Contributor contact details |
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xv | |
Woodhead Publishing Series in Electronic and Optical Materials |
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xxi | |
Preface |
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xxv | |
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Part I Materials for organic (opto)electronics and nonlinear optics: structure--property relations |
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1 | (216) |
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1 Small molecular weight materials for (opto)electronic applications: overview |
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3 | (80) |
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3 | (1) |
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1.2 Historical development in organic (opto)electronics: devices and materials |
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4 | (4) |
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1.3 Photo and electroactive organic materials: organic π-electron systems |
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8 | (5) |
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1.4 Organic (opto)electronic devices: principles and operation processes |
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13 | (6) |
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1.5 Molecular materials for organic (opto)electronic devices |
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19 | (26) |
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1.6 Structures and performance of organic (opto)electronic devices |
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45 | (14) |
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1.7 Conclusion and future trends |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (23) |
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2 Influence of film morphology on optical and electronic properties of organic materials |
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83 | (19) |
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83 | (2) |
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2.2 Discontinuous processing |
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85 | (7) |
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2.3 Continuous processing |
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92 | (5) |
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97 | (1) |
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98 | (4) |
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3 Doping effects on charge transport in organic materials |
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102 | (41) |
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102 | (3) |
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3.2 Basics of doping of organic semiconductors |
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105 | (15) |
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3.3 Doped organic p-i-n devices |
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120 | (14) |
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3.4 Conclusion and future trends |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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135 | (5) |
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3.7 Appendix: compound abbreviations, full names and CAS numbers |
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140 | (3) |
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4 Third-order nonlinear optical properties of π-conjugated polymers with thiophene units and molecular assembly of the polymers |
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143 | (27) |
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143 | (1) |
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4.2 Third-order nonlinear optical properties of π-conjugated polymers with thiophene units and related compounds |
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144 | (13) |
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4.3 Packing and molecular assembly of π-conjugated polymers |
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157 | (9) |
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4.4 Conclusions and future trends |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (3) |
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5 Small molecule supramolecular assemblies for third-order nonlinear optics |
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170 | (20) |
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170 | (2) |
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5.2 Fundamental principles of the third-order nonlinear optical response |
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172 | (1) |
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5.3 Macroscopic susceptibilities and microscopic polarizabilities |
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173 | (6) |
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5.4 From molecules to bulk solid-state materials |
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179 | (1) |
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5.5 Small molecules with large third-order nonlinearities |
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180 | (4) |
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5.6 Small molecule supramolecular assemblies with high optical quality and large third-order susceptibility |
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184 | (2) |
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186 | (1) |
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187 | (3) |
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6 Molecular crystals and crystalline thin films for photonics |
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190 | (27) |
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190 | (1) |
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6.2 Second-order nonlinear optical (NLO) organic crystals |
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191 | (9) |
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6.3 THz-wave generation and detection with organic crystals |
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200 | (5) |
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6.4 Integrated electro-optic (EO) applications |
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205 | (4) |
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6.5 Conclusions and future trends |
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209 | (1) |
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210 | (7) |
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Part II (Opto)electronic and nonlinear optical properties of organic materials and their characterization |
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217 | (254) |
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7 Charge generation and transport in organic materials |
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219 | (26) |
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219 | (2) |
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7.2 Theoretical and computational framework |
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221 | (4) |
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7.3 Single-molecule magnitudes |
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225 | (6) |
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7.4 Supramolecular organization of the samples |
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231 | (6) |
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7.5 Predicting relative and absolute values of mobilities |
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237 | (2) |
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7.6 From p-type to n-type semiconductors |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (2) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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8 Optical, photoluminescent and electroluminescent properties of organic materials |
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245 | (29) |
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245 | (1) |
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8.2 Electronic states of single molecule and molecular solid state |
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246 | (3) |
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8.3 Absorption and emission spectroscopy |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (10) |
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8.5 Electroluminescence in organic materials |
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261 | (8) |
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8.6 Conclusion and future trends |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (4) |
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9 Nonlinear optical properties of organic materials |
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274 | (23) |
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274 | (1) |
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9.2 Nonlinear optics (NLO) at the molecular level |
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275 | (6) |
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9.3 From microscopic (molecules) to macroscopic (materials) |
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281 | (6) |
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9.4 Quantum mechanical expressions for the molecular (hyper) polarizabilities |
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287 | (8) |
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9.5 Conclusion and future trends |
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295 | (1) |
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295 | (2) |
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10 Ultrafast intrachain exciton dynamics in π-conjugated polymers |
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297 | (21) |
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297 | (6) |
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10.2 Ultrafast dynamics in π-conjugated polymers |
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303 | (9) |
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312 | (2) |
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314 | (1) |
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314 | (4) |
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11 Ultrafast charge carrier dynamics in organic (opto)electronic materials |
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318 | (38) |
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318 | (4) |
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11.2 Infrared-active vibrational (IRAV) modes |
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322 | (5) |
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11.3 Transient photocurrent (TPC) spectroscopy |
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327 | (8) |
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11.4 Time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy (TRTS) |
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335 | (5) |
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11.5 Time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) |
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340 | (4) |
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11.6 Experimental evidence of charge localization |
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344 | (4) |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (1) |
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350 | (6) |
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12 Short-pulse induced photocurrent and photoluminescence in organic materials |
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356 | (21) |
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356 | (1) |
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12.2 Photocurrent response after short pulse excitation |
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357 | (8) |
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12.3 Exciton dynamics and photoluminescence in organic molecular crystals |
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365 | (6) |
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12.4 Exciton dynamics and delayed photocurrent |
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371 | (4) |
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375 | (1) |
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375 | (2) |
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13 Conductivity measurements of organic materials using field-effect transistors (FETs) and space-charge-limited current (SCLC) technique |
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377 | (21) |
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377 | (1) |
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13.2 Field-effect transistor (FET) measurements |
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378 | (6) |
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13.3 Space-charge-limited current (SCLC) measurements |
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384 | (5) |
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389 | (1) |
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389 | (9) |
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14 Charge transport features in disordered organic materials measured by time-of-flight (TOF), xerographic discharge (XTOF) and charge extraction by linearly increasing voltage (CELIV) techniques |
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398 | (23) |
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398 | (2) |
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14.2 Measurement techniques |
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400 | (7) |
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14.3 Experimental results of charge carrier mobility determination |
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407 | (5) |
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14.4 Charge transport models in disordered organic semiconductors |
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412 | (2) |
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414 | (1) |
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415 | (6) |
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15 Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) characterization of metal--organic interactions |
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421 | (21) |
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421 | (3) |
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15.2 Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) background |
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424 | (6) |
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15.3 Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) applications |
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430 | (4) |
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15.4 Active and passive control of surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) signals |
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434 | (3) |
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437 | (1) |
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438 | (4) |
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16 Second harmonic generation (SHG) as a characterization technique and phenomological probe for organic materials |
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442 | (29) |
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442 | (1) |
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16.2 Second harmonic generation (SHG) in bulk media |
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443 | (2) |
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16.3 Electric field induced second harmonic generation (EFISHG) |
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445 | (5) |
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16.4 Hyper-Rayleigh scattering (HRS) |
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450 | (10) |
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16.5 Second harmonic generation (SHG) probing structure and dynamics |
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460 | (4) |
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464 | (1) |
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464 | (1) |
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465 | (6) |
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Part III Applications of (opto)electronic and nonlinear optical organic materials in devices |
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471 | (315) |
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17 Organic solar cells (OSCs) |
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473 | (35) |
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473 | (1) |
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17.2 Organic solar cells (OSCs) |
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473 | (2) |
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17.3 Working principle and device structures |
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475 | (4) |
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479 | (7) |
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17.5 Roll-to-roll (R2R) processing of organic solar cells (OSCs) |
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486 | (13) |
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17.6 Demonstration projects and conclusion |
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499 | (2) |
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501 | (1) |
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501 | (7) |
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18 Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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508 | (27) |
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508 | (1) |
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18.2 Basics of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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509 | (4) |
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18.3 Pin organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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513 | (1) |
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18.4 Highly efficient monochrome organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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514 | (6) |
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18.5 Highly efficient white organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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520 | (6) |
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18.6 Degradation of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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526 | (1) |
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527 | (1) |
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528 | (7) |
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535 | (42) |
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535 | (2) |
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19.2 Magneto-conductance (MC) and magneto-electroluminescence (MEL) in organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) |
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537 | (15) |
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19.3 Organic spin-valves (OSVs) |
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552 | (12) |
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19.4 Optically detected magnetic resonance (ODMR) in poly(dioctyloxy) phenyl vinylene (DOO-PPV) isotopes |
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564 | (6) |
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570 | (2) |
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572 | (1) |
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572 | (5) |
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20 Organic semiconductors (OSCs) for electronic chemical sensors |
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577 | (20) |
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20.1 Introduction to organic semiconductors (OSCs) |
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577 | (2) |
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20.2 Sensitive organic semiconductor (OSC) devices |
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579 | (7) |
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20.3 Sensitive carbon nanotube and graphene devices |
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586 | (5) |
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591 | (2) |
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593 | (1) |
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594 | (3) |
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21 Organic bioelectronics |
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597 | (21) |
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21.1 Introduction to organic bioelectronics |
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597 | (2) |
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21.2 Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) |
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599 | (6) |
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21.3 Enzymatic sensing with organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) |
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605 | (3) |
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21.4 Cell-based organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) |
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608 | (5) |
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21.5 Conclusions and future trends |
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613 | (1) |
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614 | (4) |
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22 Organic electronic memory devices |
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618 | (36) |
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618 | (1) |
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619 | (6) |
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625 | (7) |
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22.4 Organic flash memory |
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632 | (5) |
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22.5 Ferroelectric random access memory (RAM) |
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637 | (3) |
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640 | (4) |
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644 | (4) |
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22.8 Sources of further information |
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648 | (1) |
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649 | (1) |
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649 | (5) |
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23 Unconventional molecular scale logic devices |
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654 | (22) |
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654 | (1) |
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23.2 Properties of nanoparticles and their applications in molecular scale logic devices |
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655 | (6) |
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23.3 Photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching (PEPS) effect |
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661 | (2) |
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23.4 Logic devices based on photoelectrochemical photocurrent switching (PEPS) effect |
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663 | (5) |
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23.5 Conclusions and future trends |
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668 | (2) |
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670 | (1) |
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670 | (6) |
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24 Photorefractive (PR) polymers and their recent applications |
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676 | (33) |
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676 | (2) |
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24.2 Fundamentals of photorefractivity |
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678 | (10) |
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24.3 Functions of photorefractive (PR) components |
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688 | (6) |
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24.4 Photorefractive (PR) characterization techniques |
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694 | (5) |
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24.5 Photorefractive (PR) polymer composites for applications |
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699 | (6) |
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24.6 Conclusion and future trends |
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705 | (1) |
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705 | (4) |
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25 Organic waveguides, ultra-low loss demultiplexers and electro-optic (EO) polymer devices |
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709 | (77) |
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25.1 Introduction and motivation for using polymer (opto)electronic components |
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709 | (1) |
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25.2 General polymer science |
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710 | (4) |
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714 | (3) |
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25.4 Ultra-low loss polymer waveguide devices: materials science |
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717 | (6) |
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25.5 Ultra-low loss polymer waveguide fabrication and process-induced losses |
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723 | (11) |
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25.6 Perfluoropolymer-based true time delay (TTD) modules |
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734 | (3) |
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25.7 Wide band channelizer with high-resolution arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) |
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737 | (2) |
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25.8 Electro-optical polymer-based waveguide devices: materials science |
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739 | (9) |
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25.9 Molecular theory of electro-optic (EO) polymers |
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748 | (5) |
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25.10 Electric-field assisted poling in polymer films |
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753 | (2) |
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25.11 Device and system level analysis for electro-optical polymer waveguides |
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755 | (6) |
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25.12 Electro-optic (EO) polymer spatial light modulators: theory |
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761 | (5) |
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25.13 Spatial light modulator device design and fabrication |
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766 | (3) |
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25.14 Spatial light modulator device characterization |
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769 | (7) |
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25.15 Future design considerations for spatial light modulators |
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776 | (1) |
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777 | (1) |
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778 | (6) |
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784 | (2) |
Index |
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786 | |