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Harmful Algae Blooms in Drinking Water: Removal of Cyanobacterial Cells and Toxins [Kietas viršelis]

(The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA)
  • Formatas: Hardback, 174 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 388 g, 10 Tables, black and white; 30 Illustrations, black and white
  • Serija: Advances in Water and Wastewater Transport and Treatment
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Dec-2014
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1466583053
  • ISBN-13: 9781466583054
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Harmful Algae Blooms in Drinking Water: Removal of Cyanobacterial Cells and ToxinsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Hardback, 174 pages, aukštis x plotis: 234x156 mm, weight: 388 g, 10 Tables, black and white; 30 Illustrations, black and white
  • Serija: Advances in Water and Wastewater Transport and Treatment
  • Išleidimo metai: 18-Dec-2014
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1466583053
  • ISBN-13: 9781466583054
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9781466583054.html
Raktažodžiai:

Harmful algal blooms (HABs) occurring in freshwater, and the associated toxins they produce, are dangerous to animals and humans. Mitigating the increasing presence of HABs presents a major challenge to water managers and drinking water utilities across the world. This book explores the current research on removal of HABs and toxins from drinking water. It provides the necessary tools so that treatment plant operators, engineers, and water managers can understand the vulnerability of drinking water treatment plants to HABs and develop treatment processes to minimize the impact of these contaminants.

Although conventional treatment processes can be effective for the removal of HAB cells and some HAB toxins under optimal conditions, the potential exists for significant breakthrough of toxins during normal operation. As a result, there is a recognized need for more advanced techniques. Possible advanced processes for removing HAB toxins include granular activated carbon (GAC), powdered activated carbon (PAC), or oxidative processes. This book reviews both conventional and advanced treatment processes and presents clear and easy-to-understand procedures for the design of systems for optimal cell or toxin removal.

Recenzijos

"Harold Walkers Harmful Algae Blooms in Drinking Water: Removal of Cyanobacterial Cells and Toxins is well written and easy to understand. This book is a great resource for students, managers, water treatment plant operators, anglers, and beach users. With this book, Walker clearly explains the biggest water quality problem of the twenty-first century and its solutions." Dr. Jeffrey M. Reutter, Director, Ohio Sea Grant College Program and Stone Laboratory, Ohio State University

"This is an excellent book for people to learn the general aspects about harmful algal blooms, cyanotoxins, their occurrence, and treatment." Dr. Dion Dionysiou, Professor and Graduate Program Director, School of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Cincinnati

Preface ix
About the Author xi
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 Harmful Algal Blooms and Harmful Algal Bloom Toxins
1(2)
1.2 Causes of HABs
3(2)
1.3 HABs and Drinking Water
5(4)
1.4 Overview
9(2)
References
10(1)
2 Occurrence and Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms
11(16)
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Types of Harmful Algal Blooms
11(1)
2.3 Occurrence of Freshwater HABs
12(2)
2.4 Ecology of Harmful Algal Blooms
14(5)
2.5 Toxin Release and Modes of Expression
19(1)
2.6 Models and Early Warning Tools
20(7)
References
25(2)
3 Toxin Properties, Toxicity, and Health Effects
27(20)
3.1 Introduction
27(1)
3.2 Nodularin
28(4)
3.2.1 Nodularin Properties
30(1)
3.2.2 Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Nodularin
30(2)
3.2.3 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Nodularin
32(1)
3.2.4 Skin Irritation and Other Effects Induced by Nodularia and Nodularin
32(1)
3.3 Microcystins
32(4)
3.3.1 Microcystin Properties
33(1)
3.3.2 Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Microcystins
34(2)
3.3.3 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Microcystins
36(1)
3.3.4 Skin Irritation and Other Effects Induced by Microcystis and Microcystins
36(1)
3.4 Anatoxin-a
36(2)
3.4.1 Anatoxin-a Properties
37(1)
3.4.2 Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Anatoxin-a
37(1)
3.4.3 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Anatoxin-a
38(1)
3.4.4 Skin Irritation Induced by Anatoxin-a
38(1)
3.5 Cylindrospermopsin
38(4)
3.5.1 Cylindrospermopsin Properties
39(1)
3.5.2 Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Cylindrospermopsin
40(1)
3.5.3 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Cylindrospermopsin
41(1)
3.5.4 Skin Irritation Induced by Cylindrospermopsis and Cylindrospermopsin
41(1)
3.6 Saxitoxins
42(5)
3.6.1 Saxitoxin Properties
42(1)
3.6.2 Acute and Chronic Toxicity of Saxitoxin
42(1)
3.6.3 Genotoxicity and Carcinogenicity of Saxitoxin
43(1)
3.6.4 Skin Irritation Induced by Saxitoxin
43(1)
References
43(4)
4 Regulation of HABs and HAB Toxins in Surface and Drinking Water
47(16)
4.1 Introduction
47(1)
4.2 Funding for Research and Risk Assessment on HABs and HAB Toxins
47(2)
4.3 Drinking Water Regulations
49(2)
4.4 Recreational Water Regulations
51(1)
4.5 Nutrient Regulations
52(5)
4.6 Case Study: Grand Lake--St. Marys
57(6)
References
60(3)
5 Source Water Control of Harmful Algal Blooms and Toxins
63(20)
5.1 Introduction
63(1)
5.2 Natural Attenuation of HABs and Toxins
64(5)
5.2.1 Photolysis
65(1)
5.2.2 Adsorption
66(1)
5.2.3 Biodegradation
67(2)
5.3 In Situ Mitigation of HABs and HAB Toxins
69(14)
5.3.1 Artificial Destratification and Aeration
69(4)
5.3.2 Alum Coagulation
73(3)
5.3.3 Clay Flocculants
76(3)
5.3.4 Algicides
79(1)
5.3.5 Other Approaches
79(1)
References
80(3)
6 Conventional Treatment Processes for Removal of HAB Cells and Toxins from Drinking Water
83(28)
6.1 Introduction
83(1)
6.2 Coagulation, Flocculation, Sedimentation, and Dissolved Air Flotation
84(4)
6.3 Filtration
88(1)
6.4 Adsorption
89(13)
6.4.1 Modeling Powdered Activated Carbon Adsorption
93(3)
6.4.2 Modeling Granular Activated Carbon Adsorption
96(6)
6.5 Chemical Disinfection
102(5)
6.6 Other Disinfection Technologies
107(4)
References
107(4)
7 Advanced Treatment Processes for the Removal of HAB Cells and Toxins from Drinking Water
111(30)
7.1 Introduction
111(1)
7.2 Membrane Processes
111(12)
7.2.1 RO and NF for Removal of HABs and HAB Toxins
113(7)
7.2.2 Ultrafiltration and Microfiltration
120(1)
7.2.3 Ultrafiltration--Powdered Activated Carbon
121(2)
7.3 Advanced Oxidation Processes
123(18)
7.3.1 Ozone
123(3)
7.3.2 Potassium Permanganate
126(2)
7.3.3 Photolysis and UV/Hydrogen Peroxide
128(3)
7.3.4 UV/TiO2
131(2)
7.3.5 Sulfate Radical
133(1)
7.3.6 Ultrasound
134(1)
7.3.7 Fenton Reaction
134(1)
7.3.8 Ferrate
135(1)
References
135(6)
8 Summary and Conclusions
141(6)
References
145(2)
Index 147
Harold Walker is director and professor of civil engineering at Stony Brook University. Prior to coming to Stony Brook, Dr. Walker was a professor in the Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering at The Ohio State University. Dr. Walker also served as the director of the Ohio Water Resources Center, the federally authorized and state-designated water resources research institute for the state of Ohio. Dr. Walker served on the board of directors of the National Institutes for Water Resources as well as on the board of directors for the Water Management Association of Ohio. Dr. Walker is a registered professional engineer in the state of Ohio. He has a BS in environmental engineering from Cal Poly San Luis Obispo and MS and PhD degrees in civil and environmental engineering from the University of California, Irvine.

Dr. Walkers research focuses on understanding surface chemical processes in natural and engineered systems, with an emphasis on clean water. Current areas of research include predicting the fate and transport of manufactured nanomaterials, cyanotoxins, and other "emerging" contaminants in groundwater, lakes, oceans, and water treatment plants; developing novel membrane treatment systems and membrane cleaning approaches; and determining the vulnerability of the public to cyanotoxins in finished drinking water. Dr. Walker has secured external funds to support his research from a number of sources, such as the National Science Foundation (NSF), US Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Department of Energy (DOE), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (through Sea Grant), and a variety of state agencies, industries, and other sources.