El. knyga: Handbook of Magnetic Materials

Preface to Volume 16		v
Contents		ix
Contents of Volumes 1-15		xi
List of Contributors		xv
Giant Magnetostrictive Materials		1	(40)
O. Soderberg
A. Sozinov
Y. Ge
S.-P. Hannula
V.K. Lindroos
Introduction		3	(2)
Magnetic shape memory effect		4	(1)
Selected active materials		4	(1)
Modelling the behaviour of MSM materials and the giant magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS)		5	(2)
Ni-Mn-Ga alloys		7	(9)
Martensitic and reverse phase transformations		7	(1)
Mechanical properties		8	(4)
Magnetic properties		12	(4)
Martensite variant rearrangement in an applied magnetic field		16	(6)
Effect of load on magnetic-field-induced strain (MFIS)		18	(1)
Dynamical actuation and fatigue of MFIS		19	(2)
Temperature dependence of MFIS		21	(1)
Selected properties of Ni-Mn-Ga alloys		22	(1)
Promising MSM materials		23	(18)
Acknowledgements		24	(1)
References		25	(16)
Micromagnetic Simulation of Magnetic Materials		41	(86)
Dieter Suess
Josef Fidler
Thomas Schrefl
Introduction		43	(2)
Basic micromagnetism		45	(16)
Total Gibbs' energy		45	(10)
Static micromagnetism---Browns equation		55	(1)
Dynamic micromagnetics		56	(2)
Micromagnetism at finite temperature		58	(3)
Numerical methods		61	(30)
Finite difference micromagnetism		62	(2)
Finite element micromagnetism		64	(3)
Numerical treatment of the stray field problem		67	(6)
Eddy currents		73	(1)
Fast integration methods		74	(5)
Time integration		79	(2)
Time discretization		81	(3)
Time integration at finite temperature		84	(2)
Calculating energy barriers		86	(2)
Micromagnetic codes		88	(3)
Applied micromagnetics		91	(36)
Perpendicular and tilted media for magnetic recording		91	(14)
Exchange spring media for perpendicular recording		105	(6)
Integrated simulations of recording devices		111	(6)
Acknowledgement		117	(1)
Appendix A:		117	(1)
Derivation of the interface condition for the eddy current field		117	(2)
Time integration of the Landau-Lifshitz equation		119	(3)
References		122	(5)
Ferrofluids		127	(82)
S. Odenbach
Synthesis of magnetic fluids		130	(8)
Stability criteria		130	(4)
Magnetite ferrofluids		134	(3)
Ferrofluids containing metallic particles		137	(1)
Ferrofluids for biomedical applications		138	(1)
Basic properties of ferrofluids		138	(9)
Magnetic properties		139	(7)
Viscous properties		146	(1)
Basic description for the field dependent behaviour of ferrofluids		147	(10)
Basic ferrohydrodynamic equations		148	(3)
An overview on applications of magnetic fluids		151	(6)
Magnetic control of fluid properties and fluid flow		157	(46)
Field dependent viscous properties of ferrofluids		157	(34)
Thermal transport properties		191	(12)
Medical applications of ferrofluids		203	(6)
References		205	(4)
Magnetic and Electrical Properties of Practical Antiferromagnetic Mn Alloys		209	(194)
K. Fukamichi
R.Y. Umetsu
A. Sakuma
C. Mitsumata
Main list of abbreviations and symbols		212	(3)
Introduction		215	(1)
Morphologies of Mn		216	(2)
Electronic and magnetic structures of Mn alloys		218	(23)
Model for the itinerant electron system		219	(1)
Minimal models of itinerant electron magnetism		220	(2)
Path-integral approach for itinerant electron magnetism		222	(2)
Saddle point (molecular filed) approximation		224	(2)
Helical magnetic structures		226	(5)
Rotation of local spin axes for the complex magnetic structures		231	(3)
Magnetic excitation energies and the exchange constants		234	(7)
First principles approach for the magnetic structures of transition metal systems		241	(5)
Tight-binding (TB)---LMTO method for the complex magnetic structures		242	(3)
Coherent potential approximation (CPA) for disordered alloys		245	(1)
Effective exchange constant		246	(1)
Electronic and magnetic structures of γ-Mn, L12-type (≡ γ'-phase) and L10-type alloys		246	(21)
Pure γ-Mn		247	(4)
L12-type (≡ γ'-phase) ordered and γ-phase disordered Mn3Ir and Mn3Rh alloys		251	(5)
L10-type ordered MnRh, MnIr, MnPt, MnPd and MnNi alloys		256	(5)
Comparison between the ordered and disordered phases of equiatomic MnPt alloys		261	(4)
Stability of B2 phase of MnRh equiatomic alloy		265	(2)
Experimental observations of antiferromagnetic transition and magnetic moments of Mn alloys		267	(21)
The Neel temperature and the magnetic moment of L12-type (≡ γ'-phase) ordered (O) alloy systems		267	(2)
The Neel temperature and the magnetic moment of γ-phase disordered (DO) alloy systems		269	(4)
Magnetic structures of L12-type (≡ γ'-phase) Mn3Pt and Mn3Ir ordered (O) alloy systems		273	(6)
Crystallographic phase transformation between B2 and L12-type phase		279	(1)
The Neel temperature of L10-type alloy systems		280	(4)
Strong bonding state correlated with magnetic moment and Pauling valence		284	(4)
Fundamental properties of practical Mn alloys		288	(65)
Low-temperature specific heat		288	(4)
Electrical resistivity		292	(10)
Reflectivity and thermoelectric power of L10-type MnPt alloys		302	(2)
Magnetic anisotropy in γ-phase disordered alloys and L10-type ordered alloys		304	(6)
Spin structures and lattice distortions of γ-phase disordered alloys		310	(10)
Appearance of the β-phase and stabilization of the γ-phase		320	(5)
Spin fluctuation effects in γ-Mn alloys		325	(3)
Concentration and temperature dependences of magnetic properties of the L10-type alloy systems		328	(12)
Magnetovolume effects and elastic properties of Mn alloys		340	(13)
Mechanism of exchange bias-field in spin valves		353	(39)
Survey proposed models of exchange coupling bias		354	(11)
Generalized model based on classical Heisenberg model		365	(23)
Blocking temperature and training effect		388	(4)
Concluding remarks		392	(11)
Acknowledgements		394	(1)
References		394	(9)
Synthesis, Properties and Biomedical Applications of Magnetic Nanoparticles		403	(80)
Pedro Tartaj
Maria P. Morales
Sabino Veintemillas-Verdaguer
Teresita Gonzalez-Carreno
Carlos J. Serna
Introduction		405	(4)
Synthesis of magnetic nanoparticles		409	(21)
Solution routes		410	(17)
Gas-phase routes		427	(1)
Solid routes		428	(2)
Size selection methods		430	(1)
Colloidal properties of magnetic nanoparticles		430	(5)
Surface modification or encapsulation of nanoparticles		435	(13)
Organic hydrophilic coatings		435	(7)
Inorganic hydrophilic coatings		442	(4)
Hybrid hydrophilic coatings		446	(1)
Hydrophobic coatings		447	(1)
Transformation of hydrophobic into hydrophilic particles		448	(1)
Magnetic properties of nanoparticles		448	(10)
Particle size effects (finite size and/or surface effects)		450	(3)
Other microstructural effects		453	(1)
Coating and encapsulation effects		454	(4)
Applications of magnetic nanoparticles in biomedicine		458	(25)
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) imaging		459	(4)
Hyperthermia		463	(1)
Magnetic drug-targeting and gene delivery		464	(3)
Separation and selection		467	(3)
Other biomedical applications of magnetic nanoparticles		470	(1)
Acknowledgements		471	(1)
References		471	(12)
Author Index		483	(46)
Subject Index		529	(4)
Materials Index		533

Professor Kurt Heinz Jürgen Buschow is a member of the Experimental Physics Department of the University of Amsterdam, where he teaches Magnetism and Magnetic Materials. He studied Physical Chemistry at the Free University of Amsterdam, starting in 1954.After having received his M.Sc. degree in 1960 he prepared his thesis work dealing with Ion-pair Formation with Polyacene Mono and Dinegative Ions”. He received his Ph.D. degree at the Free University in 1963. In 1964 he held a research position at the Philips Research Laboratories in Eindhoven. He was appointed Senior Scientist in 1976 and Chief Scientist in 1988. His research activities comprised fundamental as well as applied aspects. During this period he stayed for one year (1977) as a guest scientist at the Bell Laboratories, Murray Hill, N.Y. In March 1994 he left the Philips Research Laboratories, taking a position at the Van der Waals-Zeeman Institute, University of Amsterdam and having simultaneously a part-time professorship at the University of Leiden. His teaching activities are in the field of Metal Physics and Magnetic Materials. He has published more than 1100 papers in international scientific journals and is author of several review papers and handbook chapters on magnetic materials, metal hydrides and amorphous alloys. He is Editor-in-Chief of the Journal of Alloys and Compounds, Advisory Editor of the Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials and is also Editor of the Series Handbook Magnetic Materials. Recently he became one of the Editors-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Materials: Science and Technology.