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El. knyga: Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery

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  • Formatas: 556 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Apr-2018
  • Leidėjas: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638533283
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Handbook of Pediatric NeurosurgeryDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 556 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Apr-2018
  • Leidėjas: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638533283
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An essential backpack-size resource on the treatment of pediatric neurological conditions

Pediatric neurosurgery has witnessed considerable technological advances, resulting in more efficacious outcomes for young patients with hydrocephalus, epilepsy, brain tumors, spinal deformities, and a host of other conditions. The art of pediatric neurosurgery is a delicate balancing act—taking into account child and parents and emotional and disease challenges. As such, the management of serious neurological conditions in pediatric patients must encompass the big picture in addition to treating underlying pathologies.

Handbook of Pediatric Neurosurgery by George Jallo, Karl Kothbauer, and Violette Recinos covers the full depth and breadth of this uniquely rewarding subspecialty including congenital, developmental, and acquired disorders. The latest information is provided on anatomy, radiological imaging, and principles guiding the surgical and nonsurgical management of a full spectrum of neurological pathologies impacting infants and children. The book is divided into 11 sections and 56 chapters with state-of-the-art procedures, best practices, and clinical pearls from top pediatric neurosurgeons.

Key Features

  • Cranial disorders including Chiari malformations, encephaloceles, Dandy-Walker malformation, and craniosynostosis
  • Benign and malignant tumors—from the hypothalamus and optic pathways to the brainstem and spinal column
  • Spinal abnormalities such as spina bifida, tethered cord, and scoliosis
  • Clinical questions and answers at the end of chapters—ideal for self-testing and exam prep

Comprehensive and compact, this is the perfect backpack reference for neurosurgery residents and pediatric neurosurgery fellows to carry on rounds. It is also a must-have resource for seasoned pediatric neurosurgeons and all practitioners entrusted with the neurological care of pediatric patients.

Foreword xxv
Mark S. Greenberg
Foreword xxvii
G. Narenthiran
Foreword xxix
Alan R. Cohen
Preface xxxi
Acknowledgments xxxiii
About the Editors xxxv
Contributors xxxvii
Section I General and Critical Care
1 ICP Management
2(10)
Tiago Morgado
Anthony A. Figaji
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Pathophysiology
2(3)
1.3 ICP Monitoring
5(2)
1.4 Treatment of Raised ICP
7(3)
1.5 Summary
10(1)
1.6 Questions
10(1)
References
10(2)
2 Pain Management for Pediatric Neurosurgical Patients
12(14)
Joanne E. Shay
2.1 Introduction
12(1)
2.2 Pediatric Pain Assessment
12(1)
2.3 Pediatric Pharmacokinetics
13(1)
2.4 Impact of Preexisting Comorbidities on Analgesic Management
13(2)
2.5 Analgesic Considerations for Specific Neurosurgical Procedures
15(3)
2.6 Common Analgesics Used in Children
18(5)
2.7 Review Questions (True or False)
23(1)
References
23(3)
Section II Neuroradiology
3 Conventional Radiography
26(2)
Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
3.1 Introduction
26(1)
3.2 Skull Radiography
26(1)
3.3 Sinus Radiography
26(1)
3.4 Stenvers and Schuller Radiography
26(1)
3.5 Shunt Survey
26(1)
3.6 Cervical Spine and Craniocervical Junction
27(1)
3.7 Thoracic and Lumbosacral Radiography
27(1)
3.8 Total Spine Radiography
27(1)
4 Ultrasonography
28(4)
Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
4.1 Introduction
28(1)
4.2 Anatomical Ultrasonography of the Brain
28(1)
4.3 Doppler Ultrasonography of the Brain
29(1)
4.4 Ultrasonography of the Spine
30(1)
4.5 Ultrasonography of the Orbits
30(1)
4.6 Ultrasonography of the Head and Neck
31(1)
Reference
31(1)
5 Computed Tomography
32(3)
Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
5.1 Introduction
32(1)
5.2 Hounsfield Units
32(1)
5.3 Intravenous Contrast Media
32(1)
5.4 CT Angiography, CT Venography, and CT Perfusion
32(1)
5.5 Limitations of CT Contrast Agents
33(1)
5.6 Radiation Exposure
33(1)
5.7 Indications
33(1)
References
34(1)
6 Conventional Magnetic Resonance Imaging
35(3)
Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
6.1 Introduction
35(1)
6.2 T1- and T2-weighted Sequences
35(1)
6.3 Contrast-enhanced T1-weighted MRI
35(1)
6.4 Fat-saturated T1- and T2-weighted Sequences
36(1)
6.5 Fluid-attenuated Inversion Recovery
36(1)
6.6 T2*-Gradient Echo and Susceptibility-weighted Imaging
36(1)
6.7 Inversion Recovery Sequences
36(1)
6.8 Heavily T2-weighted MRI
36(1)
6.9 Ultrafast MRI
37(1)
6.10 Contraindications for MRI
37(1)
7 Advanced MRI Techniques
38(6)
Thierry A.G.M. Huisman
7.1 Introduction
38(1)
7.2 Magnetic Resonance Angiography and Venography
38(1)
7.3 Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow Imaging
38(1)
7.4 Diffusion-weighted Imaging and Diffusion Tensor Imaging
38(1)
7.5 Perfusion-weighted Imaging
39(1)
7.6 1H-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
40(1)
7.7 Functional MRI
40(1)
7.8 Digital Subtraction Angiography
40(1)
References
41(3)
Section III Neurology
8 The Neurological Examination of the Infant and Child
44(14)
Neil R. Friedman
8.1 Introduction
44(1)
8.2 History
44(4)
8.3 Examination
48(10)
9 Spinal Cord Tracts and Development
58(5)
Micol Babini
Francesco Sala
9.1 Introduction
58(1)
9.2 Ascending Tracts
59(1)
9.3 Descending Tracts
60(1)
9.4 Development
61(1)
References
62(1)
10 Migration Disorders
63(5)
Gary Hsich
10.1 Introduction
63(1)
10.2 Malformations
63(4)
References
67(1)
11 Neurofibromatosis Type 1
68(9)
Ben Shofty
Liat Ben-Sira
Hagit Toledano-Alhadef
Felix Bokstein
Shlomi Constantini
11.1 Introduction
68(1)
11.2 Genetics and Cellular Biology
68(1)
11.3 Diagnosis and Clinical Presentation
68(1)
11.4 Management
69(1)
11.5 Imaging
69(1)
11.6 Cutaneous Manifestations
70(1)
11.7 Optic Pathway Gliomas
71(2)
11.8 Other NF1 Brain Tumors
73(1)
11.9 NF1 Brain Function
74(1)
11.10 NF1 Skeletal Manifestations
74(1)
References
74(3)
12 Medical Management for Epilepsy
77(7)
Sarah A. Kelley
Adam L. Hartman
12.1 Introduction
77(1)
12.2 Treatment of Status Epilepticus
77(1)
12.3 Specific Anticonvulsant Uses
77(3)
12.4 Brief Overview of the Most Commonly Used Anticonvulsant Medications
80(1)
12.5 Medication Side Effects
81(1)
12.6 Drug-Drug Interactions
81(1)
12.7 Discontinuation of Anticonvulsant Therapy
81(1)
12.8 Treatment in the Setting of Comorbidities
82(1)
12.9 Dietary Therapy
82(1)
12.10 Common Clinical Questions
82(1)
12.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
82(1)
References
82(2)
Section IV Tumor
13 Pediatric Scalp and Skull Lesions
84(7)
Rajiv R. Iyer
Lee S. Hwang
Jeffrey P. Mullin
Violette M.R. Recinos
13.1 Introduction
84(1)
13.2 Cephalohematoma
84(1)
13.3 Epidermoids/Dermoids
85(1)
13.4 Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis
86(1)
13.5 Fibrous Dysplasia
86(1)
13.6 Hemangiomas
87(1)
13.7 Sinus Pericranii
87(1)
13.8 Growing Skull Fracture
88(1)
13.9 Aneurysmal Bone Cyst
88(1)
13.10 Osteoma, Osteoblastoma, and Osteoid Osteoma
89(1)
13.11 Sarcoma and Neuroblastoma
89(1)
References
89(2)
14 Supratentorial Tumors
91(16)
Eveline T. Hidalgo
Nir Shimony
Karl F. Kothbauer
14.1 Introduction
91(1)
14.2 Clinical Presentation
91(1)
14.3 Clinical Evaluation
91(1)
14.4 Imaging
92(1)
14.5 Preoperative Management
92(1)
14.6 Perioperative Management
93(1)
14.7 Postoperative Management
93(1)
14.8 Complications
94(1)
14.9 Low-Grade Gliomas (Diffuse, Juvenile Pilocytic Astrocytoma)
95(1)
14.10 High-Grade Gliomas
96(1)
14.11 Pleomorphic Xanthoastrocytomas
97(1)
14.12 Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumors
98(1)
14.13 Atypical Teratoid Rhabdoid Tumors
99(1)
14.14 Desmoplastic Neuroepithelial Tumors
100(1)
14.15 Gangliogliomas
100(1)
14.16 Ependymomas
101(1)
14.17 Meningiomas
102(1)
14.18 Surgical Pearls
102(1)
14.19 Common Clinical Questions
103(1)
14.20 Answers to Clinical Questions
103(1)
References
103(4)
15 Hypothalamic and Optic Pathway Tumors
107(5)
Rajiv R. Iyer
Nir Shimony
George I. Jallo
15.1 Introduction/Epidemiology
107(1)
15.2 Clinical Presentation
107(1)
15.3 Diagnostic Imaging
107(1)
15.4 Treatment
108(3)
15.5 Summary
111(1)
References
111(1)
16 Craniopharyngiomas and Other Sellar Tumors
112(13)
David S. Hersh
Rafael U. Cardenas
Nir Shimony
Mari L. Groves
16.1 Introduction
112(1)
16.2 Craniopharyngiomas
112(1)
16.3 Rathke's Cleft Cysts
112(1)
16.4 Pituitary Adenomas
112(1)
16.5 Embryology and Pathology
112(1)
16.6 Papillary Craniopharyngiomas
113(1)
16.7 Clinical Presentation
113(1)
16.8 Craniopharyngiomas
113(1)
16.9 Rathke's Cleft Cysts
114(1)
16.10 Pituitary Adenomas
114(1)
16.11 Examination and Diagnostic Workup
114(1)
16.12 Neuroimaging
114(1)
16.13 Ophthalmological Evaluation
115(1)
16.14 Endocrine Workup
115(1)
16.15 Classification Systems
116(1)
16.16 Nonsurgical Management
116(1)
16.17 Surgical Approaches
116(1)
16.18 Surgical Technique
117(4)
16.19 Postoperative Care
121(1)
16.20 Adjuvant Treatment
121(1)
16.21 Outcomes
121(1)
16.22 Clinical Pearls
122(1)
16.23 Common Clinical Questions
123(1)
16.24 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
123(1)
References
123(2)
17 Germ Cell Tumors
125(11)
Gerald F. Tuite
Stacie Stapleton
17.1 Introduction
125(1)
17.2 Epidemiology Factors
125(1)
17.3 Predisposing Factors
125(1)
17.4 Pathophysiology
126(1)
17.5 Pathology
126(1)
17.6 Molecular Biology
127(1)
17.7 Radiographic Findings of Intracranial Germ Cell Tumors
127(1)
17.8 Presenting Signs and Symptoms
128(1)
17.9 Laboratory Evaluation
128(1)
17.10 Nonsurgical Management
129(1)
17.11 Surgical Indications
129(1)
17.12 Surgical Technique
129(1)
17.13 Postoperative Care
130(1)
17.14 Surgical Complications
130(1)
17.15 Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy
130(2)
17.16 Prognosis
132(1)
17.17 Surgical Pearls
132(1)
17.18 Common Clinical Questions
133(1)
17.19 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
133(1)
References
133(3)
18 Pineal Region Tumors
136(9)
Scellig S.D. Stone
Alan R. Cohen
18.1 Introduction
136(1)
18.2 Anatomy and Physiology
136(1)
18.3 Classification of Tumors
137(1)
18.4 Clinical Presentation
137(1)
18.5 Investigations
138(1)
18.6 Management
139(1)
18.7 Treatment and Outcomes
139(1)
18.8 Endoscopic and Microsurgical Approaches
139(4)
18.9 Complications
143(1)
18.10 Common Clinical Questions
143(1)
18.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
143(1)
References
144(1)
19 Intraventricular Tumors in Children
145(9)
Bryan S. Lee
Vikram B. Chakravarthy
Nir Shimony
Violette M.R. Recinos
19.1 Introduction
145(1)
19.2 Ependymoma
145(1)
19.3 Choroid Plexus Papilloma and Carcinoma
146(1)
19.4 Subependymoma
147(1)
19.5 Subependymal Giant Cell Astrocytoma
148(1)
19.6 Central Neurocytoma
148(1)
19.7 Clinical Presentation
149(1)
19.8 Surgical Approach and Techniques
149(1)
19.9 Postoperative Management and Complications
150(2)
19.10 Common Clinical Questions
152(1)
19.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
152(1)
References
152(2)
20 Posterior Fossa Tumors
154(15)
Christian A. Schneider
Nir Shimony
Karl F. Kothbauer
20.1 Introduction
154(1)
20.2 Neurosurgical Management of Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors
154(1)
20.3 Surgical Considerations
155(5)
20.4 Specific Pediatric Posterior Fossa Tumors
160(5)
20.5 Common Clinical Questions
165(1)
20.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
166(1)
References
166(3)
21 Brainstem Gliomas
169(9)
Mari L. Groves
Rafael U. Cardenas
Nir Shimony
George I. Jallo
21.1 Introduction
169(1)
21.2 Anatomy
170(1)
21.3 Examination
171(1)
21.4 Nonsurgical Management
171(1)
21.5 Surgical Indications
172(1)
21.6 Surgical Technique
173(1)
21.7 Complications
173(2)
21.8 Postoperative Care
175(1)
21.9 Outcomes
175(1)
21.10 Surgical Pearls
175(1)
21.11 Common Clinical Questions
176(1)
21.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
176(1)
References
176(2)
22 Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors
178(10)
Karl F. Kothbauer
22.1 Introduction
178(1)
22.2 Neurosurgical Management of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors
178(3)
22.3 Specific Types of Intramedullary Spinal Cord Tumors
181(4)
22.4 Summary
185(1)
22.5 Common Clinical Questions
185(1)
22.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
186(1)
References
186(2)
23 Tumors of the Spinal Column
188(10)
Dominic N.P. Thompson
Nir Shimony
23.1 Introduction
188(1)
23.2 Clinical Presentation
188(1)
23.3 Investigations
189(1)
23.4 Tumor Types
189(3)
23.5 Treatment Considerations
192(2)
23.6 Complications and Their Prevention
194(1)
23.7 Surgical Pearls
195(1)
23.8 Common Clinical Questions
195(1)
23.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
195(1)
References
195(3)
Section V Cerebrovascular Disorders
24 Aneurysms
198(7)
Edward R. Smith
24.1 Introduction and Anatomy
198(1)
24.2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
198(1)
24.3 Presentation and Evaluation
198(2)
24.4 Treatment and Surgical Indications
200(1)
24.5 Surgical Technique
201(1)
24.6 Complications
202(1)
24.7 Postoperative Care and Follow-up
202(1)
24.8 Outcomes
202(1)
24.9 Surgical Pearls
203(1)
24.10 Common Clinical Questions
203(1)
24.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
203(1)
References
204(1)
25 Arteriovenous Malformations
205(8)
Edward R. Smith
25.1 Introduction and Anatomy
205(1)
25.2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
205(1)
25.3 Presentation and Evaluation
205(2)
25.4 Treatment and Surgical Indications
207(1)
25.5 Surgical Technique
208(1)
25.6 Complications
208(1)
25.7 Postoperative Care and Follow-up
209(1)
25.8 Outcomes
209(1)
25.9 Surgical Pearls
209(1)
25.10 Common Clinical Questions
209(1)
25.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
210(1)
References
210(3)
26 Pediatric Cavernous Malformations
213(9)
Rajiv R. Iyer
Mari L. Groves
Nir Shimony
George I. Julio
26.1 Introduction/Epidemiology
213(1)
26.2 Pathology
213(1)
26.3 Diagnostic Imaging
213(1)
26.4 Clinical Presentation
214(1)
26.5 Natural History
215(1)
26.6 Surgical Indications, Techniques, and Outcomes
215(2)
26.7 Radiosurgery
217(1)
26.8 Common Clinical Questions
217(1)
26.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
217(1)
References
218(4)
Section VI Developmental and Congenital Cranial Disorders
27 Chiari Malformations
222(7)
Karl F. Kothbauer
27.1 Introduction
222(1)
27.2 Anatomy
222(1)
27.3 Clinical Findings
223(1)
27.4 Diagnostic Evaluation
223(1)
27.5 Nonsurgical Management
224(1)
27.6 Surgical Indications
224(1)
27.7 Surgical Technique
224(1)
27.8 Complications
225(1)
27.9 Postoperative Care
226(1)
27.10 Outcomes
226(1)
27.11 Surgical Pearls
226(1)
27.12 Common Clinical Questions
227(1)
27.13 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
227(1)
References
227(2)
28 Encephaloceles
229(13)
Elizabeth J. Le
Rafael U. Cardenas
Mari L. Groves
28.1 Introduction
229(1)
28.2 Classification
229(1)
28.3 Pathogenesis
229(1)
28.4 Epidemiology
230(1)
28.5 Clinical Findings and Diagnosis
231(1)
28.6 Surgical Management
232(1)
28.7 Posterior Encephaloceles
232(3)
28.8 Anterior Encephaloceles
235(4)
28.9 Surgical Pearls
239(1)
28.10 Common Clinical Questions
240(1)
28.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
240(1)
References
240(2)
29 Congenital Arachnoid Cysts
242(11)
Gianpiero Tamburrini
29.1 Introduction
242(1)
29.2 Pathogenesis
242(1)
29.3 Epidemiology
242(1)
29.4 Sylvian Fissure Cysts
242(2)
29.5 Sellar Region Cysts
244(2)
29.6 Cerebral Convexity Cysts
246(1)
29.7 Interhemispheric Fissure Cysts
246(1)
29.8 Quadrigeminal Plate Region Cysts
247(1)
29.9 Infratentorial Arachnoid Cysts
248(2)
29.10 Common Clinical Questions
250(1)
29.11 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
250(1)
References
250(3)
30 Neuroenteric Cysts
253(3)
Peter A. Christiansen
John A. Jane Jr
30.1 Introduction
253(1)
30.2 Radiographic Features
253(1)
30.3 Surgical Management and Outcome
254(1)
30.4 Common Clinical Questions
254(1)
30.5 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
254(1)
References
255(1)
31 Intracranial Lipomas
256(5)
Tina Loven
Mark A. Mittler
31.1 Introduction
256(1)
31.2 Anatomy
256(1)
31.3 Presentation
257(1)
31.4 Radiographic Imaging and Differential Diagnosis
257(1)
31.5 Surgical Considerations
258(1)
31.6 Surgical Pearls
259(1)
31.7 Common Clinical Questions
259(1)
31.8 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
259(1)
References
259(2)
32 The Dandy-Walker Malformation: Disorders of Cerebellar Development and Their Management
261(3)
Greg Olavarria
32.1 Introduction: Incidence, Genetics, and Evaluation
261(1)
32.2 Differential Diagnosis
261(2)
32.3 Management and Outcomes
263(1)
References
263(1)
33 Craniosynostosis
264(12)
Christopher D. Kelly
Martin H. Sailer
Raphael Guzman
33.1 Introduction
264(1)
33.2 Classification
264(1)
33.3 Epidemiology
264(1)
33.4 Etiology and Genetic Factors
265(3)
33.5 Craniosynostoses and Their Treatment
268(3)
33.6 Surgical Treatment
271(1)
33.7 Conclusion
272(1)
33.8 Common Clinical Questions
273(1)
33.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
274(1)
References
274(2)
34 Management of Craniofacial Syndromes
276(12)
Miguel A. Medina III
Gerhard S. Mundinger
Amir H. Dorafshar
34.1 Introduction
276(1)
34.2 Embryology/Development
276(1)
34.3 Genetics
277(2)
34.4 Surgical Approaches
279(6)
34.5 Summary
285(1)
34.6 Common Clinical Questions
285(1)
34.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
286(1)
Reference
286(2)
35 Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage in Premature Infants
288(9)
Moise Danielpour
Lindsey Ross
35.1 Introduction
288(1)
35.2 Pathophysiology of Germinal Matrix
288(1)
35.3 Epidemiology
289(1)
35.4 Etiology of Posthemorrhagic Ventricular Dilation
289(1)
35.5 Clinical Presentation
289(1)
35.6 Diagnosis
290(2)
35.7 Pathology Associated with IVHp
292(1)
35.8 Treatment
292(1)
35.9 There is no Data to Prove Superiority of Either VSG Shunt or Reservoir Placement
293(1)
35.10 Prognosis
294(1)
35.11 Conclusion
294(1)
References
295(2)
36 Surgical Management of Hydrocephalus
297(8)
Martina Messing-Ainger
36.1 Introduction
297(1)
36.2 Surgical Indications
297(1)
36.3 Shunt Implantation
298(4)
36.4 Endoscopic Third Ventriculostomy
302(1)
36.5 Common Clinical Questions
303(1)
36.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
304(1)
References
304(1)
37 Treatment of Hydrocephalus in the Developing World
305(9)
Rodrigo Mercado
Jesus A. Villagomez
Luis A. Arredondo
37.1 Introduction
305(1)
37.2 Acquired
305(1)
37.3 Treatment
305(1)
37.4 Surgical Indications and Contraindications
306(1)
37.5 Surgical Technique
307(2)
37.6 Complications
309(1)
37.7 Postoperative
310(1)
37.8 Common Clinical Questions
310(1)
37.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
311(1)
References
311(3)
Section VII Developmental and Congential Spinal Disorders
38 Abnormalities of the Craniocervical Junction and Cervical Spine
314(7)
Jared S. Fridley
Christina Sayama
Andrew Jea
38.1 Introduction
314(1)
38.2 Anatomy
314(1)
38.3 Examination
314(3)
38.4 Nonsurgical Management
317(1)
38.5 Surgical Indications
317(1)
38.6 Surgical Technique
317(1)
38.7 Complications
318(1)
38.8 Postoperative Care
318(1)
38.9 Outcomes
318(1)
38.10 Surgical Pearls
319(1)
38.11 Common Clinical Questions
319(1)
38.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
319(1)
References
319(2)
39 Spina Bifida: Classification and Management
321(4)
Lorelay Gutierrez
Luis A. Arredondo
Rodrigo Mercado
39.1 Introduction
321(1)
39.2 Spina Bifida Occulta
321(1)
39.3 Spina Bifida Aperta
321(1)
39.4 Embryology
322(1)
39.5 Clinical Presentation
322(1)
39.6 Prenatal Assessment
322(1)
39.7 Postnatal Assessment
322(1)
39.8 Common Clinical Questions
323(1)
39.9 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
323(1)
References
323(2)
40 Pathophysiology and Management of Tethered Cord (Including Myelomeningocele)
325(7)
Eelco W. Hoving
40.1 Definitions
325(1)
40.2 Pathophysiology of TCS
325(1)
40.3 Pathophysiology of Recurrent Tethered Cord
326(1)
40.4 Assessment of TCS
326(1)
40.5 Imaging of TC
327(1)
40.6 Treatment of Tethered Cord
327(2)
40.7 Intraoperative Neuromonitoring in TCS
329(1)
40.8 Outcome in TCS
329(1)
40.9 Complications
329(1)
40.10 Surgical Pearls
329(1)
40.11 Common Clinical Questions
329(1)
40.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
330(1)
References
330(2)
41 Intraspinal Lipomas
332(3)
Rodrigo Mercado
Luis A. Arredondo
Lorelay Gutierrez
Jesus A. Villagomez
41.1 Introduction
332(1)
41.2 Classification
332(1)
41.3 Clinical Presentation
332(1)
41.4 Imaging
333(1)
41.5 Surgical Treatment
333(2)
42 Scoliosis
335(7)
Anthony J. Herzog
Paul D. Sponseller
42.1 Introduction
335(3)
42.2 Nonsurgical Treatment
338(1)
42.3 Surgical Treatment
338(2)
42.4 Complications
340(1)
42.5 Conclusion
340(1)
42.6 Common Clinical Questions
340(1)
42.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
340(1)
References
341(1)
43 Achondroplasia
342(4)
Debraj Mukherjee
Moise Danielpour
43.1 Introduction
342(1)
43.2 Cervico medullary Compression
342(1)
43.3 Spinal Stenosis
343(1)
43.4 Hydrocephalus
343(1)
References
343(3)
Section VIII Functional Disorders
44 The Evaluation and Classification of Epilepsy
346(5)
Sarah A. Kelley
Adam L. Hartman
44.1 Introduction
346(1)
44.2 Definitions
346(1)
44.3 Classification of Epilepsy
346(2)
44.4 Evaluation of Epilepsy
348(1)
44.5 Common Clinical Questions
349(1)
44.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
349(1)
References
350(1)
45 Surgical Management of Childhood Epilepsy: Temporal and Extratemporal Pathologies
351(7)
Aurelia Peraud
45.1 Introduction
351(1)
45.2 Epilepsy Disorders in Childhood Epilepsy
351(1)
45.3 Presurgical Evaluation
352(1)
45.4 Neuroimaging
352(1)
45.5 EEG Investigations
352(1)
45.6 Surgical Options
353(2)
45.7 Summary
355(1)
References
355(3)
46 Surgical Management of Childhood Epilepsy: Corpus Callosotomy and Vagal Nerve Stimulation
358(10)
Oguz Cataltepe
46.1 Introduction
358(1)
46.2 Corpus Callosotomy
358(3)
46.3 Vagal Nerve Stimulation
361(4)
46.4 Conclusion
365(1)
46.5 Common Clinical Questions
365(1)
46.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
365(1)
References
365(3)
47 Surgical Management of Pediatric Spasticity
368(14)
Michael M. McDowell
Michelle Q. Phan
Richard C.E. Anderson
47.1 Introduction
368(1)
47.2 Epidemiology and Pathophysiology
368(1)
47.3 Diagnosis and Examination
368(2)
47.4 Nonsurgical Management
370(1)
47.5 Surgical Indications
371(6)
References
377(5)
Section IX Trauma
48 Neonatal Brachial Plexus Injury
382(8)
Jonathan Pindrik
48.1 Introduction
382(1)
48.2 Anatomy
382(1)
48.3 Examination
383(1)
48.4 Nonsurgical Management
384(1)
48.5 Surgical Indications
384(1)
48.6 Surgical Technique
384(3)
48.7 Complications
387(1)
48.8 Postoperative Care
387(1)
48.9 Outcomes
387(1)
48.10 Surgical Pearls
387(1)
48.11 Common Clinical Questions
388(1)
48.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
388(1)
References
389(1)
49 Pediatric Spine Trauma
390(7)
Douglas Brockmeyer
49.1 Introduction
390(1)
49.2 Epidemiology
390(1)
49.3 Pathophysiology
390(1)
49.4 Anatomy
390(1)
49.5 Specific Injuries
391(2)
49.6 Examination
393(1)
49.7 Prehospital Management
393(1)
49.8 Nonsurgical Management
394(1)
49.9 Surgical Indications
394(1)
49.10 Surgical Technique
394(1)
49.11 Complications
395(1)
49.12 Outcomes
395(1)
49.13 Postoperative Care and Rehabilitation of Spinal Cord Injury
395(1)
49.14 Surgical Pearls
395(1)
49.15 Common Clinical Questions
395(1)
49.16 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
396(1)
References
396(1)
50 Pediatric Peripheral Nervous System Trauma
397(12)
Kambiz Kamian
Andrew T. Healy
50.1 Introduction
397(1)
50.2 Peripheral Nerve Anatomy
397(1)
50.3 Mechanism of Neuronal Injury
397(1)
50.4 Sunderland's Classification
398(1)
50.5 Examination
398(1)
50.6 Neurophysiology
399(1)
50.7 Imaging
400(1)
50.8 Nonsurgical Management
400(1)
50.9 Surgical Repair
400(1)
50.10 Pearls
401(1)
50.11 Postoperative Care/Follow-up
401(1)
50.12 Brachial Plexus
402(2)
50.13 Extremities
404(1)
50.14 Upper Extremity
404(1)
50.15 Lower Extremity
405(1)
50.16 Common Clinical Questions
406(1)
50.17 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
406(1)
References
406(3)
51 Management of Pediatric Head Trauma
409(14)
Linda W. Xu
Gerald A. Grant
51.1 Introduction
409(1)
51.2 Initial Emergency Room Evaluation
409(1)
51.3 Management of Mild TBI
410(2)
51.4 Management of Severe TBI and Polytrauma
412(6)
51.5 Surgical Pearls
418(1)
51.6 Common Clinical Questions
419(1)
51.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
419(1)
References
419(4)
52 Abusive Head Trauma
423(7)
Mark S. Dias
52.1 Definitions and Nomenclature
423(1)
52.2 Clinical Presentation
424(1)
52.3 Differential Diagnosis of AHT
425(1)
52.4 Work-up of AHT
426(1)
52.5 Treatment
426(1)
52.6 Outcome
427(1)
52.7 Other Considerations
427(1)
References
427(3)
Section X Infections
53 Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Intracranial Infections
430(18)
Jonathan R. Ellenbogen
Richard P.D. Cooke
Conor L. Mallucci
53.1 Introduction
430(1)
53.2 Bacterial Meningitis
430(4)
53.3 Viral Meningitis
434(2)
53.4 Encephalitis
436(4)
53.5 Brain Abscess, Subdural Empyema, and Extradural Empyema
440(5)
53.6 Common Clinical Questions
445(1)
53.7 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
446(1)
References
446(2)
54 Evaluation and Management of Pediatric Spinal Infections
448(12)
Lydia J. Liang
Mari L. Groves
54.1 Introduction
448(2)
54.2 Anatomy
450(2)
54.3 Examination
452(3)
54.4 Nonsurgical Management
455(1)
54.5 Surgical Indications
455(1)
54.6 Surgical Technique
456(1)
54.7 Complications
457(1)
54.8 Postoperative Care
457(1)
54.9 Outcomes
457(1)
54.10 Surgical Pearls
458(1)
54.11 Common Clinical Questions
458(1)
54.12 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
458(1)
References
458(2)
55 Surgical Considerations in Tuberculosis, Fungal, and Parasitic Infections of CNS in Children
460(24)
Chandrashekhar Deopujari
Dattatraya Muzumdar
Sonal Jain
55.1 Introduction
460(1)
55.2 Pathogenesis
460(1)
55.3 Tuberculous Meningitis
460(18)
References
478(6)
Section XI Operating Room Basics
56 Neuronavigation in Pediatric Neurosurgery
484(13)
Ulrich-Wilhelm N. Thomale
56.1 Introduction
484(1)
56.2 Terminology
484(1)
56.3 Technique
484(3)
56.4 Indications
487(2)
56.5 Common Clinical Questions
489(1)
56.6 Answers to Common Clinical Questions
490(1)
References
490(7)
Appendices 497(5)
Index 502
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