

Edited by (Emeritus Professor and Former Dean, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India), Edited by (Professor, Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, Bangladesh)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Oct-2020
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128193839
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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Oct-2020
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128193839
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Handbook of Bioremediation: Physiological, Molecular and Biotechnological Interventions discusses the mechanisms of responding to inorganic and organic pollutants in the environment using different approaches of phytoremediation and bioremediation. Part One focuses specifically on inorganic pollutants and the use of techniques such as metallothionein-assisted remediation, phytoextraction and genetic manipulation. Part Two covers organic pollutants and consider topics such as plant enzymes, antioxidant defense systems and the remediation mechanisms of different plant species. This comprehensive volume is a must-read for researchers interested in plant science, agriculture, soil science and environmental science.

The techniques covered in this book will ensure scientists have the knowledge to practice effective bioremediation techniques themselves.

  • Provides a comprehensive review of the latest advances in bioremediation of organic and inorganic pollutants
  • Discusses a range of different phytoremediation techniques
  • Evaluates the role of genomics and bioinformatics within bioremediation
Contributors xiii
About the editors xix
Preface xxiii
Acknowledgments xxv
1 Bioremediation of inorganic pollutants
1 Concept and types of bioremediation
Meng Wang
Shibao Chen
Xingyong Jia
Li Chen
1 Introduction
3(1)
2 Concept of bioremediation--A convenient solution to the contamination of inorganic pollutants
3(1)
3 Types of bioremediation
4(2)
4 Challenges for bioremediation
6(1)
5 Conclusion and future prospects
7(1)
References
7(2)
2 The use of industrial and food crops for the rehabilitation of areas contaminated with metal (loid)s: Physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance
Patricia Vidigal
Luisa C. Carvalho
Erika S. Santos
Maria Manuela Abreu
1 Physiological and molecular mechanisms of metal(loid)s tolerance in plants
9(5)
2 Rehabilitation with industrial and food crops
14(2)
3 Final remarks
16(1)
Acknowledgments
16(1)
References
16(7)
3 Mechanistic overview of metal tolerance in edible plants: A physiological and molecular perspective
Amit Kumar
Ashish K. Chaturvedi
U. Surendran
Aftab A. Shabnam
Ajeet Singh
S.N. Vinodakumar
Borsha Tamuly
Sandeep K. Malyan
Shakeel A. Khan
M.M.S. Cabral-Pinto
P. Raja
Krishna K. Yadav
1 Introduction
23(1)
2 Status and sources of metal contamination
24(1)
3 Positive aspects of metals in plant metabolism
24(7)
4 Adverse impact of metal toxicity on morphological, physiological, and yield traits of edible plants
31(3)
5 Physiological and biochemical mechanism favoured by plants for metal toxicity
34(2)
6 Enhancing metal toxicity tolerance in edible plants
36(4)
References
40(9)
4 Phytoextraction of heavy metals by weeds: Physiological and molecular intervention
Pankaj Pathak
Debleena Bhattacharya
1 Introduction
49(1)
2 Different weeds used for phytoextraction
50(1)
3 Physiological mechanism for removal of HMs
51(2)
4 Molecular mechanism for HM removal
53(3)
5 Improvising weed for increasing phytoextraction
56(1)
6 Conclusions
57(1)
References
57(4)
5 Phytomanagement of As-contaminated matrix: Physiological and molecular basis
Sumbal Iftikhar
Veysel Turan
Hafiz Muhammad Tauqeer
Bilal Rasool
Muhammad Zubair
Mahmood-Ur-Rahman
Muhammad Asaf Khan
Sham Im Akhtar
Shahbaz Ali Khan
Zeeshan Basharat
Immad Zulfiqar
Javediqbal
Muhammad Iqbal
Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani
1 Introduction
61(1)
2 Arsenic in the environment
62(1)
3 Chemistry of As with P, S, and Fe
63(1)
4 As toxicity in plants
64(2)
5 Remedial measures for the mitigation of As bioavailability and toxicity in contaminated soils
66(7)
6 Conclusion and future perspective
73(1)
References
73(8)
6 Metallothionein-assisted phytoremediation of inorganic pollutants
Aditya Banerjee
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
1 Introduction
81(1)
2 MTs: An overview
81(1)
3 Roles of MTs in phytoremediation of HMs
82(4)
4 Conclusion
86(1)
5 Future perspective
86(1)
Acknowledgments
87(1)
References
87(4)
7 Phytochelatins and their relationship with modulation of cadmium tolerance in plants
Deyvid Novaes Marques
Salete Aparecida Gaziola
Ricardo Antunes Azevedo
1 Introduction
91(1)
2 Expression of phytochelatin synthase in plants under cadmium exposure
92(1)
3 Determination of phytochelatins in plants under cadmium stress
93(9)
4 Phytochelatin synthase-based plant genetic engineering for modulating cadmium tolerance
102(4)
5 Conclusion
106(1)
Acknowledgments
106(1)
References
106(9)
8 Role of glutathione in enhancing metal hyperaccumulation in plants
Anatoly A. Ivanov
1 Introduction
115(1)
2 Heavy metal plant hyperaccumulators
116(1)
3 Transport processes
117(3)
4 The total role of glutathione in protecting against HM
120(2)
5 Glutathione synthesis
122(5)
6 Glutathione S-transferase
127(1)
7 Phytochelatins
128(2)
8 ROS detoxification
130(5)
9 Signaling
135(2)
10 Conclusion
137(1)
References
138(15)
9 Thiol-dependent metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance in plants
Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
Aditi Shreeya Bali
1 Introduction
153(1)
2 Harmful effects of various heavy metals in plants
154(1)
3 Transportation pathway of heavy metal
155(1)
4 Thiol compounds
156(4)
5 Molecular mechanism related to GSH, PCs, and MTs mediated tolerance in plants
160(1)
6 Conclusions and future prospects
161(1)
References
161(4)
10 Role of redox system in enhancement of phytoremediation capacity in plants
Mannal Mohamed Emam
Hemmat Khattab
Amal Ahmed Morsy
Karima Hamid A. Salama
Mohamed Magdy F. Mansour
1 Introduction
165(1)
2 Sources of heavy metals in the contaminated soils
166(3)
3 Types of pollutants and their potential risks
169(1)
4 Phytoremediation
169(1)
5 The concept of "cellular redox state" and influence of Eh on soil pollution
170(2)
6 Mechanisms of heavy metal resistance
172(5)
7 Molecular approach for phytoremediation in relation to plant redox system
177(6)
8 Conclusion and future prospects
183(1)
References
184(12)
11 Role of reactive nitrogen species in enhancing metal/metalloid tolerance in plants: A basis of phytoremediation
Savita Duhan
1 Introduction
196(1)
2 Metal accumulation: A higher risk
196(1)
3 Production of reactive nitrogen species
197(2)
4 Role of nitrogen species in plant tolerance
199(1)
5 Metal tolerance: Key behind phytoremediation
200(1)
6 Future perspectives
200(1)
7 Conclusion
200(1)
References
201(4)
12 The antioxidant defense system and bioremediation
Wojciech Kraj
Marcin Pietrzykowski
Arkadiusz Warczyk
1 Introduction
205(1)
2 Oxidative stress induced by heavy metals
206(2)
3 Activity of the antioxidative system under conditions of excessive heavy metal accumulation
208(2)
4 The ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals--Plants that potentially tolerate an increased heavy metal content
210(3)
5 Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals
213(2)
References
215(6)
13 Interplay between selenium and mineral elements to improve plant growth and development
Muhammad Farman
Fahim Nawaz
Sadia Majeed
Khawaja Shafique Ahmad
Rashid Rafeeq
Muhammad Asif Shehzad
Rana Nauman Shabbir
Muhammad Munir Usmani
1 Introduction
221(5)
2 Selenium and nitrogen
226(1)
3 Selenium and phosphorus
226(1)
4 Selenium and potassium
227(1)
5 Selenium and sulfur
228(1)
6 Selenium and silicon
229(1)
7 Selenium and iodine
230(1)
8 Selenium and zinc
231(1)
9 Conclusion
231(1)
References
232(5)
14 Physiological basis of arsenic accumulation in aquatic plants
Bhupinder Dhir
1 Introduction
237(1)
2 Uptake of arsenic by plants
237(2)
3 Factors affecting uptake and accumulation of As
239(1)
4 As uptake in aquatic plants
240(2)
5 Conclusions
242(1)
References
242(3)
15 Alteration of plant physiology by the application of biochar for remediation of metals
Qasim Ali
Wasififtikhar
Sumreena Shahid
Abdullah Ijaz Hussain
Rashida Perveen
Naeem Iqbal
Syed Murtaza Hussain
Basharat Hussain
Muhammad Waseem
Khalid Hussain
Khalid Nawaz
1 Introduction
245(1)
2 Biochar and its preparation
246(1)
3 Mechanism of removal of major pollutants by biochar
247(1)
4 Effects of biochar on soil properties
248(2)
5 Effects of biochar on plant physiology
250(1)
6 Adverse effects of heavy metals on different physiological mechanisms
251(2)
7 Plant characteristics improved by biochar
253(3)
8 Conclusions
256(1)
References
256(7)
16 Plant-microbe interaction: Relevance for phytoremediation of heavy metals
Anindita Mitra
Soumya Chatterjee
Dharmendra K. Gupta
1 Introduction
263(1)
2 Root-associated microbiota
264(2)
3 Plant-microbe interaction
266(1)
4 Mode of action of root-associated bacteria in alleviating heavy metal stress in plant
267(1)
5 Role of plant-microbe interaction in improving phytoremediation
268(2)
6 Future prospect
270(1)
References
271(6)
17 Molecular and cellular changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-plant interaction in cadmium contamination
Laize Aparecida Ferreira Vilela
1 Introduction
277(1)
2 AMF and mycorrhizal symbiosis
277(1)
3 Mechanisms of mycorrhizal symbiosis in mitigating the cadmium toxicity
278(1)
4 Molecular and cellular changes of mycorrhizal plants in cadmium-contaminated soils
279(1)
5 Closing remarks
280(1)
References
280(5)
18 Potential use of efficient resistant plant growth promoting hizobacteria in biofertilization and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil
Salwa Harzallijebara
Souhir Abdelkrim
Omar Saadani
Imen Challougui Fatnassi
Khedhiri Mannai
Ghassen Abid
Moez Jebara
1 Introduction
285(1)
2 Characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their role in HM tolerance mechanisms
286(1)
3 Effect of HM soil contamination on activation of antioxidant enzyme and gene level expression of protein transporter in legumes inoculated by PGPR
287(1)
4 Application of PGPR in phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soil
288(1)
5 Agricultural practices of PGPRs as biofertilizers
289(1)
6 Conclusion
290(2)
References
292(3)
19 Ecological and physiological features of metal accumulation of halophytic plants on the White Sea coast
Eugenya F. Markovskaya
Elena N. Terebova
Elena N. Gulyaeva
Vera I. Androsova
Maria A. Pavlova
Ksenya B. Taskina
1 Introduction
295(2)
2 Study area
297(1)
3 Methods
298(1)
4 Results
299(3)
5 Discussion
302(1)
6 Conclusion
303(1)
References
303(4)
20 Role of secondary metabolites in salt and heavy metal stress mitigation by halophytic plants: An overview
Shumailah Ishtiyaq
Harsh Kumar
Mayank Varun
Clement O. Ogunkunle
Manoj S. Paul
1 Introduction
307(2)
2 Mechanism of adaptation of halophytes under saline condition
309(2)
3 Mechanisms of halophyte tolerance to heavy metal stress
311(3)
4 Secondary metabolites and their role in defense mechanism of halophytic plants to salinity and heavy metal stress
314(7)
5 Conclusion
321(1)
Conflicts of interest
321(1)
References
321(8)
21 Genetics of metal hyperaccumulation in plants
Munazza Ijaz
Bilal Rasul
Parwasha Zaib
Muhammad Shareef Masoud
Muhammad Zubair
Muhammad Iqbal
Mahmood-Ur-Rahman
1 Introduction
329(1)
2 Sources of heavy metal contamination
330(2)
3 Remediation techniques for heavy metals
332(4)
4 ROS production and anti-oxidant defense mechanism in hyperaccumulators
336(1)
5 Molecular mechanism of phytremediation
336(1)
6 Conclusion and future prospects
337(1)
References
337(4)
22 Gene regulation in halophytes in conferring salt tolerance
Muhammad Bilal Hafeez
Ali Raza
Noreen Zahra
Kanval Shaukat
Muhammad Zubair Akram
Shahid Iqbal
Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra
1 Introduction and background of halophytes
341(2)
2 Regulation of salinity in halophytes
343(3)
3 Metabolical and physiological adaptations in halophyte dimorphic seed
346(7)
4 Gene regulation conferring salt tolerance in halophytes
353(4)
5 Cloning of halophyte genes in glycophytes/genetic engineering to make salt-tolerant plants
357(4)
6 Conclusion and future outlooks
361(1)
Acknowledgments
362(1)
References
362(9)
23 Recent advances toward exploiting medicinal plants as phytoremediators
Mohammad Mafakheri
Mojtaba Kordrostami
1 Introduction
371(3)
2 Chamomile
374(1)
3 Basil
374(2)
4 Cannabis
376(1)
5 Purslane
377(1)
6 Lavender
378(1)
7 Sage
378(1)
8 Conclusion
379(1)
9 Future prospects
380(1)
References
380(5)
24 Can plants be considered as phytoremediators for desalination of saline wastewater: A comprehensive review
Mojtaba Kordrostami
Mohammad Mafakheri
Ali Akbar Ebadi
1 Introduction
385(1)
2 Definition of salinity
385(1)
3 What are the factors that cause salinity in water and soils?
386(1)
4 What are the environmental effects of salinity?
387(1)
5 Saline water classification
387(1)
6 Effect of wastewater on water resources
388(1)
7 What does water pollution mean?
388(1)
8 How phytoremediation technology can remove pollutants?
389(1)
9 Effective phytoremediation mechanisms in wastewater disposal
390(1)
10 Phytoremediation application in pollutants and salinity removal
391(1)
11 Which plants can be used in phytoremediation for the desalination of saline wastewater?
392(1)
12 Conclusion
392(1)
References
393(4)
25 Genomics in understanding bioremediation of inorganic pollutants
Abdul Aziz
Tahira Yasmeen
Mohsin Tariq
Muhammad Saleem Arif
Sher Muhammad Shahzad
Muhammad Riaz
Shafaqat Ali
Muhammad Rizwan
1 Introduction
397(1)
2 Molecular approach for monitoring and validating microbial bioremediation
398(1)
3 Omics-approaches in bioremediation
398(3)
4 Genomics, system biology and bioremediation
401(1)
5 Genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation
402(1)
6 Genomics and microbial analysis
403(1)
7 Application of metagenomic for bioremediation
404(1)
8 Challenges and future prospective
405(1)
References
405(6)
26 Genetic engineering of plants to tolerate toxic metals and metalloids
Ali Raza
Madiha Habib
Sidra Charagh
Shiva Najafi Kakavand
1 Introduction
411(1)
2 Mechanisms of toxic metals and metalloids tolerance
412(3)
3 Genetic engineering for toxic metals and metalloids tolerance
415(5)
4 Genetically engineered plants for metals and metalloids tolerance
420(5)
5 Potential role of microorganisms in the remediation of toxic metals
425(1)
6 Integration of OMICS approaches to develop plants for metals/metalloids tolerance OR to identify stress-related genes and regulators
426(2)
7 Conclusion and future perspectives
428(1)
Acknowledgments
428(1)
References
428(9)
27 Role of metal-binding proteins and peptides in bioremediation of toxic metals
Mahmood-Ur-Rahman
Hafiza Sania Khalid
Muhammad Farhan Akhtar
Munazza Ijaz
Muhammad Iqbal
Shazia Anwer Bukhari
Ghulam Mustafa
Kanval Shaukat
1 Introduction
437(1)
2 Heavy metals
438(1)
3 Phytoremediation
438(1)
4 Bioremediation
439(1)
5 Metal-binding proteins (MBPs)
440(1)
6 Heavy metal resistance mechanisms
441(1)
7 Expression of various heterologous metallothioneins
442(1)
8 Conclusion and future prospects
442(1)
References
442(5)
2 Bioremediation of organic pollutants
28 Physiological and molecular basis of bioremediation of icropollutants
Muhammad Hussaan
Amna
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Muhammad Sohail Akram
Shafaqat Ali
1 Introduction
447(1)
2 Classification of emerging pollutants
448(1)
3 Bioremediation
449(3)
4 Enzymatic biodegradation
452(4)
5 Some operative and technological solutions
456(2)
6 Pros and cons of microbes-based biodegradation of micropollutants
458(1)
References
459(6)
29 Plant enzymes in metabolism of organic pollutants
Aditi Shreeya Bali
Gagan Preet Singh Sidhu
Vinod Kumar
1 Introduction
465(1)
2 Physicochemical methodology for remediation of organic pollutants
466(1)
3 Enzymes for remediation and degradation of organic pollutants
467(2)
4 Enzymatic strategies for remediation
469(2)
5 Conclusions and future prospects
471(1)
References
471(4)
30 Alteration of plant physiology by the application of biochar for remediation of organic pollutants
Saghir Abbas
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Qasim Ali
Hassan Javed Chaudhary
Muhammad Rizwan
1 Introduction
475(3)
2 Preparation of biochar
478(2)
3 Application of biochar
480(1)
4 Role of biochar in remediation
481(3)
5 Role of biochar in improving plant physiology and growth under different OPs
484(2)
6 Conclusion
486(1)
References
486(8)
31 Role of reactive nitrogen species in mitigating organic pollutant-induced plant damages
Sajid Ali
Muhammad Akbar Anjum
Aamir Nawaz
Safina Naz
Shaghef Ejaz
Shakeel Ahmad
Sajjad Hussain
1 Introduction
494(1)
2 Sources of organic pollutants
494(1)
3 Types of organic pollutants
494(1)
4 Organic pollutants characteristics
495(1)
5 Factors affecting organic pollutants uptake in plants
495(1)
6 Uptake and translocation of organic pollutants in plants
496(1)
7 Effects of organic pollutants on plants
496(3)
8 Remediation of organic pollutants
499(1)
9 Reactive nitrogen species
499(1)
10 Functions of RNS in plants
499(1)
11 Alleviation of organic pollutants induced negative effects in plants
500(1)
12 Conclusion
501(1)
References
501(4)
32 Antioxidant defense systems in bioremediation of organic pollutants
Kashif Tanwir
Amna
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Muhammad Shahid
Muhammad Sohail Akram
Qasim Ali
1 Introduction
505(1)
2 Bioremediation
506(1)
3 Organic pollutants
507(3)
4 Organic pollutants and plants interaction
510(1)
5 Abiotic stress induced by organic pollutants
511(1)
6 Antioxidant defense system of microbes and plants to cope organic pollutants
512(4)
7 Conclusion and recommendations
516(1)
References
516(7)
33 Role of glutathione in enhancing plant tolerance to organic pollutants
Deepanshi Jaiswal
Avantika Pandey
S.B. Agrawal
1 Introduction
523(1)
2 Organic pollutants
524(1)
3 Glutathione: Synthesis and regulation
524(3)
4 Glutathione induced antioxidative defense under stress
527(1)
5 Detoxification of OPs in plants
528(1)
6 Detoxification mediated by glutathione
528(3)
7 Conclusion
531(1)
Acknowledgments
531(1)
References
531(4)
34 Physiological and molecular basis for remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons
Pooja Saraswat
Kritika Yadav
Anamika Gupta
Mrinalini Prasad
Rajiv Ranjan
1 Introduction
535(2)
2 PAHs in environment
537(1)
3 Toxicity of PAHs
538(1)
4 Physiological aspects of PAH degradation
538(4)
5 Molecular aspects and the techniques used in bioremediation
542(4)
6 Conclusion
546(1)
References
547(4)
35 Physiological and molecular basis for remediation of pesticides
Anamika Gupta
Pooja Saraswat
Kritika Yadav
Mrinalini Prasad
Rajiv Ranjan
1 Pesticide: An environmental pollutant
551(1)
2 Status of pesticides in India and world
552(1)
3 Advantages of pesticides
552(2)
4 Disadvantages of pesticides
554(1)
5 Kind of pesticides used for agriculture production
554(1)
6 Remediation of pesticides
555(4)
7 Molecular aspects of pesticide remediation
559(4)
8 Conclusion
563(1)
References
563(6)
36 Environmental concerns associated with explosives (HMX, TNT, and RDX), heavy metals and metalloids from shooting range soils: Prevailing issues, leading management practices, and future perspectives
Hafiz Muhammad Tauqeer
Anna Karczewska
Karolina Lewinska
Maryam Fatima
Shahbaz Ali Khan
Muniba Farhad
Veysel Turan
Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani
Muhammad Iqbal
1 Introduction
569(1)
2 Classification of military firing ranges
570(1)
3 Categorization of explosive materials
571(1)
4 Environmental risks from firing ranges
572(1)
5 Detrimental effects of shooting ranges on biota
573(1)
6 Factors influencing the bioavailability of explosives and metal(loid)s in SRSLs
574(3)
7 Harsh remediation methods for metal(loid)s removal
577(1)
8 Phytomanagement practices deployed for explosives, metal(loid)s contaminated SRSLs
578(6)
9 Concluding remarks
584(1)
References
584(7)
37 Physiological and molecular basis of plants tolerance to linear halogenated hydrocarbons
Muhammad Sohail Akram
Naeem Rashid
Saadia Basheer
1 Introduction
591(1)
2 Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, uses and hazards
592(1)
3 Types of linear halogenated hydrocarbon pollutants
593(1)
4 Chlorinated alkanes
594(1)
5 Phytoremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants
594(3)
6 Metabolic pathway of organic compounds by plants
597(1)
7 Transcription of detoxification genes during TCE metabolism
598(1)
8 Bioremediation of halogenated hydrocarbons
599(2)
References
601(2)
38 Molecular basis of plant-microbe interaction in remediating organic pollutants
Mrinalini Prasad
Pooja Saraswat
Anamika Gupta
Rajiv Ranjan
1 Introduction
603(5)
2 Organic pollutants
608(4)
3 Molecular approaches to study microbial bioremediation
612(2)
4 Metagenomics in bioremediation
614(1)
5 Metatranscriptomics and proteomics in bioremediation
614(1)
6 Microbial metabolomics and fluxomics in bioremediation
614(1)
7 Metagenomics in plant-microbe interactions and its significance for bioremediation
615(1)
8 Conclusion
616(1)
Acknowledgments
616(1)
References
617(8)
39 Microbial degradation of organic pollutants using indigenous bacterial strains
Ayesha Siddiqa
Muhammad Faisal
1 Introduction
625(1)
2 Bacterial adaptation mechanisms in organic pollutants stress
625(2)
3 Reasons/sources of organic pollution
627(1)
4 Persistent organic pollutants
628(1)
5 Resistance of persistent organic pollutants POPs to environmental degradation processes and need of biodegradation
629(1)
6 Physiological parameter affecting the efficacy of bioremediation
629(2)
7 Strain improvement and development for bioremediation of complex organic pollutants
631(1)
8 Recalcitrance of some environmental pollutants and their derivatives
631(1)
9 Implication of biotechnological ways in biodegradation
632(1)
References
632(7)
40 Molecular basis of plant-microbe interaction in remediating pesticides
Aryadeep Roychoudhury
Swarnavo Chakraborty
1 Introduction
639(1)
2 Different groups of pesticides
639(2)
3 Mechanism of pesticide rhizoremediation
641(1)
4 Enzymes involved in pesticide degradation
642(1)
5 Genetic engineering approaches
643(1)
6 Conclusion and future perspectives
644(1)
Acknowledgments
645(1)
References
645(1)
Further reading
646(3)
41 Molecular and cellular changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-plant interaction in pesticide contamination
Laize Aparecida Ferreira Vilela
Mercia Maria Damasio
1 Introduction
649(1)
2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi
650(1)
3 Effect of pesticides on diversity and development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal plants
650(3)
4 Molecular changes of mycorrhizal plants in pesticide-contaminated soils
653(1)
5 Final considerations and future perspectives
654(1)
References
654(3)
42 Biodegradation of explosives by transgenic plants
Jipsi Chandra
Roseline Xalxo
Neha Pandey
S. Keshavkant
1 Introduction
657(1)
2 Classification of explosives
658(2)
3 Prospects for biodegradation of explosives by plants
660(2)
4 Enhancing biodegradation through genetic modification
662(1)
5 Uptake and metabolism of explosives
663(1)
6 Biodegradation of TNT
664(4)
7 Biodegradation of RDX
668(1)
8 Biodegradation of HMX
669(1)
9 Biodegradation of IMX
670(1)
10 Biodegradation of nitrate esters
670(1)
11 Conclusions and future prospects
671(1)
Acknowledgments
672(1)
References
672(5)
43 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Characteristics, toxicity, phytoremediation, and use of transgenic plants for PCBs degradation
Aneeqa Munawar
Muhammad Sohail Akram
Muhammad Tariq Javed
Muhammad Shahid
1 Introduction
677(1)
2 Regulatory history
678(1)
3 Production and uses
678(1)
4 Import/export
678(1)
5 PCBs as a by-product
678(1)
6 Chemical composition
679(2)
7 Sources of PCBs
681(1)
8 Toxicity of PCBs
681(1)
9 Potential exposure pathways
682(1)
10 Environmental transport and fate
682(2)
11 Transformation and degradation
684(1)
12 Transgenic plants
685(1)
References
686(3)
44 Remediation of organic pollutants by Brassica species
Muhammad Ashar Ayub
Muhammad Usman
Muhammad Umair
Muhammad Rizwan
Amer Rasul
Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman
1 Introduction
689(1)
2 Types, sources, and fate of organic pollutants in the environment
690(1)
3 Environmental concerns associated with organic pollutants
691(1)
4 Physiological, morphological, and biochemical aspects of Brassica species
691(1)
5 Growth of brassica on contaminated soils
692(1)
6 Mechanisms of phytoremediation in Brassica
692(2)
7 Microbial interactions of Brassica to remediate organic pollutants in soils
694(1)
8 Use of organic and inorganic amendments to accelerate the phytoremediation potential of Brassica
695(1)
9 Safe disposal of contaminated Brassica plants
695(1)
10 Prospects
695(1)
References
696(5)
45 Bioremediation of organic contaminants based on biowaste composting practices
Florin-Constantin Mihai
Ramon Plana
Mohammad J. Taherzadeh
Mukesh Kumar Aswathi
Chukwunonye Ezeah
1 Introduction
701(1)
2 Composting as a sustainable biowaste management practice
702(1)
3 Bioremediation through composting of organic wastes
703(8)
4 Land farming combined with composting of biowaste
711(1)
5 Conclusions
712(1)
References
712(3)
46 Bioremediation of organic dyes using plants
M.C.M. Iqbal
D.M.R.E.A. Dissanayake
1 Introduction
715(2)
2 Source of organic pollutants
717(6)
3 Implementation
723(1)
4 Concluding remarks
723(1)
References
724(3)
Index 727
Dr. Mirza Hasanuzzaman is Professor of Agronomy at Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University in Dhaka. He is a specialist in agronomy, plant stress responses, and crop physiology. His current work is focused on the physiological and molecular mechanisms of environmental stress tolerance (salinity, drought, flood, and heavy metals/metalloids). Dr. Hasanuzzaman has published over 60 articles in peer-reviewed journals. He has edited six books and written 30 book chapters on important aspects of plant physiology, plant stress tolerance, and crop production. Dr. Prasad is Emeritus Professor, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad (India). He has made outstanding contributions to the fields of bioremediation, bioresources, biomass energy sources, bioeconomy, and to the broad field of environmental biotechnology, all of which are his main areas of expertise. Dr. Prasad has served the Government of Indias Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change as a member of various advisory committees on biodiversity conservation, ecosystem services, pollution control and abatement, environmental information systems and bioremediation of contaminated sites. He is an active visiting scientist for several international universities.