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El. knyga: Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume II: Design, Fabrication and Testing, Sources and Detectors, Radiometry and Photometry

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  • Formatas: 1264 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Oct-2009
  • Leidėjas: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071629270
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Handbook of Optics, Third Edition Volume II: Design, Fabrication and Testing, Sources and Detectors, Radiometry and PhotometryDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 1264 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Oct-2009
  • Leidėjas: McGraw-Hill Professional
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780071629270
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Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product.The most comprehensive and up-to-date optics resource availablePrepared under the auspices of the Optical Society of America, the five carefully architected and cross-referenced volumes of the Handbook of Optics, Third Edition, contain everything a student, scientist, or engineer requires to actively work in the field. From the design of complex optical systems to world-class research and development methods, this definitive publication provides unparalleled access to the fundamentals of the discipline and its greatest minds.

Individual chapters are written by the world's most renowned experts who explain, illustrate, and solve the entire field of optics. Each volume contains a complete chapter listing for the entire Handbook, extensive chapter glossaries, and a wealth of references. This pioneering work offers unprecedented coverage of optics data, techniques, and applications.

Volume II covers design, fabrications, testing, sources, detectors, radiometry, and photometry.
Contributors xvii
Brief Contents of All Volumes xix
Editors' Preface xxv
Preface to Volume II xxvii
Glossary and Fundamental Constants xxix
Part
1. Design
Techniques of First-Order Layout
3
Warren J. Smith
Glossary
3(1)
First-Order Layout
4(1)
Ray-Tracing
4(1)
Two-Component Systems
5(2)
Afocal Systems
7(1)
Magnifiers and Microscopes
8(1)
Afocal Attachments
8(1)
Field Lenses
8(2)
Condensers
10(1)
Zoom or Varifocal Systems
11(1)
Additional Rays
12(1)
Minimizing Component Power
13(1)
Is It a Reasonable Layout?
13(1)
Achromatism
14(1)
Athermalization
15
Aberration Curves in Lens Design
1(1)
Donald C. O'Shea
Michael E. Harrigan
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
Transverse Ray Plots
2(2)
Field Plots
4(1)
Additional Considerations
5(1)
Summary
6(1)
References
6
Optical Design Software
1(1)
Douglas C. Sinclair
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Lens Entry
2(6)
Evaluation
8(8)
Optimization
16(5)
Other Topics
21(1)
Buying Optical Design Software
22(2)
Summary
24(1)
References
24
Optical Specifications
1(1)
Robert R. Shannon
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(4)
Preparation of Optical Specifications
5(1)
Image Specifications
6(2)
Element Description
8(2)
Environmental Specifications
10(1)
Presentation of Specifications
10(1)
Problems with Specification Writing
11(1)
References
12
Tolerancing Techniques
1(1)
Robert R. Shannon
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(2)
Wavefront Tolerances
3(4)
Other Tolerances
7(1)
Starting Points
8(1)
Material Properties
9(1)
Tolerancing Procedures
9(2)
Problems in Tolerancing
11(1)
References
11
Mounting Optical Components
1(1)
Paul R. Yoder, Jr.
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction and Summary
1(1)
Mounting Individual Rotationally Symmetric Optics
2(3)
Multicomponent Lens Assemblies
5(6)
Mounting Windows and Domes
11(1)
Mounting Small Mirrors and Prisms
11(6)
Mounting Moderate-Sized Mirrors
17(4)
Contact Stresses in Optics
21(1)
Temperature Effects on Mounted Optics
21(4)
References
25
Control of Stray Light
1(1)
Robert P. Breault
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
Concepts
2(22)
Optical Software for Stray Light Analysis
24(3)
Methods
27(3)
Conclusion
30(1)
Sources of Information on Stray Light and Scattered Light
31(1)
References
32
Thermal Compensation Techniques
1(2)
Philip J. Rogers
Michael Roberts
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Homogeneous Thermal Effects
2(3)
Tolerable Homogeneous Temperature Change (No Compensation)
5(1)
Effect of Thermal Gradients
6(1)
Intrinsic Athermalization
7(1)
Mechanical Athermalization
8(4)
Optical Athermalization
12(3)
References
15
Part
2. Fabrication
Optical Fabrication
3
Michael P. Mandina
Introduction
3(1)
Material Forms of Supply
3(1)
Basic Steps in Spherical Optics Fabrication
4(3)
Plano Optics Fabrication
7(1)
Asphere Optics Fabrication
7(1)
Crystalline Optics
8(1)
Purchasing Optics
9(1)
Conclusion
9(1)
References
9
Fabrication of Optics by Diamond Turning
1(2)
Richard L. Rhorer
Chris J. Evans
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
The Diamond-Turning Process
2(1)
The Advantages of Diamond Turning
2(2)
Diamond-Turnable Materials
4(2)
Comparison of Diamond Turning and Traditional Optical Fabrication
6(1)
Machine Tools for Diamond Turning
6(2)
Basic Steps in Diamond Turning
8(1)
Surface Finish of Diamond-Turned Optics
9(3)
Metrology of Diamond-Turned Optics
12(1)
Conclusions
13(1)
References
14
Part
3. Testing
Orthonormal Polynomials in Wavefront Analysis
3
Virendra N. Mahajan
Abstract
3(1)
Glossary
3(1)
Introduction
4(1)
Orthonormal Polynomials
5(1)
Zernike Circle Polynomials
6(7)
Zernike Annular Polynomials
13(8)
Hexagonal Polynomials
21(1)
Elliptical Polynomials
21(6)
Rectangular Polynomials
27(3)
Square Polynomials
30(1)
Slit Polynomials
30(1)
Aberration Balancing and Tolerancing, and Diffraction Focus
30(6)
Isometric, Interferometric, and PSF Plots for Orthonormal Aberrations
36(1)
Use of Circle Polynomials for Noncircular Pupils
37(2)
Discussion and Conclusions
39(1)
References
40
Optical Metrology
1(1)
Zacarias Malacara
Daniel Malacara-Hernandez
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction and Definitions
2(1)
Length and Straightness Measurements
2(8)
Angle Measurements
10(7)
Curvature and Focal Length Measurements
17(8)
References
25
Optical Testing
1(1)
Daniel Malacara-Hernandez
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
Classical Noninterferometric Tests
1(6)
Interferometric Tests
7(6)
Increasing the Sensitivity of Interferometers
13(1)
Interferogram Evaluation
14(4)
Phase-Shifting Interferometry
18(5)
Measuring Aspherical Wavefronts
23(5)
References
28
Use of Computer-Generated Holograms in Optical Testing
1(2)
Katherine Creath
James C. Wyant
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(2)
Plotting CGHs
3(1)
Interferometers Using Computer-Generated Holograms
4(2)
Accuracy Limitations
6(1)
Experimental Results
7(2)
Discussion
9(1)
References
9
Part
4. Sources
Artificial Sources
3
Anthony LaRocca
Glossary
3(1)
Introduction
3(1)
Radiation Law
4(3)
Laboratory Sources
7(6)
Commercial Sources
13(40)
References
53
Lasers
1(1)
William T. Silfvast
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(2)
Laser Properties Associated with the Laser Gain Medium
4(15)
Laser Properties Associated with Optical Cavities or Resonators
19(6)
Special Laser Cavities
25(4)
Specific Types of Lasers
29(8)
References
37
Light-Emitting Diodes
1(1)
Roland H. Haitz
M. George Craford
Robert H. Weissman
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Light-Generation Processes
2(4)
Light Extraction
6(2)
Device Structures
8(7)
Material Systems
15(5)
Substrate Technology
20(1)
Epitaxial Technology
21(2)
Wafer Processing
23(2)
Led Quality and Reliability
25(4)
Led-Based Products
29(6)
References
35
High-Brightness Visible LEDs
1(1)
Winston V. Schoenfeld
The Materials Systems
1(1)
Substrates and Epitaxial Growth
2(1)
Processing
3(1)
Solid-State Lighting
4(1)
Packaging
5
Semiconductor Lasers
1(1)
Pamela L. Derry
Luis Figueroa
Chi-Shain Hong
Glossary
1(2)
Introduction
3(1)
Applications for Semiconductor Lasers
3(1)
Basic Operation
4(2)
Fabrication and Configurations
6(3)
Quantum Well Lasers
9(9)
High-Power Semiconductor Lasers
18(12)
High-Speed Modulation
30(6)
Spectral Properties
36(3)
Surface-Emitting Lasers
39(2)
Conclusion
41(2)
References
43
Ultrashort Optical Sources and Applications
1(1)
Jean-Claude Diels
Ladan Arissian
Introduction
1(1)
Description of Optical Pulses and Pulse Trains
2(7)
Pulse Evolution toward Steady State
9(3)
Coupling Circulating Pulses Inside a Cavity
12(3)
Designs of Cavities with Two Circulating Pulses
15(7)
Analogy of a Two-Level System
22(6)
Conclusion
28(1)
References
28
Attosecond Optics
1(1)
Zenghu Chang
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(2)
The Driving Laser
4(2)
Attosecond Pulse Generation
6(2)
Attosecond Pulse Characterization
8(2)
Acknowledgments
10(1)
References
10
Laser Stabilization
1(1)
John L. Hall
Matthew S. Taubman
Jun Ye
Introduction and Overview
1(4)
Servo Principles and Issues
5(7)
Practical Issues
12(11)
Summary and Outlook
23(1)
Conclusions and Recommendations
24(1)
Acknowledgments
24(1)
References
24
Quantum Theory of the Laser
1(2)
Janos A. Bergou
Berthold-Georg Englert
Melvin Lax
Marian O. Scully
Herbert Walther
M. Suhail Zubairy
Glossary
1(4)
Introduction
5(1)
Some History of the Photon Concept
6(8)
Quantum Theory of the Laser
14(21)
The Laser Phase-Transition Analogy
35(5)
Exotic Masers and Lasers
40(5)
Acknowledgments
45(1)
References
46
Part
5. Detectors
Photodetectors
3
Paul R. Norton
Scope
3(1)
Thermal Detectors
4(2)
Quantum Detectors
6(4)
Definitions
10(3)
Detector Performance and Sensitivity
13(5)
Other Performance Parameters
18(3)
Detector Performance
21(80)
References
101(1)
Suggested Readings
102
Photodetection
1(1)
Abhay M. Joshi
Gregory H. Olsen
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
Principle of Operation
3(8)
Applications
11(2)
Reliability
13(2)
Future Photodetectors
15(2)
Acknowledgment
17(1)
References
18(1)
Additional Reading
19
High-Speed Photodetectors
1(1)
J. E. Bowers
Y. G. Wey
Glossary
1(2)
Introduction
3(1)
Photodetector Structures
3(2)
Speed Limitations
5(5)
p-i-n Photodetectors
10(6)
Schottky Photodiode
16(1)
Avalanche Photodetectors
17(3)
Photoconductors
20(4)
Summary
24(1)
References
24
Signal Detection and Analysis
1(1)
John R. Willison
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(1)
Prototype Experiment
2(1)
Noise Sources
3(3)
Applications Using Photomultipliers
6(4)
Amplifiers
10(2)
Signal Analysis
12(3)
References
15
Thermal Detectors
1(2)
William L. Wolfe
Paul W. Kruse
Glossary
1(1)
Thermal Detector Elements
1(6)
Arrays
7(6)
References
13
Part
6. Imaging Detectors
Photographic Films
3
Joseph H. Altman
Glossary
3(1)
Structure of Silver Halide Photographic Layers
4(1)
Grains
5(1)
Processing
5(1)
Exposure
5(1)
Optical Density
6(2)
The D-Log H Curve
8(3)
Spectral Sensitivity
11(1)
Reciprocity Failure
11(1)
Development Effects
12(1)
Color Photography
12(3)
Microdensitometers
15(1)
Performance of Photographic Systems
16(1)
Image Structure
17(1)
Acutance
17(2)
Graininess
19(3)
Sharpness and Graininess Considered Together
22(1)
Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Detective Quantum Efficiency
22(2)
Resolving Power
24(1)
Information Capacity
24(1)
List of Photographic Manufacturers
25(1)
References
25
Photographic Materials
1(1)
John D. Baloga
Introduction
1(1)
The Optics of Photographic Films and Papers
2(5)
The Photophysics of Silver Halide Light Detectors
7(3)
The Stability of Photographic Image Dyes toward Light Fade
10(3)
Photographic Spectral Sensitizers
13(5)
General Characteristics of Photographic Films
18(10)
References
28
Image Tube Intensified Electronic Imaging
1(1)
C. Bruce Johnson
Larry D. Owen
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
2(1)
The Optical Interface
3(4)
Image Intensifies
7(12)
Image Intensified Self-Scanned Arrays
19(8)
Applications
27(3)
References
30
Visible Array Detectors
1(1)
Timothy J. Tredwell
Glossary
7
Introduction
2(1)
Image Sensing Elements
2(10)
Readout Elements
12(9)
Sensor Architectures
21(14)
References
35
Infrared Detector Arrays
1(2)
Lester J. Kozlowski
Walter F. Kosonocky
Glossary
1(2)
Introduction
3(7)
Monolithic FPAs
10(4)
Hybrid FPAs
14(9)
Performance: Figures of Merit
23(5)
Current Status and Future Trends
28(3)
References
31
Part
7. Radiometry and Photometry
Radiometry and Photometry
3
Edward F. Zalewski
Glossary
3(2)
Introduction
5(2)
Radiometric Definitions and Basic Concepts
7(6)
Radiant Transfer Approximations
13(7)
Absolute Measurements
20(17)
Photometry
37(7)
References
44
Measurement of Transmission, Absorption, Emission, and Reflection
1(1)
James M. Palmer
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction and Terminology
2(1)
Transmittance
3(1)
Absorptance
4(1)
Reflectance
4(3)
Emittance
7(1)
Kirchhoff's Law
7(1)
Relationship between Transmittance, Reflectance, and Absorptance
7(1)
Measurement of Transmittance
8(2)
Measurement of Absorptance
10(1)
Measurement of Reflectance
10(4)
Measurement of Emittance
14(2)
References
16(7)
Further Reading
23
Radiometry and Photometry: Units and Conversions
1(1)
James M. Palmer
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction and Background
2(2)
Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature in Radiometry
4(1)
Symbols, Units, and Nomenclature in Photometry
5(6)
Conversion of Radiometric Quantities to Photometric Quantities
11(1)
Conversion of Photometric Quantities to Radiometric Quantities
12(2)
Radiometric/Photometric Normalization
14(3)
Other Weighting Functions and Conversions
17(1)
References
17(1)
Further Reading
18
Radiometry and Photometry for Vision Optics
1(1)
Yoshi Ohno
Introduction
1(1)
Basis of Physical Photometry
1(2)
Photometric Base Unit---the Candela
3(1)
Quantities and Units in Photometry and Radiometry
3(5)
Principles in Photometry and Radiometry
8(3)
Practice in Photometry and Radiometry
11(1)
References
12
Spectroradiometry
1(1)
Carolyn J. Sher DeCusatis
Introduction
1(1)
Definitions, Calculations, and Figures of Merit
1(6)
General Features of Spectroradiometry Systems
7(6)
Typical Spectroradiometry System Designs
13(6)
References
19
Nonimaging Optics: Concentration and Illumination
1(1)
William Cassarly
Introduction
1(1)
Basic Calculations
2(4)
Software Modeling of Nonimaging Systems
6(2)
Basic Building Blocks
8(4)
Concentration
12(10)
Uniformity and Illumination
22(19)
Acknowledgments
41(1)
References
41
Lighting and Applications
1(1)
Anurag Gupta
R. John Koshel
Glossary
1(1)
Introduction
1(2)
Vision Biology and Perception
3(3)
The Science of Lighting Design
6(18)
Luminaires
24(27)
Lighting Measurements
51(3)
Lighting Application Areas
54(17)
Acknowledgments
71(1)
References
72
Index 1
The Optical Society of America is a professional society dedicated to serving optics professionals and academics, in the U.S. and around the world.



Editor-in-Chief: Dr. Michael Bass is professor emeritus at the University of Central Florida's Center for Research and Education in Optics and Lasers (CREOL).

Associate Editors: Dr. Casimer M. DeCusatis is a distinguished engineer and technical executive with IBM Corporation.

Dr. Jay Enoch is dean emeritus at the School of Optometry at the University of California, Berkeley.

Dr. Vasudevan Lakshminarayanan is professor of Optometry and Vision Science at the University of Waterloo, Ontario.

Dr. Guifang Li is professor of Optics and Electrical/Computing Engineering at the University of Central Florida.

Dr. Carolyn MacDonald is a professor at the University at Albany, and director of the Center for X-ray Optics.

Dr. Virendra N. Mahajan is a distinguished engineer at The Aerospace Corporation.

Dr. Eric Van Stryland is a professor of The College of Optics and Photonics, University of Central Florida.
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