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El. knyga: Handbook on ICT in Developing Countries: 5G Perspective

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  • Formatas: 394 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Sep-2022
  • Leidėjas: River Publishers
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000793253
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Handbook on ICT in Developing Countries: 5G PerspectiveDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 394 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Sep-2022
  • Leidėjas: River Publishers
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000793253
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The mobile communications market in developing countries is growing at a rapid rate. This is evident in the rapid spread of mobile broadband cellular networks such as 3G. 4G is also being deployed in developing countries around the world. As the global communications market proceeds towards 5G, it is evident that developing countries will not be left behind. However, there are challenges and barriers on the road ahead specific to developing countries. To aid policy makers, researchers and members of the academia make informed decision that will help the advancement of 5G, this handbook provides an insight into the impact of existing mobile cellular networks in some developing countries.

Topics discussed in this handbook include:
• Digital divide
• Policy outlook
• 5G and rural areas
• 5G readiness
• Telco Business models
• Telecom tower pricing
• Mobile application adoption
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
List of Figures xix
List of Tables xxi
List of Abbreviations xxiii
Introduction 1(10)
1 The Evolution of Universal Service in Vietnam and Its Implication for 5G 11(26)
Thai Do Manh
1.1 Introduction
11(1)
1.2 Overview of the Vietnamese Telecoms Policy and Market
12(5)
1.2.1 A Snapshot on the Evolution of the Telecom Market in Vietnam
12(2)
1.2.2 A Snapshot of Vietnamese Telecom Policy Approach
14(3)
1.3 The Evolution of Universal Service Policies in Vietnam
17(14)
1.3.1 Before 2005
18(3)
1.3.2 From 2005-2010: Program on Provision of Public Telecommunications Services until 2010
21(2)
1.3.3 Key Stakeholders in Implementing Program 74
23(6)
1.3.3.1 The stakeholders carried out the provision of universal services
23(3)
1.3.3.2 The initiatives implemented in Vietnam
26(3)
1.3.4 From 2010-Now: Program on the Provision of Public Telecommunications Services until 2020
29(1)
1.3.4.1 Overview of Program 1168
29(1)
1.3.5 The Stakeholders Carried Out the Provision of Universal Services for Program 1168
30(1)
1.4 Vietnamese Approach towards Developing the Telecoms Market
31(2)
1.4.1 On the Supply Side
31(2)
1.4.1.1 Subsidies for development of infrastructure-the Broadband Connection Plan
31(1)
1.4.1.2 Subsidies for development and maintenance public internet access centres-the Public Connection Plan
32(1)
1.4.2 On the Demand Side
33(7)
1.4.2.1 Subsidies for demand-the Institutes Connection Plan
33(1)
1.5 The Implication of the Vietnamese Approach to the Development of 5G Infrastructure and Services
33(2)
1.6 Conclusion
35(2)
2 Regulatory Challenges Affecting ICT Development in Ukraine 37(40)
Olga Kretova
2.1 Introduction
37(1)
2.2 Overview of Policies and Regulations Governing ICT in Ukraine
38(2)
2.3 The National ICT Sector
40(7)
2.3.1 Mobile Communication Technologies
40(2)
2.3.2 Mobile Broadband-3G Introduction
42(2)
2.3.3 Broadband Access Technologies
44(3)
2.4 The Transformation of Regulatory Policy in Ukraine
47(17)
2.4.1 1991-2000 Post Soviet Transformation, the Monopoly of the Dominant Operator
47(3)
2.4.2 2001-2008 The Regulatory Authority, Inefficient Regulatory Intervention
50(4)
2.4.2.1 Regulatory initiatives adopted by NCCIR
51(1)
2.4.2.2 Emerging outcome to telecom regulations in the Ukraine
52(2)
2.4.3 2009-2016 Decisive and Pro-Investment Regulatory Intervention
54(6)
2.4.3.1 The promotion of competition
54(3)
2.4.3.2 The privatization of Ukrtelecom
57(3)
2.4.4 Regulation. The EU-Ukraine Cooperation
60(4)
2.4.4.1 ICT benefits from the EU-Ukraine cooperation
64(1)
2.5 e-Government Implementation in Ukraine
64(8)
2.5.1 Regulations and e-Government Implementation
65(5)
2.5.2 The Role of Civil Society in e-government Reforms
70(2)
2.6 Conclusion
72(5)
3 The Will to Innovate in Colombia: ICT Policies as a Means for Improving Education 77(22)
Gary Cifuentes
3.1 Introduction: ICT Policies as a Will to Improve
77(3)
3.1.1 Overview of National ICT for Education Policies
78(2)
3.1.2 The Will to Improve
80(1)
3.2 Innovating in Higher Education: The Colombian Case
80(5)
3.3 Enacting the Will to Innovate
85(9)
3.3.1 The Will to Innovate by Virtualising
86(1)
3.3.2 The Will to Innovate by Training
87(2)
3.3.3 The Will to Innovate by Planning
89(2)
3.3.4 The Will to Innovate by Producing Digital Resources
91(1)
3.3.5 The Will to Innovate by Researching
92(1)
3.3.6 Summary on the will to Innovate in Colombia
93(1)
3.4 Discussion
94(2)
3.5 Conclusions
96(2)
Acknowledgements
98(1)
4 The Role of Zero-Rating and Free Data in Promoting Next Generation Networks in Emerging Countries 99(22)
Roslyn Layton
4.1 Introduction
99(1)
4.2 Debate
100(3)
4.3 Adoption
103(3)
4.3.1 Affordability
103(2)
4.3.2 Relevance
105(1)
4.3.3 Readiness
105(1)
4.4 Reasons to Use Differential Pricing, Zero-Rating and Free Data
106(5)
4.4.1 Improve the Economics for Capital Investment
106(1)
4.4.2 Support Competition in the Market for Mobile Subscription, Content and Advertising
107(2)
4.4.3 Supporting App and Content Development
109(5)
4.4.3.1 Free basics
109(2)
4.5 Strategies for Building the Digital Economy of Developing Countries
111(3)
4.6 Five Questions for Regulators to Adjudicate
114(7)
4.6.1 What Perfect or Very Close Substitutes Would the Zero-Rating Offer Foreclose?
115(1)
4.6.2 Does the Usage of Zero-Rated Application Cost to the Operator Less Than Equivalent Usage of Non-Zero-Rated Applications?
116(1)
4.6.3 Is Zero-Rated Access to a Subset of Applications Intended to Increase the Number of Individuals Using the Internet?
116(1)
4.6.4 Which Party Makes the Zero-Rating Complaint?
117(1)
4.6.5 Is Zero-Rating Being Used to Access a Site for Which the User Then Pays a Fee?
118(3)
5 Digital Divide: The Case of Africa 121(28)
Gregory Kunyenje
5.1 Introduction
121(1)
Part 1: Historical and Theoretical Overview on Digital Divide
122(14)
5.2 Historical Overview of Digital Divide
122(1)
5.3 Perspectives on Digital Divide
123(5)
5.3.1 What Is Digital Divide?
123(2)
5.3.2 Digital Dividend and Digital-Divide
125(1)
5.3.3 The Internet and Digital Divide
125(1)
5.3.4 Why Discuss Digital Divide?
125(1)
5.3.5 Nature of the Divide
126(1)
5.3.6 Previous Studies on the Digital Divide
127(1)
5.4 Overview of Factors Influencing the Digital Divide
128(4)
5.4.1 Economic Variables
130(1)
5.4.2 Demographic Variables
131(1)
5.4.3 Telecommunication Pricing Measures
131(1)
5.4.4 Policy and Operational Barriers
131(1)
5.5 Disadvantaged Groups in the Digital Divide in Africa
132(4)
5.5.1 Gender Issues in the Digital Divide
133(2)
5.5.2 The Elite versus the Poor
135(1)
Part 2: Mobile Telephony and Digital Divide in Africa
136(6)
5.6 Cellular Mobile Communications
136(6)
5.6.1 Cellular Architectures
138(1)
5.6.2 Impact of the Wireless Technologies on Digital Divide in Africa
139(3)
Part 3: Current Policy Solutions
142(7)
5.7 Enabling Policies
142(4)
5.7.1 Case Studies
142(4)
5.7.2 Why the Problem Still Exists in Africa
146(1)
5.8 Author's Views on Digital Divide
146(2)
5.9 Conclusion
148(1)
6 M-Health in Africa: A Situation Analysis 149(24)
Adebowale Ojo
6.1 Introduction
149(2)
6.2 Overview of M-Health
151(4)
6.3 mHealth State in Africa
155(7)
6.4 Case Studies
162(3)
6.4.1 cSTOCK
162(1)
6.4.2 MomConnect
162(1)
6.4.3 U-Report
163(1)
6.4.4 mHero
164(1)
6.4.5 RapidSMS Rwanda
165(1)
6.4.6 Airtel/MicroEnsure
165(1)
6.5 Challenges and Way Forward
165(5)
6.6 Conclusion
170(3)
7 Leveraging TV White Spaces as a Tool for Improved Rural Broadband Connectivity in Developing Countries: An Operational Perspective 173(18)
Alexander Osei-Owusu
Iwona Maria Windekilde
Rebecca Agyemang Nyarko
7.1 Introduction
174(1)
7.2 Literature Review
175(3)
7.3 TVWS Network Setup at Case Study Location-Koforidua Polytechnic
178(1)
7.4 Operational Feasibility Analysis
179(6)
7.4.1 Signal Strength and Throughput Test
180(2)
7.4.2 Ping Test
182(3)
7.5 Cost Comparison of Deploying TVWS Broadband and 3G Broadband
185(1)
7.6 Conclusions
186(5)
7.6.1 Policy Recommendation for Digital Inclusion-Northern Ghana
187(1)
7.6.2 Ghana Landscape and Line of Sight Communication
188(3)
8 Towards Smart Farming? Mobile Technology Trends and Their Potential for Developing Country Agriculture 191(20)
Heike Baumuller
8.1 Introduction
191(2)
8.2 Mobile Technology Trends
193(9)
8.2.1 Diversity of Personal Mobile Devices and Delivery Channels
194(4)
8.2.2 Internet of Things
198(1)
8.2.3 Capitalizing on Networks and a Large User Base
199(3)
8.3 Scenarios for the Evolution of Technology Trends and M-Services
202(7)
8.3.1 Implications for Agricultural M-Services
204(1)
8.3.2 Diverse Devices
205(1)
8.3.3 Internet of Things
206(2)
8.3.4 Capitalizing on Networks
208(1)
8.4 Conclusion
209(1)
References
210(1)
9 How Africa Can Gain Benefits from Next Generation Networks 211(24)
Tomonari Takeuchi
9.1 Introduction
211(1)
9.2 Background on ICT for Development in Africa
212(2)
9.3 Development Agenda and ICT
214(3)
9.3.1 From Past to Present
214(1)
9.3.2 Present
215(1)
9.3.3 Future
216(1)
9.4 Issues and Challenges
217(7)
9.4.1 Drawback of ICT4D
217(1)
9.4.2 Drawbacks of New Technologies
218(4)
9.4.2.1 IoT
218(2)
9.4.2.2 AI
220(1)
9.4.2.3 3D printing
221(1)
9.4.3 Negative Impact of Digital Development
222(2)
9.5 Platform Enclosure by Huge Companies
224(4)
9.5.1 Enclosure of IoT Market
224(1)
9.5.2 Enclosure of the Internet Service
225(1)
9.5.3 Sharing Economy
226(1)
9.5.4 The Future of Africa (Worst-Case Scenario)
227(1)
9.6 ICT Policy for the Digital Development Era
228(5)
9.6.1 Reconsideration of ICT Policy Intervention
228(2)
9.6.2 Encouragement of Business Ecosystem
230(1)
9.6.3 Improvement of Human Resources
231(1)
9.6.4 Promotion of Local and Intrinsic Market (Original Market in the Flattening World)
232(1)
9.6.5 Coordination and Cooperation with Stakeholders
232(1)
9.7 Conclusion
233(2)
10 Rural Broadband in Developing Regions: Alternative Research Agendas for the 5G Era 235(42)
Dario M. Goussal
10.1 Introduction
235(2)
Section 1
237(13)
10.2 Rural Flashbacks
237(13)
10.2.1 Rural 50: The Truly Disruption?
238(4)
10.2.2 The Third Century of an Unaccomplished Development Effort
242(1)
10.2.3 Rural Broadband and Development
243(2)
10.2.4 International Cooperation in 5G
245(1)
10.2.5 The Long-Lasting Nature of Rural Telecommunications Research
245(3)
10.2.6 Horizontal and Vertical Research
248(1)
10.2.7 Bottom-Up and Neutral Research
249(1)
Section 2
250(23)
10.3 Alternative Research Agendas
250(23)
10.3.1 Research Policies: Feedback from The Missing Link?
255(1)
10.3.1.1 Lifecycle management and cost engineering
259(1)
10.3.1.2 Utility cooperatives
261(1)
10.3.1.3 Rural demand
264(1)
10.3.1.4 Marginal impact
266(1)
10.3.1.5 Feasibility from the demand side
268(1)
10.3.1.6 Data granularity
270(3)
Section 3
273(4)
10.4 Examples of Promising Directions for Rural 50
273(2)
10.4.1 Channel Modelling for Millimeter Wave: Unexpected Findings?
273(1)
10.4.2 Big Data and Geospatial Analysis
274(1)
10.4.3 MU-MIMO-OFDM in Rural UHF Macro Cells
275(1)
10.5 Concluding Remarks
275(2)
11 Public-Private-Community Organizational and Financial Strategy for Developing 5G Infrastructure and Services in Rural Asia: The Case of Thailand, Indonesia, and the Philippines 277(36)
Idongesit Williams
11.1 Introduction
277(2)
Part 1
279(11)
11.2 Introduction to the PPC Concept
279(6)
11.2.1 What Is and What Is Not a PPC
279(2)
11.2.2 Types of PPCs
281(1)
11.2.3 Core Characteristics of PPCs
281(1)
11.2.3.1 Intention to initiate
281(1)
11.2.3.2 Expected incentives
283(1)
11.2.3.3 Expected stakeholder functions
284(1)
11.3 The Rationale for PPC
285(2)
11.3.1 The Rapid Evolution of Mobile Technology
285(1)
11.3.2 The Failure of Competition
286(1)
11.3.3 The Need for PPC and Opportunity for PPCs in Asia
286(1)
11.4 The Potential of PPC in the Delivery of 50 in Rural Areas in Developing Countries
287(3)
11.4.1 Potential Community and Potential Demand
288(1)
11.4.2 Potential Supply Possibilities
289(1)
11.4.3 Potential PPC Organizational and Financial Strategy
290(1)
Part 2
290(23)
11.5 Inspiration for the Organizational Framework for Supplying Telecom Infrastructure
290(7)
11.5.1 Background for the Organizational and Financial Strategy
291(1)
11.5.2 Municipality Action
292(1)
11.5.3 Description of the Organizational and Financial Strategy
293(4)
11.6 Demand Assessment for Indonesia, Philippines and Thailand
297(5)
11.6.1 Overview of the Adoption of Broadband in Indonesia, Thailand and the Philippines
297(1)
11.6.2 The Existence of Huge Rural Commercial Cooperatives in the Three Countries
298(3)
11.6.3 The Need for ICT by the Cooperatives
301(1)
11.6.4 The Potential for Network Effect
301(1)
11.7 Potential Supply Possibilities
302(2)
11.7.1 The Infrastructure to Be Supplied
303(1)
11.8 The Role of the Stakeholders in the PPC Organizational and Financial Strategy
304(9)
11.8.1 The Public Sector Stakeholders
304(1)
11.8.1.1 Public sector stakeholders involved in the central coordination of the PPC
304(1)
11.8.1.2 Public sector stakeholders needed in the facilitation of the service platform
304(1)
11.8.1.3 Public sector stakeholders needed for the facilitation of the 5G network infrastructure
305(1)
11.8.1.4 Public sector stakeholder needed to facilitate capacity building
306(1)
11.8.2 The Private Network/Service Stakeholders
307(1)
11.8.2.1 Private sector stakeholder needed for 5G infrastructure delivery
307(1)
11.8.2.2 Private sector stakeholder needed for the delivery of the service infrastructure
307(1)
11.9 Financial Design
308(2)
11.10 Discussion
310(1)
11.11 Conclusion
311(2)
References 313(42)
Index 355(2)
About the Editors 357(4)
About the Authors 361
Knud Erik Skouby, Idongesit Williams, Albert Gyamfi
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