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El. knyga: The Harmonisation of European Contract Law: Implications for European Private Laws, Business and Legal Practice

Edited by (Max Planck Institute for European Legal History), Edited by (University of Oxford)
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After an extended period in which the European Community has merely nibbled at the edges of national contract law, the bite of a European contract law has lately become more pronounced. Many areas of law, from competition and consumer law to gender equality law, are now the subject of determined efforts at harmonization, though they are perhaps often seen as peripheral to mainstream commercial contract law. Despite continuing doubts about the constitutional competence of the Commission to embark on further harmonization in this area, European contract law is now taking shape with the Commission prompting a debate about what it might attempt. A central aspect of this book is the report of a remarkable survey carried out by the Oxford Institute for European and Comparative Law in collaboration with the global law firm of Clifford Chance, which sought the views of European businesses about the advantages and disadvantages of further harmonization. The final report of this survey brings much needed empirical data to a debate that has thus far lacked clear evidence of this sort. The survey is embedded in a range of original and up-to-date essays by leading European contract scholars reviewing recent developments, questioning progress so far, and suggesting areas where further analysis and research will be required.

Recenzijos

All in all the book gives - thanks to the quality of the authors and its comprehensive and coherent structure - a very fair picture of the ongoing debate concerning European contract law. This volume is very nicely edited. It contains comprehensive tables of cases, domestic legislation, EC legislation, international legislation and principles and a every detailed index. This book is a true milestone in the debate on European contract law. Jules Stuyck Common Market Law Review, Vol 44, No 2 Apr-07 ...a highly recommendable and differentiated piece of reading...This book contains a wealth of information...an important watershed in the debate on a contract law for Europe. Lesley Jane Smith European Review of Contract Law, Issue 2 May-07

Contributors xi
Series Editor's Foreword xiii
Table of Cases xv
Table of Domestic Legislation xvii
Table of EC Legislation xxi
Table of International Legislation and Principles xxv
1 The Spectre of a European Contract Law
STEFAN VOGENAUER
1(4)
2 Harmonisation of European Contract Law: The State We Are In
EWAN McKENDRICK
5(26)
I. How Did We Get Here?
5(9)
II. Why Seek to Create a European Contract Law?
14(5)
1. Increase in Cross-border Transactions
14(1)
2. Differences in Contract Law as a Barrier to Trade
14(1)
3. The Growth in Standard Form Contracts and the Growing Use of Boilerplate Clauses
15(2)
4. National Laws Unsuitable for International Transactions
17(1)
5. The Growth of International Commercial Arbitration
18(1)
6. National Laws Cannot Solve the Problems which Currently Confront Those Who Enter International Transactions
18(1)
III. Why Object to the Creation of a European Contract Law?
19(9)
1. Divergent Laws Do Not Act as a Barrier to Trade
21(3)
2. Such Problems as Do Exist Do not Demand the Creation of a European Contract Law
24(2)
3. The Disadvantages of Harmonisation
26(1)
4. The Virtue of Diversity
27(1)
IV. The Future
28(3)
3 English Law Reform and the Impact of European Private Law
HUGH BEALE
31(8)
I. The Impact of Community Law
31(6)
II. The Impact of Domestic European Laws
37(2)
4 The Ideal of Codification and the Dynamics of Europeanisation: The Dutch Experience
MARTIJN W HESSELINK
39(32)
I. The New Dutch Civil Code
39(3)
1. Recodification, not Reform
39(1)
2. Substantive Innovations
40(1)
3. The Main Characteristics of the New BW
41(1)
II. The Harmonisation of Contract Law
42(6)
1. Directives and the New Code
42(1)
2. Example 1: Standard Terms
43(2)
3. Example 2: Time-sharing
45(1)
4. Example 3: Consumer Sales
45(3)
III. Codification and Harmonisation
48(4)
IV. The CFR as Codification
52(6)
1. The EC's Action Plan; the Way Forward
52(1)
2. Codification in a Substantive Sense
53(4)
3. National Coherence v European Coherence
57(1)
V. The Way Forward for National Legislators: Three Codification Strategies
58(11)
1. Resistance
59(4)
2. Segregation
63(4)
3. Surrender
67(2)
VI. Final Remarks
69(2)
5 Contract Law Reform: The German Experience
REINHARD ZIMMERMANN
71(18)
I. The Modernisation of the Law of Obligations Act
71(3)
II. Remedies for Breach of Duty
74(4)
III. Liability for Non-conformity in the Law of Sale
78(3)
IV. Prescription (or Limitation)
81(2)
V. Consumer Contract Law
83(6)
6 Constitutional Issues—How Much is Best Left Unsaid?
STEPHEN WEATHERILL
89(16)
I. Introduction
89(1)
II. Constitutional Ground Rules and Practical Policitics
90(2)
III. The Rise of 'Competence Anxiety'
92(3)
IV. The Commission's Communications and Questions of Legal Competence
95(2)
V. Three Reasons for the Commission's Reticence
97(6)
VI. Conclusion
103(2)
7 The European Community's Competence to Pursue the Harmonisation of Contract Law—an Empirical Contribution to the Debate
STEFAN VOGENAUER & STEPHEN WEATHERILL
105(44)
I. Introduction
105(1)
II. The Quiet Evolution of European Contract Law
106(2)
III. The Commission's Trio of Communications
108(5)
IV. Establishing Competence: the Perceived Views of European Business
113(23)
1. Previous Attempts to Evaluate the Attitudes and Expectations of Market Participants towards a European Contract Law
114(3)
2. The Business Survey Conducted in Early 2005: Respondents and Methodology
117(2)
3. Results of the Survey
119(17)
V. Conclusions: Where To Go Next
136(4)
Appendix A: Background Information
140(3)
Appendix B: Questionnaire
143(6)
8 Harmonisation of and Codification in European Contract Law
GUIDO ALPA
149(22)
I. Contract Law between General and Special Rules
149(3)
II. Freedom of Contract and Market Regulation
152(4)
III. New Scenarios of Contract Law
156(2)
IV. Recodification Initiative: from 'Decodification' to 'Recodification'
158(11)
V. Conclusion
169(2)
9 Contracts and European Consumer Law: an OFT Perspective
SIR JOHN VICKERS
171(14)
I. Introduction
171(1)
II. Contracts and the Harmonisation of Competition Law
172(1)
III. Contracts and the Harmonisation of Consumer Law
173(10)
1. Unfair Terms in Consumer Contracts
174(3)
2. The Unfair Commercial Practices Directive
177(3)
3. Consistency of Law Enforcement
180(3)
IV Conclusions
183(2)
10 The Commission's Communications and Standard Contract Terms
ULF BERNITZ
185(12)
I. European Private Law and Standard Terms and Conditions
185(2)
II. The Commission's Communications from the Viewpoint of Standard Terms and Conditions in B2B Contracts
187(4)
III. The Relation to Lex Mercatoria and the Work of Non-governmental Organisations
191(2)
IV Elimination of Legal Obstacles to the Use of EU-Wide Standard Terms and Conditions
193(2)
V Two Final Points
195(2)
11 Non-Legislative Harmonisation: Protection from Unfair Suretyships
AURELIA COLOMBI CIACCHI
197(10)
I. The Advantages of non-legislative Harmonisation
197(1)
II. Unfair Suretyships and Case-law Convergence
198(3)
III. 'Cryptotypes' in Unfair Suretyship Law
201(1)
IV. Disparity of Surety Protection Standards in Europe
202(1)
V. Harmonisation of Standards of Protection through Horizontal Effect of Fundamental Rights and Constitutional Principles?
203(4)
12 Harmonisation of European Insurance Contract Law
DANIELA WEBER-REY
207(28)
I. Introduction
207(5)
II. History of European Insurance Contract Law
212(8)
1. First Generation of Insurance Directives—Freedom of Establishment
213(1)
2. The Directive Proposal of 1979/80
214(2)
3. Four Major Judgments of the European Court of Justice
216(1)
4. Second Generation of Insurance Directives—Freedom to Provide Services
217(1)
5. Third Generation of Insurance Directives—Completion of the Single Market
218(2)
III. Current Status of European Insurance Contract Law
220(3)
1. General
220(1)
2. Law Applicable to Insurance Contracts
221(1)
3. Possible Solutions
222(1)
IV. Model of an Optional European Contract Act
223(3)
V. Reactions to a Harmonised European Insurance Contract Law
226(7)
1. Views on the Current Status of European Insurance Contract Law and a Possible Optional Instrument
226(4)
2. Possible Contents of an Optional Instrument
230(2)
3. Conclusion
232(1)
VI. Pros and Cons of a Possible Harmonisation
233(1)
1. Pros
233(1)
2. Cons
233(1)
VII. Outlook
234(1)
13 European Contract Law — What Does It Mean and What Does It Not Mean?
DIRK STAUDENMAYER
235(10)
I. Introduction
235(1)
II. What is an Optional Instrument in the Area of European Contract Law and What Is It Not?
236(5)
1. The Debate around Optional Instruments
236(2)
2. Relationship with Private International Law and the Legal Nature of the Optional Instrument
238(2)
3. Contents and Scope of an Optional Instrument
240(1)
III. The Common Frame of Reference
241
1. Objectives of the Common Frame of Reference
242(1)
2. The Preparation of the Common Frame of Reference
243
14 Harmonisation of European Contract Law—the United Kingdom Government's Thinking
BARONESS ASHTON OF UPHOLLAND
245(4)
15 Concluding Observations
DAVID EDWARD
249(4)
Index 253


Stefan Vogenauer is Professor of Comparative Law at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of Brasenose College and Director of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law. Stephen Weatherill is Jacques Delors Professor of European Law at the University of Oxford, a Fellow of Somerville College and a Deputy Director of the Oxford Institute of European and Comparative Law.