Contributors |
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xiii | |
About the editors |
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xix | |
Preface |
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xxiii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xxv | |
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1 Bioremediation of inorganic pollutants |
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1 Concept and types of bioremediation |
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3 | (1) |
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2 Concept of bioremediation--A convenient solution to the contamination of inorganic pollutants |
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3 | (1) |
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3 Types of bioremediation |
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4 | (2) |
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4 Challenges for bioremediation |
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6 | (1) |
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5 Conclusion and future prospects |
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7 | (1) |
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7 | (2) |
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2 The use of industrial and food crops for the rehabilitation of areas contaminated with metal (loid)s: Physiological and molecular mechanisms of tolerance |
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1 Physiological and molecular mechanisms of metal(loid)s tolerance in plants |
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9 | (5) |
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2 Rehabilitation with industrial and food crops |
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14 | (2) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (7) |
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3 Mechanistic overview of metal tolerance in edible plants: A physiological and molecular perspective |
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23 | (1) |
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2 Status and sources of metal contamination |
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24 | (1) |
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3 Positive aspects of metals in plant metabolism |
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24 | (7) |
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4 Adverse impact of metal toxicity on morphological, physiological, and yield traits of edible plants |
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31 | (3) |
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5 Physiological and biochemical mechanism favoured by plants for metal toxicity |
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34 | (2) |
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6 Enhancing metal toxicity tolerance in edible plants |
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36 | (4) |
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40 | (9) |
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4 Phytoextraction of heavy metals by weeds: Physiological and molecular intervention |
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49 | (1) |
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2 Different weeds used for phytoextraction |
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50 | (1) |
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3 Physiological mechanism for removal of HMs |
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51 | (2) |
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4 Molecular mechanism for HM removal |
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53 | (3) |
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5 Improvising weed for increasing phytoextraction |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (4) |
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5 Phytomanagement of As-contaminated matrix: Physiological and molecular basis |
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Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani |
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61 | (1) |
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2 Arsenic in the environment |
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62 | (1) |
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3 Chemistry of As with P, S, and Fe |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (2) |
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5 Remedial measures for the mitigation of As bioavailability and toxicity in contaminated soils |
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66 | (7) |
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6 Conclusion and future perspective |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (8) |
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6 Metallothionein-assisted phytoremediation of inorganic pollutants |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (1) |
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3 Roles of MTs in phytoremediation of HMs |
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82 | (4) |
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86 | (1) |
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86 | (1) |
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87 | (1) |
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87 | (4) |
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7 Phytochelatins and their relationship with modulation of cadmium tolerance in plants |
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91 | (1) |
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2 Expression of phytochelatin synthase in plants under cadmium exposure |
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92 | (1) |
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3 Determination of phytochelatins in plants under cadmium stress |
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93 | (9) |
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4 Phytochelatin synthase-based plant genetic engineering for modulating cadmium tolerance |
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102 | (4) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (9) |
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8 Role of glutathione in enhancing metal hyperaccumulation in plants |
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115 | (1) |
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2 Heavy metal plant hyperaccumulators |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (3) |
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4 The total role of glutathione in protecting against HM |
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120 | (2) |
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122 | (5) |
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6 Glutathione S-transferase |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (5) |
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135 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (15) |
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9 Thiol-dependent metal hyperaccumulation and tolerance in plants |
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153 | (1) |
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2 Harmful effects of various heavy metals in plants |
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154 | (1) |
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3 Transportation pathway of heavy metal |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (4) |
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5 Molecular mechanism related to GSH, PCs, and MTs mediated tolerance in plants |
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160 | (1) |
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6 Conclusions and future prospects |
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161 | (1) |
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161 | (4) |
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10 Role of redox system in enhancement of phytoremediation capacity in plants |
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165 | (1) |
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2 Sources of heavy metals in the contaminated soils |
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166 | (3) |
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3 Types of pollutants and their potential risks |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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5 The concept of "cellular redox state" and influence of Eh on soil pollution |
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170 | (2) |
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6 Mechanisms of heavy metal resistance |
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172 | (5) |
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7 Molecular approach for phytoremediation in relation to plant redox system |
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177 | (6) |
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8 Conclusion and future prospects |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (12) |
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11 Role of reactive nitrogen species in enhancing metal/metalloid tolerance in plants: A basis of phytoremediation |
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196 | (1) |
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2 Metal accumulation: A higher risk |
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196 | (1) |
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3 Production of reactive nitrogen species |
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197 | (2) |
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4 Role of nitrogen species in plant tolerance |
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199 | (1) |
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5 Metal tolerance: Key behind phytoremediation |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (4) |
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12 The antioxidant defense system and bioremediation |
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205 | (1) |
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2 Oxidative stress induced by heavy metals |
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206 | (2) |
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3 Activity of the antioxidative system under conditions of excessive heavy metal accumulation |
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208 | (2) |
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4 The ability of plants to accumulate heavy metals--Plants that potentially tolerate an increased heavy metal content |
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210 | (3) |
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5 Phytoremediation of soils contaminated with heavy metals |
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213 | (2) |
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215 | (6) |
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13 Interplay between selenium and mineral elements to improve plant growth and development |
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221 | (5) |
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226 | (1) |
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3 Selenium and phosphorus |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (5) |
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14 Physiological basis of arsenic accumulation in aquatic plants |
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237 | (1) |
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2 Uptake of arsenic by plants |
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237 | (2) |
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3 Factors affecting uptake and accumulation of As |
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239 | (1) |
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4 As uptake in aquatic plants |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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15 Alteration of plant physiology by the application of biochar for remediation of metals |
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245 | (1) |
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2 Biochar and its preparation |
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246 | (1) |
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3 Mechanism of removal of major pollutants by biochar |
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247 | (1) |
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4 Effects of biochar on soil properties |
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248 | (2) |
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5 Effects of biochar on plant physiology |
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250 | (1) |
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6 Adverse effects of heavy metals on different physiological mechanisms |
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251 | (2) |
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7 Plant characteristics improved by biochar |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (7) |
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16 Plant-microbe interaction: Relevance for phytoremediation of heavy metals |
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263 | (1) |
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2 Root-associated microbiota |
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264 | (2) |
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3 Plant-microbe interaction |
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266 | (1) |
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4 Mode of action of root-associated bacteria in alleviating heavy metal stress in plant |
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267 | (1) |
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5 Role of plant-microbe interaction in improving phytoremediation |
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268 | (2) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (6) |
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17 Molecular and cellular changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-plant interaction in cadmium contamination |
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Laize Aparecida Ferreira Vilela |
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277 | (1) |
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2 AMF and mycorrhizal symbiosis |
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277 | (1) |
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3 Mechanisms of mycorrhizal symbiosis in mitigating the cadmium toxicity |
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278 | (1) |
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4 Molecular and cellular changes of mycorrhizal plants in cadmium-contaminated soils |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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280 | (5) |
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18 Potential use of efficient resistant plant growth promoting hizobacteria in biofertilization and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil |
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285 | (1) |
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2 Characterization of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and their role in HM tolerance mechanisms |
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286 | (1) |
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3 Effect of HM soil contamination on activation of antioxidant enzyme and gene level expression of protein transporter in legumes inoculated by PGPR |
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287 | (1) |
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4 Application of PGPR in phytoremediation of HM-contaminated soil |
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288 | (1) |
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5 Agricultural practices of PGPRs as biofertilizers |
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289 | (1) |
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290 | (2) |
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292 | (3) |
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19 Ecological and physiological features of metal accumulation of halophytic plants on the White Sea coast |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (3) |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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303 | (4) |
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20 Role of secondary metabolites in salt and heavy metal stress mitigation by halophytic plants: An overview |
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307 | (2) |
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2 Mechanism of adaptation of halophytes under saline condition |
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309 | (2) |
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3 Mechanisms of halophyte tolerance to heavy metal stress |
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311 | (3) |
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4 Secondary metabolites and their role in defense mechanism of halophytic plants to salinity and heavy metal stress |
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314 | (7) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (1) |
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321 | (8) |
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21 Genetics of metal hyperaccumulation in plants |
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329 | (1) |
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2 Sources of heavy metal contamination |
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330 | (2) |
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3 Remediation techniques for heavy metals |
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332 | (4) |
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4 ROS production and anti-oxidant defense mechanism in hyperaccumulators |
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336 | (1) |
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5 Molecular mechanism of phytremediation |
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336 | (1) |
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6 Conclusion and future prospects |
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337 | (1) |
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337 | (4) |
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22 Gene regulation in halophytes in conferring salt tolerance |
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Shahzad Maqsood Ahmed Basra |
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1 Introduction and background of halophytes |
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341 | (2) |
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2 Regulation of salinity in halophytes |
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343 | (3) |
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3 Metabolical and physiological adaptations in halophyte dimorphic seed |
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346 | (7) |
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4 Gene regulation conferring salt tolerance in halophytes |
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353 | (4) |
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5 Cloning of halophyte genes in glycophytes/genetic engineering to make salt-tolerant plants |
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357 | (4) |
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6 Conclusion and future outlooks |
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361 | (1) |
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362 | (1) |
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362 | (9) |
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23 Recent advances toward exploiting medicinal plants as phytoremediators |
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371 | (3) |
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374 | (1) |
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374 | (2) |
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376 | (1) |
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377 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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378 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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380 | (1) |
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380 | (5) |
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24 Can plants be considered as phytoremediators for desalination of saline wastewater: A comprehensive review |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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3 What are the factors that cause salinity in water and soils? |
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386 | (1) |
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4 What are the environmental effects of salinity? |
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387 | (1) |
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5 Saline water classification |
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387 | (1) |
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6 Effect of wastewater on water resources |
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388 | (1) |
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7 What does water pollution mean? |
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388 | (1) |
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8 How phytoremediation technology can remove pollutants? |
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389 | (1) |
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9 Effective phytoremediation mechanisms in wastewater disposal |
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390 | (1) |
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10 Phytoremediation application in pollutants and salinity removal |
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391 | (1) |
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11 Which plants can be used in phytoremediation for the desalination of saline wastewater? |
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392 | (1) |
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392 | (1) |
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393 | (4) |
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25 Genomics in understanding bioremediation of inorganic pollutants |
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397 | (1) |
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2 Molecular approach for monitoring and validating microbial bioremediation |
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398 | (1) |
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3 Omics-approaches in bioremediation |
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398 | (3) |
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4 Genomics, system biology and bioremediation |
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401 | (1) |
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5 Genetically engineered microbes for bioremediation |
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402 | (1) |
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6 Genomics and microbial analysis |
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403 | (1) |
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7 Application of metagenomic for bioremediation |
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404 | (1) |
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8 Challenges and future prospective |
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405 | (1) |
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405 | (6) |
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26 Genetic engineering of plants to tolerate toxic metals and metalloids |
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411 | (1) |
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2 Mechanisms of toxic metals and metalloids tolerance |
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412 | (3) |
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3 Genetic engineering for toxic metals and metalloids tolerance |
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415 | (5) |
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4 Genetically engineered plants for metals and metalloids tolerance |
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420 | (5) |
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5 Potential role of microorganisms in the remediation of toxic metals |
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425 | (1) |
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6 Integration of OMICS approaches to develop plants for metals/metalloids tolerance OR to identify stress-related genes and regulators |
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426 | (2) |
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7 Conclusion and future perspectives |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (1) |
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428 | (9) |
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27 Role of metal-binding proteins and peptides in bioremediation of toxic metals |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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5 Metal-binding proteins (MBPs) |
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440 | (1) |
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6 Heavy metal resistance mechanisms |
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441 | (1) |
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7 Expression of various heterologous metallothioneins |
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442 | (1) |
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8 Conclusion and future prospects |
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442 | (1) |
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442 | (5) |
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2 Bioremediation of organic pollutants |
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28 Physiological and molecular basis of bioremediation of icropollutants |
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447 | (1) |
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2 Classification of emerging pollutants |
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448 | (1) |
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449 | (3) |
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4 Enzymatic biodegradation |
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452 | (4) |
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5 Some operative and technological solutions |
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456 | (2) |
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6 Pros and cons of microbes-based biodegradation of micropollutants |
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458 | (1) |
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459 | (6) |
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29 Plant enzymes in metabolism of organic pollutants |
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465 | (1) |
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2 Physicochemical methodology for remediation of organic pollutants |
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466 | (1) |
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3 Enzymes for remediation and degradation of organic pollutants |
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467 | (2) |
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4 Enzymatic strategies for remediation |
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469 | (2) |
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5 Conclusions and future prospects |
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471 | (1) |
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471 | (4) |
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30 Alteration of plant physiology by the application of biochar for remediation of organic pollutants |
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475 | (3) |
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478 | (2) |
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480 | (1) |
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4 Role of biochar in remediation |
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481 | (3) |
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5 Role of biochar in improving plant physiology and growth under different OPs |
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484 | (2) |
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486 | (1) |
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486 | (8) |
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31 Role of reactive nitrogen species in mitigating organic pollutant-induced plant damages |
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494 | (1) |
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2 Sources of organic pollutants |
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494 | (1) |
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3 Types of organic pollutants |
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494 | (1) |
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4 Organic pollutants characteristics |
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495 | (1) |
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5 Factors affecting organic pollutants uptake in plants |
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495 | (1) |
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6 Uptake and translocation of organic pollutants in plants |
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496 | (1) |
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7 Effects of organic pollutants on plants |
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496 | (3) |
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8 Remediation of organic pollutants |
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499 | (1) |
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9 Reactive nitrogen species |
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499 | (1) |
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10 Functions of RNS in plants |
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499 | (1) |
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11 Alleviation of organic pollutants induced negative effects in plants |
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500 | (1) |
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501 | (1) |
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501 | (4) |
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32 Antioxidant defense systems in bioremediation of organic pollutants |
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505 | (1) |
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506 | (1) |
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507 | (3) |
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4 Organic pollutants and plants interaction |
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510 | (1) |
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5 Abiotic stress induced by organic pollutants |
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511 | (1) |
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6 Antioxidant defense system of microbes and plants to cope organic pollutants |
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512 | (4) |
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7 Conclusion and recommendations |
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516 | (1) |
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516 | (7) |
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33 Role of glutathione in enhancing plant tolerance to organic pollutants |
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523 | (1) |
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524 | (1) |
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3 Glutathione: Synthesis and regulation |
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524 | (3) |
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4 Glutathione induced antioxidative defense under stress |
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527 | (1) |
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5 Detoxification of OPs in plants |
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528 | (1) |
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6 Detoxification mediated by glutathione |
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528 | (3) |
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531 | (1) |
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531 | (1) |
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531 | (4) |
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34 Physiological and molecular basis for remediation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons |
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535 | (2) |
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537 | (1) |
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538 | (1) |
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4 Physiological aspects of PAH degradation |
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538 | (4) |
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5 Molecular aspects and the techniques used in bioremediation |
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542 | (4) |
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546 | (1) |
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547 | (4) |
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35 Physiological and molecular basis for remediation of pesticides |
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1 Pesticide: An environmental pollutant |
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551 | (1) |
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2 Status of pesticides in India and world |
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552 | (1) |
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3 Advantages of pesticides |
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552 | (2) |
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4 Disadvantages of pesticides |
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554 | (1) |
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5 Kind of pesticides used for agriculture production |
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554 | (1) |
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6 Remediation of pesticides |
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555 | (4) |
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7 Molecular aspects of pesticide remediation |
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559 | (4) |
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563 | (1) |
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563 | (6) |
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36 Environmental concerns associated with explosives (HMX, TNT, and RDX), heavy metals and metalloids from shooting range soils: Prevailing issues, leading management practices, and future perspectives |
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Pia Muhammad Adnan Ramzani |
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569 | (1) |
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2 Classification of military firing ranges |
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570 | (1) |
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3 Categorization of explosive materials |
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571 | (1) |
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4 Environmental risks from firing ranges |
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572 | (1) |
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5 Detrimental effects of shooting ranges on biota |
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573 | (1) |
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6 Factors influencing the bioavailability of explosives and metal(loid)s in SRSLs |
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574 | (3) |
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7 Harsh remediation methods for metal(loid)s removal |
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577 | (1) |
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8 Phytomanagement practices deployed for explosives, metal(loid)s contaminated SRSLs |
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578 | (6) |
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584 | (1) |
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584 | (7) |
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37 Physiological and molecular basis of plants tolerance to linear halogenated hydrocarbons |
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|
591 | (1) |
|
2 Aliphatic halogenated hydrocarbons, uses and hazards |
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
3 Types of linear halogenated hydrocarbon pollutants |
|
|
593 | (1) |
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
5 Phytoremediation of chlorinated hydrocarbon pollutants |
|
|
594 | (3) |
|
6 Metabolic pathway of organic compounds by plants |
|
|
597 | (1) |
|
7 Transcription of detoxification genes during TCE metabolism |
|
|
598 | (1) |
|
8 Bioremediation of halogenated hydrocarbons |
|
|
599 | (2) |
|
|
601 | (2) |
|
38 Molecular basis of plant-microbe interaction in remediating organic pollutants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
603 | (5) |
|
|
608 | (4) |
|
3 Molecular approaches to study microbial bioremediation |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
4 Metagenomics in bioremediation |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
5 Metatranscriptomics and proteomics in bioremediation |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
6 Microbial metabolomics and fluxomics in bioremediation |
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
7 Metagenomics in plant-microbe interactions and its significance for bioremediation |
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
617 | (8) |
|
39 Microbial degradation of organic pollutants using indigenous bacterial strains |
|
|
|
|
|
|
625 | (1) |
|
2 Bacterial adaptation mechanisms in organic pollutants stress |
|
|
625 | (2) |
|
3 Reasons/sources of organic pollution |
|
|
627 | (1) |
|
4 Persistent organic pollutants |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
5 Resistance of persistent organic pollutants POPs to environmental degradation processes and need of biodegradation |
|
|
629 | (1) |
|
6 Physiological parameter affecting the efficacy of bioremediation |
|
|
629 | (2) |
|
7 Strain improvement and development for bioremediation of complex organic pollutants |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
8 Recalcitrance of some environmental pollutants and their derivatives |
|
|
631 | (1) |
|
9 Implication of biotechnological ways in biodegradation |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
|
632 | (7) |
|
40 Molecular basis of plant-microbe interaction in remediating pesticides |
|
|
|
|
|
|
639 | (1) |
|
2 Different groups of pesticides |
|
|
639 | (2) |
|
3 Mechanism of pesticide rhizoremediation |
|
|
641 | (1) |
|
4 Enzymes involved in pesticide degradation |
|
|
642 | (1) |
|
5 Genetic engineering approaches |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
6 Conclusion and future perspectives |
|
|
644 | (1) |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
645 | (1) |
|
|
646 | (3) |
|
41 Molecular and cellular changes of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-plant interaction in pesticide contamination |
|
|
|
Laize Aparecida Ferreira Vilela |
|
|
|
|
649 | (1) |
|
2 Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi |
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
3 Effect of pesticides on diversity and development of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and mycorrhizal plants |
|
|
650 | (3) |
|
4 Molecular changes of mycorrhizal plants in pesticide-contaminated soils |
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
5 Final considerations and future perspectives |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
654 | (3) |
|
42 Biodegradation of explosives by transgenic plants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
2 Classification of explosives |
|
|
658 | (2) |
|
3 Prospects for biodegradation of explosives by plants |
|
|
660 | (2) |
|
4 Enhancing biodegradation through genetic modification |
|
|
662 | (1) |
|
5 Uptake and metabolism of explosives |
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
664 | (4) |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
10 Biodegradation of nitrate esters |
|
|
670 | (1) |
|
11 Conclusions and future prospects |
|
|
671 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (1) |
|
|
672 | (5) |
|
43 Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs): Characteristics, toxicity, phytoremediation, and use of transgenic plants for PCBs degradation |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
679 | (2) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
|
681 | (1) |
|
9 Potential exposure pathways |
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
10 Environmental transport and fate |
|
|
682 | (2) |
|
11 Transformation and degradation |
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
686 | (3) |
|
44 Remediation of organic pollutants by Brassica species |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
689 | (1) |
|
2 Types, sources, and fate of organic pollutants in the environment |
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
3 Environmental concerns associated with organic pollutants |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
4 Physiological, morphological, and biochemical aspects of Brassica species |
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
5 Growth of brassica on contaminated soils |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
6 Mechanisms of phytoremediation in Brassica |
|
|
692 | (2) |
|
7 Microbial interactions of Brassica to remediate organic pollutants in soils |
|
|
694 | (1) |
|
8 Use of organic and inorganic amendments to accelerate the phytoremediation potential of Brassica |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
9 Safe disposal of contaminated Brassica plants |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
695 | (1) |
|
|
696 | (5) |
|
45 Bioremediation of organic contaminants based on biowaste composting practices |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
701 | (1) |
|
2 Composting as a sustainable biowaste management practice |
|
|
702 | (1) |
|
3 Bioremediation through composting of organic wastes |
|
|
703 | (8) |
|
4 Land farming combined with composting of biowaste |
|
|
711 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (1) |
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
46 Bioremediation of organic dyes using plants |
|
|
|
|
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
2 Source of organic pollutants |
|
|
717 | (6) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
723 | (1) |
|
|
724 | (3) |
Index |
|
727 | |