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El. knyga: Handbook of Laboratory Animal Bacteriology

(Agriculture University, Frederiksberg, Denmark Royal Veterinary & Agricultural University),
  • Formatas: 300 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Nov-2014
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781482215458
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Handbook of Laboratory Animal BacteriologyDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 300 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 11-Nov-2014
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-13: 9781482215458
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A significant part of managing a laboratory animal colony is actually managing the bacteria found in and on laboratory rodents and rabbits. Colony managers, veterinary pathologists, and veterinarians will find this comprehensive guide to the bacterial phyla found in laboratory animals useful. Beginning with an introduction to bacteriology and sampling techniques, the bulk of the book focuses on describing the most common bacteria in animals with a specific focus on the bacteria that will interfere with research protocols. Included are details on differentiating between related bacteria, rodent bacteriology reagents and safety issues. The second edition has a new focus on sequencing technique and is reorganized to reflect the most up to date identification methods. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

The Handbook of Laboratory Animal Bacteriology, Second Edition provides comprehensive information on all bacterial phylae found in laboratory rodents and rabbits to assist managers, veterinary pathologists and laboratory animal veterinarians in the management of these organisms. The book starts by examining the general aspects of bacteriology and how to sample and identify bacteria in animals. It then describes the most relevant species within each phylum and discusses the impact they may have on research. Emphasizing those bacteria known to interfere with research protocols, the book offers methods for isolation and differentiation among related bacteria. It discusses where to purchase reagents for rodent bacteriology and outlines standards for safety in a bacteriological laboratory.

Highlights of the second edition:

  • Focuses on modern sequencing techniques based on molecular identification
  • Reorganizes content according to modern systematics based on new identification methods
  • Presents new chapters on mechanisms behind bacterial impact on animal models and on the systematic classification of bacteria
  • Provides information on a range of bacteria interfering with animal models for human disease, not only for those bacteria which cause disease in laboratory animal colonies
  • Includes new figures in color and with enhanced resolution

The book is essential reading for those interested in the management of organisms known to interfere with the colony health of rabbits and rodents used in research protocols—including facility managers, clinical veterinarians, veterinary pathologists, and researchers.

Recenzijos

"This textprovides updated information on new technologies commonly used in bacteriology, including standard molecular biologic techniques. Additionally, unlike the original edition, the authors provide commentary on how bacteria affect and can interfere with research animal models. The perspective of bacteriologists about the progress and new horizons for the field of bacteriology is well-written and will likely prove interesting to laboratory animal professionals. Chapters 2-6are also valuable reference material to laboratory animal professionals designing health programs, diagnosing clinical or subclinical disease, or investigating changes in research animal models." Melissa C. Dyson, DVM, MS, DACLAM, University of Michigan, in Laboratory Animal Practitioner

"Colony managers, veterinary pathologists, and veterinarians will find this comprehensive guide to the bacterial phyla found in laboratory animals useful. Beginning with an introduction to bacteriology and sampling techniques, the bulk of the book focuses on describing the most common bacteria in animals with a specific focus on the bacteria that will interfere with research protocols. Included are details on differentiating between related bacteria, rodent bacteriology reagents and safety issues. The second edition has a new focus on sequencing technique and is reorganized to reflect the most up to date identification methods." Ringgold, Inc. Book News, February 2015

Praise for the First Edition"this book provides precise methodology for the isolation and identification of bacteria that interfere with research protocols. It is logically organized, instructive, and progresses through animal sampling, bacterial culture, isolation, differentiation, and identification . The book is a valuable guide to the bacteriological monitoring of rodent and rabbit research animal colonies . It should be useful to laboratory animal health monitoring laborat

Preface xiii
About the Authors xv
Chapter 1 Laboratory animal bacteriology: The past, the present, and the future 1(14)
1.1 Foundation of the discipline of bacteriology
1(1)
1.2 The need for securing the absence of zoonoses
2(1)
1.3 Eradication of bacterial pathogens
2(3)
1.3.1 The early age of laboratory animal pathology
2(1)
1.3.2 Specific pathogen-free animal breeding and health monitoring
3(1)
1.3.3 New agents with a research-interfering potential
4(1)
1.3.4 The development of health monitoring
4(1)
1.4 The impact of the symbiotic microbiota
5(3)
1.4.1 The development of gnotobiotechnology
5(1)
1.4.2 Schaedler's flora
6(1)
1.4.3 Microbiome studies
7(1)
1.5 The future of laboratory animal bacteriology
8(2)
References
10(5)
Chapter 2 Sampling animals for bacteriological examination 15(34)
2.1 Examining healthy animals
15(5)
2.1.1 Sampling strategies
17(2)
2.1.1.1 Random sampling
17(1)
2.1.1.2 Calculation of the sample size
17(2)
2.1.2 Sampling frequency
19(1)
2.1.3 Defining the microbiological entity
19(1)
2.2 Characterization of the commensal microbiota
20(1)
2.3 Sampling procedures
21(24)
2.3.1 Planning the work
21(1)
2.3.2 Euthanasia
21(3)
2.3.3 Blood sampling
24(2)
2.3.4 Instruments and sterilizing procedures during sampling
26(1)
2.3.5 Opening and inspecting the carcass
27(1)
2.3.6 Sampling from various organs
27(7)
2.3.7 Sampling from diseased animals
34(2)
2.3.8 Sampling from live animals
36(19)
2.3.8.1 Sampling from the gut
36(3)
2.3.8.2 Sampling from the respiratory pathways
39(6)
References
45(4)
Chapter 3 Cultivation and identification of bacteria 49(22)
3.1 The basic steps in cultivation
49(1)
3.2 The choice of media
50(1)
3.3 Incubation of media
51(1)
3.4 Isolation of bacteria
52(1)
3.5 Initial characterization of the isolates
52(3)
3.6 Conclusive identification
55(12)
3.6.1 Specific techniques used for identification of bacteria
59(1)
3.6.1.1 Gram-stainability tests
59(8)
3.6.1.2 Other methods used for describing the shape of bacteria
61(1)
3.6.1.3 Motility tests
61(1)
3.6.1.4 Test for aerobic and anaerobic growth
62(1)
3.6.1.5 Catalase test
62(1)
3.6.1.6 Cytochrome oxidase test
62(1)
3.6.1.7 Acid-fast or spore staining
63(1)
3.6.1.8 Carbohydrate fermentation and utilization assays
63(1)
3.6.1.9 Disk methods
64(1)
3.6.1.10 Commercial test kits
64(3)
3.7 Molecular biology-based methods for rapid identification of microorganisms
67(2)
3.7.1 Extraction of DNA
67(1)
3.7.2 Grouping by repetitive DNA element PCR
67(1)
3.7.3 Identification by ribosomal RNA gene sequencing
68(1)
References
69(2)
Chapter 4 Immunological methods 71(20)
4.1 Antigens and antibodies
71(1)
4.2 Agglutination
72(1)
4.3 Immunofluorescence techniques
73(4)
4.3.1 Diagnosing the presence of bacteria in a sample
73(2)
4.3.2 The immunofluorescence assay
75(2)
4.4 Immunoenzymatic staining
77(2)
4.5 Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
79(8)
4.5.1 Principles
79(1)
4.5.2 The microtiter plates
79(3)
4.5.3 The antigen
82(1)
4.5.4 Antibodies, enzymes, and substrates
82(2)
4.5.5 Coating the wells
84(1)
4.5.6 Blocking the wells
85(1)
4.5.7 Performing the assay
86(1)
4.5.8 Control sera
87(1)
4.5.9 Interpretation of the OD value
87(1)
4.6 Immunoblotting
87(2)
4.7 Multiplex
89(1)
References
90(1)
Chapter 5 Molecular biology-based methods for microbiota characterization 91(12)
5.1 Why molecular biology-based methods?
91(1)
5.2 RNA and DNA storage and extraction
92(1)
5.3 Denaturing and temperature gradient gel electrophoresis
92(3)
5.4 Terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis
95(1)
5.5 Clone library analysis
95(2)
5.6 High-throughput sequencing
97(2)
5.7 Quantitative real-time PCR
99(1)
References
100(3)
Chapter 6 Mechanisms behind bacterial impact on animal models 103(24)
6.1 Mechanisms of pathogenicity and research interference from specific bacteria
103(7)
6.1.1 Pathogenicity versus research interference
103(1)
6.1.2 Epidemiological terms
104(1)
6.1.3 Host-bacterial interaction influencing pathogenicity and research interference
104(5)
6.1.3.1 Adhesins and receptors
106(2)
6.1.3.2 Toxins
108(1)
6.1.4 Host-environment interaction influencing pathogenicity and research interference
109(1)
6.2 Mechanisms of pathogenicity and research interference from the commensal gut microbiota
110(6)
6.2.1 Host-microbial interactions within immunity
110(5)
6.2.1.1 Interactions within acquired immunity
110(3)
6.2.1.2 Interactions within innate immunity
113(2)
6.2.2 Host-microbial interactions within metabolism
115(1)
References
116(11)
Chapter 7 Systematic classification of bacteria 127(6)
7.1 Domains of life
127(4)
7.1.1 Operational taxonomic units
127(1)
7.1.2 Members of the mice and rat microbiome
128(3)
References
131(2)
Chapter 8 Firmicutes 133(34)
8.1 Introduction
134(1)
8.2 Streptococcaceae
134(5)
8.2.1 Impact on the host
136(1)
8.2.1.1 Lancefield's groups A, B, C, and G
136(1)
8.2.1.2 Streptococcus pneumoniae
136(1)
8.2.1.3 Lancefield's group D
137(1)
8.2.1.4 Lactococcus spp.
137(1)
8.2.1.5 Gemella
137(1)
8.2.2 Characteristics of the agent
137(2)
8.3 Enterococcaceae
139(1)
8.4 Aerococcaceae
140(1)
8.5 Lactobacillaceae
140(1)
8.6 Leuconostaceae
141(1)
8.7 Staphylococcaceae
141(3)
8.7.1 Impact on the host
141(1)
8.7.2 Characteristics of the agent
141(3)
8.8 Bacillaceae
144(2)
8.8.1 Impact on the host
144(1)
8.8.2 Characteristics of the agent
144(2)
8.9 Listeriaceae
146(1)
8.9.1 Impact on the host
146(1)
8.9.2 Characteristics of the agent
146(1)
8.10 Erysipelotrichidae
147(2)
8.11 Clostridiaceae
149(9)
8.11.1 Impact on the host
149(4)
8.11.1.1 Clostridium difficile and C. perfringens
150(1)
8.11.1.2 Clostridium spiroforme
150(1)
8.11.1.3 Clostridium piliforme
150(1)
8.11.1.4 Segmented filamentous bacteria (Candidatus savagella)
151(1)
8.11.1.5 Faecalibacterium prausnitzii
152(1)
8.11.2 Characteristics of the agent
153(15)
8.11.2.1 Clostridium difficile and C. perfringens
153(3)
8.11.2.2 Clostridium spiroforme
156(1)
8.11.2.3 Clostridium piliforme
156(1)
8.11.2.4 Segmented filamentous bacteria (Candidatus savagella)
157(1)
8.12 Lachnospiraceae
158(1)
8.13 Eubacteriaceae
158(1)
8.14 Ruminococcaceae
158(1)
References
158(9)
Chapter 9 Bacteroidetes 167(10)
9.1 Introduction
167(1)
9.2 Bacteroidales
168(2)
9.2.1 Bacteroidaceae
168(1)
9.2.1.1 Impact on the host
168(1)
9.2.1.2 Characteristics of the agent
169(1)
9.2.2 S24-7
169(1)
9.2.3 Prevotellaceae
169(1)
9.2.3.1 Impact on the host
169(1)
9.2.3.2 Characteristics of the agent
170(1)
9.2.4 Rikenellaceae
170(1)
9.2.5 Porphyromonadaceae
170(1)
9.3 Flavobacteriales
170(1)
9.4 Sphingobacteriales
171(1)
9.4.1 Cilia-associated respiratory bacillus
171(1)
9.4.1.1 Impact on the host
171(1)
9.4.1.2 Characteristics of the agent
172(1)
References
172(5)
Chapter 10 Proteobacteria 177(36)
10.1 Gammaproteobacteria
177(18)
10.1.1 Enterobacteriaceae
177(9)
10.1.1.1 Impact on the host
178(2)
10.1.1.2 Characteristics of the agent
180(6)
10.1.2 Pasteurellaceae
186(5)
10.1.2.1 Impact on the host
186(2)
10.1.2.2 Characteristics of the agent
188(3)
10.1.3 Pseudomonadacea
191(1)
10.1.3.1 Pseudomonas
191(1)
10.1.4 Francisellaceae
192(2)
10.1.4.1 Francisella
192(2)
10.1.5 Aeromonadaceae, Xanthomonadaceae, Sphingomonadaceae, and Moraxcellaceae
194(1)
10.2 Betaproteobacteria
195(2)
10.2.1 Alcaligenaceae
195(1)
10.2.1.1 Bordetella
195(1)
10.2.2 Spirillaceae
196(1)
10.2.2.1 Spirillum minus
196(1)
10.3 Epsilonproteobacteria
197(6)
10.3.1 Campylobacteraceae
197(2)
10.3.1.1 Campylobacter
197(2)
10.3.2 Helicobacteraceae
199(15)
10.3.2.1 Helicobacter
199(4)
10.3.2.2 Rabbit-associated cilia-associated respiratory bacillus
203(1)
10.4 Alphaproteobacteria
203(1)
References
204(9)
Chapter 11 Actinobacteria 213(14)
11.1 Introduction
213(1)
11.2 Micrococcaceae
213(1)
11.3 Corynebacteriaceae
214(2)
11.3.1 Characteristics of infection
215(1)
11.3.2 Characteristics of the agent
216(1)
11.4 Actinomycetaceae
216(3)
11.4.1 Actinomyces
216(2)
11.4.2 Arcanobacterium
218(1)
11.5 Mycobacteriaceae
219(3)
11.5.1 Characteristics of infection
219(1)
11.5.2 Characteristics of the agent
219(3)
11.6 Bifidobacteriaceae
222(1)
References
223(4)
Chapter 12 Spirochaetae 227(6)
12.1 Introduction
227(1)
12.2 Treponema
227(2)
12.2.1 Impact on the host
227(1)
12.2.2 Characteristics of the agent
228(1)
12.3 Brachyspira
229(1)
12.4 Leptospira
229(2)
12.4.1 Impact on the host
229(1)
12.4.2 Characteristics of the agent
230(1)
References
231(2)
Chapter 13 Tenericutes 233(10)
13.1 Introduction
233(1)
13.2 Mycoplasma
233(5)
13.2.1 Impact on the host
233(2)
13.2.2 Characteristics of the agent
235(3)
13.3 Acholeplasma
238(1)
References
239(4)
Chapter 14 Verrucomicrobia, Deferribacteres, Fusobacterium, and TM7 243(10)
14.1 Verrucomicrobia
243(1)
14.1.1 Akkermansia
243(1)
14.1.1.1 Impact on the host
243(1)
14.1.1.2 Characteristics of the agent
244(1)
14.2 Deferribacteres
244(1)
14.2.1 Mucispirillum schaedleri
244(1)
14.2.1.1 Impact on the host
244(1)
14.2.1.2 Characteristics of the agent
245(1)
14.3 Fusobacteria
245(3)
14.3.1 Fusobacterium necrophorum
245(2)
14.3.1.1 Impact on the host
245(1)
14.3.1.2 Characteristics of the agent
246(1)
14.3.2 Streptobacillus moniliformis
247(1)
14.3.2.1 Impact on the host
247(1)
14.3.2.2 Characteristics of the agent
248(1)
14.4 Candidate phylum TM7
248(1)
References
249(4)
Appendix A: Producers of reagents for laboratory animal bacteriology 253(2)
Appendix B: Biosafety levels for microbiological laboratories 255(6)
References
260(1)
Appendix C: Media buffers and reagents commonly applied in laboratory animal bacteriology 261(12)
Index 273
Axel Kornerup Hansen (DVM, Dr. Vet. Sci., DipECLAM) is professor in laboratory animal science and welfare at University of Copenhagen. He is heading a research group mainly focusing on how the microbiota has an impact on laboratory animal models for inflammatory diseases and how this works in conjunction with the diet. He has published 157 peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals, and 36 other papers in books, proceedings or popular journals.

Dennis Sandris Nielsen (MSc, PhD) is associate professor at University of Copenhagen, with a special interest in gut microbiota, indigenous African fermented foods and fermented products contributing to the more joyful side of life (cocoa, wine, coffee). He is heading a research group mainly focusing on microbe-host and microbe-microbe-interactions in the mammalian gastrointestinal tract. He has published 75 peer-reviewed papers in scientific journals, and 15+ other papers in books, proceedings or popular journals.
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