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El. knyga: Head's Broadcasting in America: A Survey of Electronic Media 10th edition [Taylor & Francis e-book]

(Indiana University, USA), (University of Miami),
  • Formatas: 360 pages
  • Serija: Mycommunicationkit
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Feb-2009
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781315664040
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Taylor & Francis e-book
  • Kaina: 212,34 €*
  • * this price gives unlimited concurrent access for unlimited time
  • Standartinė kaina: 303,35 €
  • Sutaupote 30%
  • Formatas: 360 pages
  • Serija: Mycommunicationkit
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Feb-2009
  • Leidėjas: Routledge
  • ISBN-13: 9781315664040
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

After fifty years of market prominence and incredible demand from loyal users, Head’s Broadcasting in America’s tenth edition returns as the celebrated leader in its field with its renowned treatment of electronic media as a social force and with a distinguished new author team from Sydney Head's legacy school, the University of Miami.

Head’s Broadcasting in America distinguishes itself by presenting electronic media both as products of contemporary social forces and as social forces in their own right. This book will introduce you to the exciting changes taking place in electronic media. It will help you examine the emerging information infrastructure and the accelerating convergence of various electronic media forms. It will also help you explore the role electronic media plays in many academic areas, ranging from economics to law, from history to social science. You will find this industry more accessible as you experience broadcasting dually through the people and the products that have shaped the history of this medium and through your own experiences with broadcasting in your daily life.

List of Exhibits
xvii
Preface xxi
Acknowledgments xxiii
Introducing Electronic Media
1(12)
What It Means
2(4)
Convergence
2(1)
Volatile Markets
3(1)
Power to the People: The Democratization of Media
4(1)
The Effects of Government Policy
5(1)
The Players
6(6)
Broadcasting
7(2)
Cable
9(1)
Direct-to-Home Satellite Television
9(1)
Newspapers
10(1)
Telephone
10(1)
Computers and the Internet
11(1)
Back to Basics
12(1)
From Radio to Television
13(28)
Cultural Precedents
14(1)
Urbanization
14(1)
Penny Press
14(1)
Vaudeville
14(1)
The Phonograph
14(1)
Motion Pictures
15(1)
Technological Precedents
15(1)
The Telegraph
15(1)
The Telephone
15(1)
Wireless Communication
16(2)
Hertzian Waves
16(1)
``The Right Releasing Touch''
16(1)
The Vacuum Tube
16(1)
Commercial Uses of Wireless
17(1)
Military Wireless
17(1)
Birth of Broadcasting
18(3)
Government Monopoly Avoided
18(1)
Origin of RCA
19(1)
Peacetime Patent Pooling
19(1)
The First Broadcasting Station
20(1)
Broadcasting Becomes an Industry
21(2)
The Radio Group; The Telephone Group
21(1)
The First Commercials
21(1)
Conflicts
22(1)
New Arrangements
22(1)
Birth of NBC
22(1)
Birth of CBS
22(1)
Government Regulation
23(2)
1912 Radio Act
24(1)
1927 Radio Act
24(1)
Depression Years, 1929-1937
25(2)
Role of Broadcasting
25(1)
Roosevelt and Radio
26(1)
Network Developments
26(1)
Early Radio Programs
27(2)
Comedy
27(1)
Daytime Drama
27(1)
News
28(1)
Music
28(1)
Live Performance vs. Recording
28(1)
Recording's Triumph
29(1)
Content Regulation
29(1)
That Little Black Box---The Development of FM Radio
29(1)
The War Years
30(2)
Entertainment Programming
31(1)
Wartime News
31(1)
Radio Responds to Television
32(1)
Radio Network Decline
32(1)
Rock to the Rescue
32(1)
FM's Rise to Dominance
33(1)
AM's Struggle
33(1)
Early TV Development
33(2)
Mechanical vs. Electronic Scanning
33(1)
TV's Debut
34(1)
Postwar Pause
34(1)
TV Takes Off
35(3)
Growing Pains
35(1)
The Freeze and Sixth Report and Order
36(1)
Channel-Allotment Plan
36(1)
UHF Problem
36(1)
Compatible Color
36(1)
TV Networking and Recording
37(1)
Ceiling on Networks
37(1)
Television's Golden Age, 1948-1957
38(1)
Programs as Motivators
38(1)
TV vs. Hollywood
38(1)
Competitive Strategies
38(1)
Looking Back, Looking Forward
39(2)
Cable and Newer Media
41(24)
Emergence of Cable
42(3)
Extending TV Coverage
42(1)
CATV
42(1)
Program Augmentation
42(1)
Broadcaster Fears
42(1)
Cable Regulation
43(2)
Cable's Ascendancy
45(2)
Domsats and TVRO Antennas
45(1)
Turner and Superstations
45(1)
HBO and Pay Cable
45(1)
Cable Programming
45(2)
Advanced Cable Services
47(1)
Interacting with TV
47(1)
Pay-per-View
47(1)
Digital Cable
47(1)
Video on Demand (VOD)
47(1)
Broadband Internet Access
48(1)
Cable Telephony
48(1)
Higher Costs: Fewer Owners
48(1)
Programs via Satellite
48(3)
Big Dish TVROs
48(1)
Direct-to-Home Satellites
48(1)
DBS Programming
49(1)
Advanced DBS Services
50(1)
Satellite Radio
50(1)
Niche Services
51(1)
Wireless Cable/Broadband Radio Service
51(1)
MATV/SMATV
51(1)
Utility Companies
51(1)
Telephone Companies
52(1)
The Internet
52(3)
Internet Origins
52(1)
Internet Activities
53(2)
Electronics Revolution
55(2)
Transistors
55(2)
The Chip
57(1)
Consumer Media
57(3)
Audio Cassettes and CDs
57(1)
MP3 and MP3 Players
57(1)
MP3 Music Wars
57(1)
VCRs: Giving the Viewer Control
58(1)
Videodisc Players
58(1)
Digital Video Disc
58(1)
PVR/DVR
59(1)
Broadcasting: Changing Course
60(3)
FCC Studies Networks---Again
60(1)
New Player: Fox
60(1)
Networks Change Hands
60(1)
And Change Again
60(2)
Network Programming Strategies
62(1)
Television in Transition
62(1)
Radio in Transition
63(1)
Sorting It Out
63(2)
For Better or Worse?
64(1)
How Electronic Media Work
65(34)
Electromagnetism
66(1)
Radio Waves
66(1)
Frequency Spectrum
66(1)
Radio and Audio Waves
66(3)
Radio Frequencies and Channels
68(1)
Audio Waves
69(1)
Information, Formats, and Modulation
69(2)
Analog and Digital
69(1)
AM vs. FM
69(1)
Sidebands
70(1)
Bandwidth
71(1)
Multiplexing and Compression
71(1)
Wave Propagation
71(3)
Coverage Contours
71(1)
Direct Waves
72(1)
Ground Waves
72(1)
Sky Waves
73(1)
Antennas
73(1)
Directional Propagation
73(1)
Mutual Interference
74(1)
Co-Channel Stations
74(1)
Adjacent-Channel Stations
75(1)
AM Stations
75(2)
Band and Channels
75(1)
Channel and Station Classes
75(1)
Transmission
75(1)
AM Stereo
76(1)
Shortwave AM
76(1)
FM Stations
77(2)
Band and Channels
77(1)
Transmission
77(1)
Reception
78(1)
FM Stereo
78(1)
Subsidiary Communications Service (SCS)
78(1)
Digital Signal Processing
79(3)
Sampling
79(1)
Encoding
79(1)
Bit Speed
79(1)
Advantages
79(1)
Spectrum Disadvantages
79(2)
Compression
81(1)
Digital Audio Broadcasting
82(3)
DAB Spectrum Needs
82(1)
DAB Progress
82(1)
DAB Launches
82(1)
DAB Today
82(1)
How DAB Works
83(2)
Digital TV Begins
85(1)
America's Response
85(1)
Moving from NTSC to Digital
85(1)
Digital TV (ATSC) vs. Analog TV (NTSC)
86(6)
Camera Technology
86(1)
Scanning and Frame Frequency Standards
87(3)
TV Sound
90(1)
TV Color
91(1)
Channel Width and Resolution
92(1)
DTV Transmission
92(1)
Propagation
92(1)
DTV Reception
93(1)
Signal Interference
94(1)
Receiving Antennas
94(1)
Low Power TV (LPTV) and Translators
94(1)
Your TV Set
95(4)
Cathode Ray Tube Displays
95(1)
Liquid Crystal Displays
96(1)
Plasma Displays
96(1)
Digital Light Processing Displays
96(1)
Improvements in Display Technology
97(1)
Converging Display Technologies
97(2)
Distribution by Wired Relays, Wireless Relays, and over the Internet
99(22)
Wire Relays
100(1)
Fiber-Optic Cable
100(1)
Coaxial Cable
100(1)
Twisted Pair
100(1)
Cable and Telephone Distribution Networks
100(6)
System Designs
102(2)
System Advantages
104(1)
System Drawbacks
104(2)
Cable Set-Top Boxes and Interactive Services
106(1)
Wireless Relays
106(7)
Distribution by Microwave
106(2)
Distribution by Satellite
108(5)
Distribution by the Internet
113(6)
The World Wide Web
114(1)
Internet Transmission
114(2)
Domain Name System
116(1)
Internet Access
116(3)
Mobile DTV Services
119(1)
The Future
120(1)
Commercial Operations
121(29)
The Basics
122(1)
Broadcast Stations
122(3)
Station Functions
122(1)
Station Groups
123(1)
Competition Changes Everything
124(1)
Broadcast TV Networks
125(4)
The Affiliation Agreement
126(1)
Clearance
127(1)
Network Multicasting Opportunities
127(1)
Changing Network-Affiliate Relations
127(1)
Competition from Independents
128(1)
Network Regulation
129(1)
Cable
129(3)
Cable/Broadcast Comparison
129(1)
System Organization
129(2)
System Interconnection
131(1)
Multiple-System Operators (MSOs)
131(1)
Vertical Integration
131(1)
Enter the Telcos
131(1)
Cable Program Services
132(1)
Basic-Cable Networks
132(1)
Superstations
133(1)
Pay-Cable Networks
133(1)
Advertising Basics
133(8)
From Mass Media to Niche Media Thinking
134(1)
Types of Advertising
135(1)
Managing Spot Placement within Programs
136(1)
The Relationship between Commercials and Program Content
137(1)
The Art and Science of Pricing and Inventory Control
137(1)
Unit Pricing
138(1)
Alternative Ad Buys
139(1)
Product Placement as a New Business Model
139(1)
Advertising on the Internet
140(1)
Mobile Advertising
141(1)
Advertising Agencies
141(1)
Advertising Standards
141(2)
Government Regulation
141(1)
Program-Length Commercials
142(1)
Taboo Products
142(1)
Self-Regulation
142(1)
Unethical Practices
142(1)
Subscription-Fee Revenue
143(1)
Cable-Fee Regulation
143(1)
Cable Service Tiers
143(1)
Pay-per-View Programs
144(1)
Satellite-to-Home Services
144(1)
Personnel
144(4)
Employment Levels
144(1)
Salary Levels
144(1)
Diversity
145(1)
Labor Unions
146(1)
Job Opportunities
147(1)
Corporate Video
147(1)
The Cost of Doing Business
148(1)
Cutting Costs by Getting Bigger
148(1)
Bottom-Line Mentality
148(2)
Noncommercial Services
150(16)
From Educational Radio to ``Public'' Broadcasting
151(1)
AM Radio
151(1)
Reserved Channels
151(1)
ETV Constituency
152(1)
A New Beginning
152(1)
National Organizations
152(3)
Corporation for Public Broadcasting
152(1)
Public Broadcasting Service (PBS)
153(1)
PBS Operations
153(1)
Political Pressure
154(1)
Programming Services
155(1)
Public Stations
155(2)
Television
155(1)
Digital Opportunities
155(1)
Alternative Distribution of Programming
156(1)
Radio
156(1)
Economics
157(1)
Government Support
157(1)
Long-Range Funding
157(1)
Foundation Grants
157(1)
Corporate Underwriting
157(1)
Commercial Experiment
157(1)
Creeping Commercialism?
157(1)
Local Contributions
158(1)
TV Program Sources
158(2)
TV Network Business Model
158(1)
Stations as Network Producers
159(1)
Foreign Sources
159(1)
Independent and Syndicated Production
159(1)
Local Production
159(1)
Cable Alternatives
159(1)
DBS and the Internet
160(1)
Noncommercial TV Programs
160(3)
News and Public Affairs
160(1)
History
160(1)
Performing Arts
160(1)
Science and Nature
161(1)
Children
162(1)
Education and Instruction
162(1)
Noncommercial Radio Programs
163(1)
National Public Radio (NPR)
163(1)
Public Radio International (PRI)
163(1)
Formats
163(1)
Changing Roles
164(2)
Critical Views
165(1)
Outlook
165(1)
From ``Public'' Back to ``Educational''
165(1)
Programs and Programming Basics
166(32)
It's Always About the Bottom Line
167(6)
Audience Targeting and the Notion of the Niche
167(1)
Bigger Often Is Better
167(1)
The 80/20 Principle
168(1)
80/20 and the Psychology of Too Much Choice
169(1)
Taking Advantage of Economies of Scale
170(1)
The Zero Sum Market Phenomenon
170(1)
The Repeatability Factor
170(1)
The Art and Science of Scheduling
171(2)
Scripted vs. Unscripted/Live vs. Recorded
173(1)
Reaching Audiences Through Local, Syndicated, and Network Distribution Paths
173(9)
Local Programming
174(1)
Syndicated Programming
174(4)
Network Programming
178(1)
The Impact of Digital on Program Distribution
178(1)
Internet Distribution of Content
179(1)
Creating Entertainment Content for Distribution
179(1)
Creating News Content for Distribution
180(2)
Creating Sports Content for Distribution
182(1)
Types of Program Content
182(13)
Formats vs. Genres
183(1)
Situation Comedies
183(1)
Crime Dramas
184(1)
Medical Dramas
184(1)
Movies
184(1)
Music
184(2)
Variety
186(1)
Reality Programming
186(1)
Soap Operas
186(1)
Game Shows
187(1)
Magazine Shows
187(2)
Talk Shows
189(1)
Home Shopping and E-Commerce
189(1)
News and Information Programming
190(1)
Public Affairs Programs
191(1)
Sports Programming
192(1)
Children's Programming
193(1)
Children's Television Issues
193(1)
The Internet Factor
194(1)
Program Promotion and Brand Management
195(1)
Media Brand Management
196(1)
Programs and the Public Interest
196(2)
Popular Taste vs. Bad Taste
197(1)
Criticism Beyond Entertainment Content
197(1)
Challenges for the Future
197(1)
Audience Measurement
198(20)
Ratings Business
199(1)
Arbitron and Nielsen
199(1)
Local-Market Ratings
199(1)
Network Ratings
199(1)
Syndicated-Program Ratings
200(1)
Special Studies
200(1)
Collecting Data
200(5)
Diaries and Set Meters
200(1)
People Meters
201(1)
Portable People Meters
202(2)
Passive People Meters
204(1)
Coincidental Telephone Interviews
204(1)
Telephone Recall
205(1)
Personal Interviews
205(1)
Sampling
205(2)
Using Samples to Simplify
205(1)
Random Samples
205(1)
Selecting a Ratings Sample
205(1)
Sample Size
206(1)
Sources of Error
206(1)
Determining Ratings and Shares
207(3)
Defining Markets
207(1)
Households
207(1)
Ratings
207(1)
Shares
207(2)
Cumes
209(1)
Reporting Demographics
209(1)
Use and Abuse of Ratings
210(1)
Facing Complaints
210(1)
Reliability of Ratings
210(1)
Validity of Ratings
210(1)
Hyping and Tampering
210(1)
Qualitative Ratings
210(1)
Broadcast Audiences
211(2)
Set Penetration
211(1)
Set Use
211(1)
TV as Habit
211(1)
Impact of Remote Controls
211(1)
Time Spent
211(2)
Cable Audiences
213(1)
Cable Research
213(1)
Cable Ratings
213(1)
Uses of Cable
214(1)
Recording Devices
214(1)
DVR Research
214(1)
Measuring Internet Use
214(2)
Other Applied Research
216(2)
Focus Groups
216(1)
Program Analysis
216(1)
Theater vs. In-Home Testing
216(1)
Physiological Testing
217(1)
Audience Response
217(1)
Media Theory and Effects
218(16)
Conducting and Evaluating Media Effects Research
219(4)
What Do We Mean by ``Media''?
219(1)
What Do We Mean by ``Effects''?
220(1)
What Do We Mean by a ``Theory''?
221(1)
Testing Theories Using Research Methods
221(2)
Communication as a Process---A Simple Communication Model
223(1)
Early Research on Media Effects
223(1)
Selective Effects
224(1)
A Sampling of Media Effects Theories
224(4)
Cultivation Theory
224(2)
Social Learning Theory
226(1)
Spiral of Silence Theory
226(1)
Third Person Effect
227(1)
Agenda Setting
227(1)
The Active Audience Approach
228(3)
Uses and Gratifications
228(1)
Elaboration Likelihood Model (ELM)
229(1)
Brand Marketing Theory
230(1)
Technological Determinism
230(1)
The Effects of Media Violence: A Case Study
231(3)
Criticism of Media Violence Effects Research
232(1)
What Do We Mean by Violence?
232(1)
Using Different Theoretical Approaches
233(1)
Responding to Allegations of Media Effects
233(1)
The Communications Act, Licensing, and Structural Regulation
234(22)
Federal Jurisdiction
235(1)
Interstate vs. Intrastate Commerce
236(1)
Delegated Congressional Authority
236(1)
Communications Act
236(1)
Basic Provisions
236(1)
The Federal Communications Commission
237(1)
PICON Standard
237(1)
FCC Basics
237(4)
Budget and Organization
238(1)
Commissioners
238(1)
Staff Role
238(1)
Rule-Making Process
239(1)
Adjudication
239(1)
FCC Critique
240(1)
Broadcast Licensing
241(1)
Finding a Channel
241(1)
Application Filing Windows
241(1)
Construction Permit
241(1)
Licensee Qualifications
241(1)
Mutually Exclusive Applications
241(1)
Services Requiring No License
242(1)
Operations
242(1)
Employment Practices
242(1)
Public File
242(1)
Keeping up with Washington
243(1)
Monitoring Performance
243(1)
License Renewals and Transfers
243(1)
Application Routes
243(1)
License Transfers
243(1)
Enforcement
244(1)
Due Process
244(1)
FCC Hearings
244(1)
Court Appeals
244(1)
Loss of License
244(1)
Lesser Penalties
245(1)
Cable
245(3)
Cable Acts: General Provisions
245(2)
Cable Acts: Franchising
247(1)
Franchise Process
247(1)
Renewals
247(1)
Other Electronic Media
248(1)
Direct Broadcast Satellite and Satellite Radio
248(1)
Satellite Master Antenna Television Systems
248(1)
``Wireless'' Cable
248(1)
Telephone Companies
248(1)
Media Ownership Regulations
249(2)
Antitrust Law
249(1)
Multiple Ownership
249(1)
Duopoly
249(1)
Cable Systems
250(1)
Cross-Media Ties
250(1)
Minority Ownership
251(1)
Foreign Control
251(1)
Deregulation
251(2)
Theoretical Basis
252(1)
Deregulation in Practice
252(1)
Technical Standards
252(1)
Deregulation Critique
253(1)
Other Regulations
253(3)
Treaties
253(1)
Press Law
254(1)
Regulation of Advertising
254(1)
State and Local Laws
254(1)
Informal Controls
254(1)
Self-Regulation
255(1)
Consumer Action
255(1)
Press Criticism
255(1)
Constitutional Issues and Content Regulation
256(22)
First Amendment
257(1)
``No Such Thing as a False Idea''
257(1)
Government Censorship
257(1)
Prior Restraint
257(1)
Religious Freedom
258(1)
Broadcasting's Limited Rights
258(1)
Broadcasting vs. Print
258(1)
Channel Scarcity
258(1)
Conflict in Licensing
259(1)
Intrusiveness
259(1)
First Amendment Status of Other Electronic Media
259(1)
Things You Can't Say
260(2)
Libel: Protecting Reputations
260(1)
Preserving Privacy
260(1)
Restricting Court Coverage
261(1)
Broadcast Hoaxes
261(1)
Lotteries
262(1)
Obscenity and Indecency
262(5)
What Is Obscene?
263(1)
Limiting Indecency in Broadcasting
263(1)
Pacifica Decision
263(1)
Enforcement
264(1)
Regulating Profanity
264(1)
Regulating Indecency on Cable
265(1)
Indecency and Other Electronic Media
266(1)
Seeking a Balance
267(1)
Political Access
267(2)
Equal Opportunities
267(1)
Candidates in the News
267(1)
Buying Political Time
268(1)
Public Access
269(2)
Rise of the Fairness Doctrine
269(1)
End of the Doctrine
269(1)
A Right of Reply?
270(1)
Rights for Advertisers
270(1)
Editorial Discretion
271(1)
Localism
271(1)
Serving Children
271(2)
Licensee Duties
272(1)
Television Violence
272(1)
Copyright
273(2)
Basics
273(1)
Music Licensing
273(1)
Cable and Copyright
273(1)
Culture of Copying
273(1)
Protecting Digital Broadcast Content
274(1)
Copyright and the Internet
274(1)
Changing Perspectives
275(3)
A Global View
278(21)
Controlling Philosophies
279(1)
Authoritarian
279(1)
Libertarian
279(1)
Communist
279(1)
Social Responsibility
280(1)
Developmental
280(1)
Democratic-Participant
280(1)
Pluralistic Trend
280(2)
Three Examples of Pluralism: People's Republic of China, Mexico, and the United Kingdom
281(1)
Deregulation and Privatization
282(1)
Competition
282(1)
PTT Deregulation
283(1)
International Cooperation
283(1)
Competing Technical Standards
284(1)
Access
284(1)
Politicians
284(1)
Citizens
284(1)
Groups
284(1)
Economics and Geography
285(1)
Audience Size
285(1)
Revenue Sources
285(1)
Program Economics
285(1)
Coverage Problems
286(1)
Signal Spillover
286(1)
Programs
286(1)
News and Public Affairs
286(1)
Program Balance
286(1)
Schedules
287(1)
International Syndication
287(1)
Global Media
287(3)
Cultural Imperialism
289(1)
UNESCO's Role
289(1)
Transborder Communication
290(2)
Voice of America
290(1)
Radio Free Europe and Radio Liberty
291(1)
Radio/TV Marti
291(1)
Radio Free Asia
291(1)
Pirates
292(1)
International Distribution Technology
292(7)
International Telecommunications Satellite Organization
292(1)
Satellite Launching
293(1)
Direct Broadcast Satellite Service
293(1)
Radio by Satellite
293(1)
Cable
293(1)
Recording Devices
294(2)
Teletext and Videotex
296(1)
The Internet
297(1)
Conclusion: Converging Communications and Converging Cultures
298(1)
Bibliography 299(6)
Glossary 305(14)
Index 319
Michael A. McGregor, Paul D. Driscoll, Walter, McDowell