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El. knyga: Handbook of Web Surveys, Second Edition 2nd Edition [Wiley Online]

(Statistics Netherlands),
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"Web surveys have become a popular means of data collection. It is a cheap and fast way to collect data potentially large group of people. Carrying out a web survey, however, also involves a number of methodological issues. Researchers conducting web-based survey research must understand (1) major sources of survey error associated with this kind of data collection and current approaches to addressing these problems; (2) current best practices for the conducting this kind of research, such as the basic principles of web survey questionnaire design; and (3) the advantages and disadvantages of web surveys, relative to other survey data collection modes"--

Handbook of Web Surveys, Second Edition provides a theoretical yet practical approach to creating and conducting web surveys. This revised edition contains new and expanded topical coverage. Major new features of this edition include actualization of the context in which web surveys are taking place, consideration of new methods and results, and new sections on mobile survey and adaptive survey design. This book also includes an extended revision of coverage of web panels, R-indicators, and the framework of the survey process. The introduction contains a new description of the environment in which web surveys are administered and problems and opportunities arising from the recent trends in the digital context. Next is a thorough coverage of web surveys, followed by a chapter on a framework for steps and errors in web surveys. Sampling for web surveys is discussed, followed by coverage of errors in web surveys. Web surveys and other modes of data collection are examined.  Next is a chapter on designing a web survey questionnaire. Other topics covered include adaptive and responsive design, mixed-mode surveys, the problem of undercoverage, and weighting adjustment techniques. The book concludes with a discussion on the use of response propensities and web panels. Each chapter includes updated examples and exercises that incorporate real survey data. This book is appropriate for academics and practitioners in the fields of business, government, economics, and the social sciences who apply survey methods or construct, conduct, or analyze data from surveys in their everyday work.

Preface xi
1 The Road To Web Surveys
1(46)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Theory
2(29)
1.2.1 The Everlasting Demand for Statistical Information
2(6)
1.2.2 Traditional Data Collection
8(3)
1.2.3 The Era of Computer-Assisted Interviewing
11(2)
1.2.4 The Conquest of the Web
13(10)
1.2.5 Web Surveys and Other Sources
23(5)
1.2.6 Historic Summary
28(1)
1.2.7 Present-Day Challenges and Opportunities
28(2)
1.2.8 Conclusions from Modern-Day Challenges
30(1)
1.2.9 Thriving in the Modem-Day Survey World
30(1)
1.3 Application
31(8)
1.3.1 Blaise
31(8)
1.4 Summary
39(8)
Key Terms
41(1)
Exercises
42(2)
References
44(3)
2 About Web Surveys
47(26)
2.1 Introduction
47(3)
2.2 Theory
50(14)
2.2.1 Typical Survey Situations
51(5)
2.2.2 Why Online Data Collection?
56(4)
2.2.3 Areas of Application
60(2)
2.2.4 Trends in Web Surveys
62(2)
2.3 Application
64(4)
2.4 Summary
68(5)
Key Terms
68(1)
Exercises
69(2)
References
71(2)
3 A Framework For Steps And Errors In Web Surveys
73(20)
3.1 Introduction
73(2)
3.2 Theory
75(13)
3.3 Application
88(1)
3.4 Summary
89(4)
Key Terms
90(1)
Exercises
90(1)
References
91(2)
4 Sampling For Web Surveys
93(40)
4.1 Introduction
93(2)
4.2 Theory
95(28)
4.2.1 Target Population
95(3)
4.2.2 Sampling Frames
98(5)
4.2.3 Basic Concepts of Sampling
103(3)
4.2.4 Simple Random Sampling
106(3)
4.2.5 Determining the Sample Size
109(3)
4.2.6 Some Other Sampling Designs
112(6)
4.2.7 Estimation Procedures
118(5)
4.3 Application
123(5)
4.4 Summary
128(5)
Key Terms
129(1)
Exercises
130(1)
References
131(2)
5 Errors In Web Surveys
133(56)
5.1 Introduction
133(9)
5.2 Theory
142(32)
5.2.1 Measurement Errors
142(22)
5.2.2 Nonresponse
164(10)
5.3 Application
174(5)
5.3.1 The Safety Monitor
174(1)
5.3.2 Measurement Errors
175(2)
5.3.3 Nonresponse
177(2)
5.4 Summary
179(10)
Key Terms
180(2)
Exercises
182(3)
References
185(4)
6 Web Surveys And Other Modes Of Data Collection
189(48)
6.1 Introduction
189(5)
6.1.1 Modes of Data Collection
189(1)
6.1.2 The Choice of the Modes of Data Collection
190(4)
6.2 Theory
194(28)
6.2.1 Face-to-Face Surveys
194(6)
6.2.2 Telephone Surveys
200(6)
6.2.3 Mail Surveys
206(5)
6.2.4 Web Surveys
211(4)
6.2.5 Mobile Web Surveys
215(7)
6.3 Application
222(8)
6.4 Summary
230(7)
Key Terms
231(2)
Exercises
233(2)
References
235(2)
7 Designing A Web Survey Questionnaire
237(54)
7.1 Introduction
237(3)
7.2 Theory
240(41)
7.2.1 The Road Map Toward a Web Questionnaire
240(9)
7.2.2 The Language of Questions
249(3)
7.2.3 Basic Concepts of Visualization
252(6)
7.2.4 Answers Types (Response Format)
258(13)
7.2.5 Web Questionnaires and Paradata
271(7)
7.2.6 Trends in Web Questionnaire Design and Visualization
278(3)
7.3 Application
281(1)
7.4 Summary
282(9)
Key Terms
283(1)
Exercises
284(2)
References
286(5)
8 Adaptive And Responsive Design
291(30)
8.1 Introduction
291(3)
8.2 Theory
294(15)
8.2.1 Terminology
294(4)
8.2.2 Quality and Cost Functions
298(3)
8.2.3 Strategy Allocation and Optimization
301(8)
8.3 Application
309(7)
8.4 Summary
316(5)
Key Terms
316(1)
Exercises
317(1)
References
318(3)
9 Mixed-Mode Surveys
321(78)
9.1 Introduction
321(5)
9.2 The Theory
326(17)
9.2.1 What is Mixed-Mode?
326(8)
9.2.2 Why Mixed-Mode?
334(9)
9.3 Methodological Issues
343(41)
9.3.1 Preventing Mode Effects Through Questionnaire Design
346(4)
9.3.2 How to Mix Modes?
350(4)
9.3.3 How to Compute Response Rates?
354(5)
9.3.4 Avoiding and Adjusting Mode Effects for Inference
359(11)
9.3.5 Mixed-Mode by Businesses and Households
370(14)
9.4 Application
384(2)
9.5 Summary
386(13)
Key Terms
388(1)
Exercises
388(2)
References
390(9)
10 The Problem Of Under-Coverage
399(24)
10.1 Introduction
399(6)
10.2 Theory
405(9)
10.2.1 The Internet Population
405(1)
10.2.2 A Random Sample from the Internet Population
406(4)
10.2.3 Reducing the Non-Coverage Bias
410(3)
10.2.4 Mixed-Mode Data Collection
413(1)
10.3 Application
414(3)
10.4 Summary
417(6)
Key Terms
418(1)
Exercises
419(2)
References
421(2)
11 The Problem Of Self-Selection
423(34)
11.1 Introduction
423(8)
11.2 Theory
431(13)
11.2.1 Basic Sampling Theory
431(3)
11.2.2 A Self-Selection Sample from the Internet Population
434(5)
11.2.3 Reducing the Self-Selection Bias
439(5)
11.3 Applications
444(7)
11.3.1 Application 1: Simulating Self-Selection Polls
444(4)
11.3.2 Application 2: Sunday Shopping in Alphen a/d Rijn
448(3)
11.4 Summary
451(6)
Key Terms
452(1)
Exercises
453(2)
References
455(2)
12 Weighting Adjustment Techniques
457(56)
12.1 Introduction
457(6)
12.2 Theory
463(37)
12.2.1 The Concept of Representativity
463(2)
12.2.2 Post-Stratification
465(12)
12.2.3 Generalized Regression Estimation
477(9)
12.2.4 Raking Ratio Estimation
486(4)
12.2.5 Calibration Estimation
490(1)
12.2.6 Constraining the Values of Weights
491(1)
12.2.7 Correction Using a Reference Survey
492(8)
12.3 Application
500(6)
12.4 Summary
506(7)
Key Terms
508(1)
Exercises
509(3)
References
512(1)
13 Use Of Response Propensities
513(36)
13.1 Introduction
513(4)
13.2 Theory
517(18)
13.2.1 A Simple Random Sample With Nonresponse
517(3)
13.2.2 A Self-Selection Sample
520(1)
13.2.3 The Response Propensity Definition
521(1)
13.2.4 Models for Response Propensities
522(7)
13.2.5 Correction Methods Based on Response Propensities
529(6)
13.3 Application
535(7)
13.3.1 Generation of the Population
536(1)
13.3.2 Generation of Response Probabilities
537(1)
13.3.3 Generation of the Sample
537(1)
13.3.4 Computation of Response Propensities
537(1)
13.3.5 Matching Response Propensities
537(3)
13.3.6 Estimation of Population Characteristics
540(1)
13.3.7 Evaluating the Results
541(1)
13.3.8 Model Sensitivity
542(1)
13.4 Summary
542(7)
Key Terms
543(1)
Exercises
544(2)
References
546(3)
14 Web Panels
549(50)
14.1 Introduction
549(6)
14.2 Theory
555(30)
14.2.1 Under-Coverage
555(2)
14.2.2 Recruitment
557(6)
14.2.3 Nonresponse
563(14)
14.2.4 Representativity
577(3)
14.2.5 Weighting Adjustment for Panels
580(2)
14.2.6 Panel Maintenance
582(3)
14.3 Applications
585(7)
14.3.1 Application 1: The Web Panel Pilot of Statistics Netherlands
585(4)
14.3.2 Application 2: The U.K. Polling Disaster
589(3)
14.4 Summary
592(7)
Key Terms
593(1)
Exercises
593(2)
References
595(4)
Index 599
SILVIA BIFFIGNANDI is a professor at the Center for Statistics and Analysis of Sample Surveys, University of Bergamo, Bergamo, Italy.

JELKE BETHLEHEM is affiliated with Statistics Netherlands, a Division of Methodology and Quality, The Netherlands.