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El. knyga: Heart in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases

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Edited by , Edited by (Full Professor and Head of Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy), Edited by , Edited by (Professor of Rheumatology and Head of the Unit of Connective Tissue Disease and Rare Rheumatic Diseases, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Med)
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The Heart in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases, Second Editionprovides an overview on our current understanding of major complications relating to the heart and autoimmune diseases. It includes the latest information on the new pathogenetic mechanisms involved, along with clinical manifestations of these important comortbidities.

Mortality in autoimmune diseases, in particular, rheumatoid arthritis and SLE, has increased when compared with the general population. This excess mortality is largely due to cardiovascular diseases (CVDs)—particularly those of atherosclerotic origin, such as ischemic heart disease—and is gaining recognition in all branches of medicine, from cardiology, to internal medicine, and from rheumatologists to orthopedics.

  • Presents an impressive body of well ordered information on the topic of cardiovascular diseases and their relationship to autoimmune illness
  • Highlightes key references
  • Summarizes the experience of a selected panel of distinguished physician-scientists who are actively involved in the field of cardiovascular disease and systemic autoimmunity

Daugiau informacijos

Completely revised volume that represents the state-of-the-art in the field of cardiovascular disease and autoimmune rheumatic diseases
List of Contributors
xix
Preface xxiii
1 Cellular Immunity: A Role for Cytokines
D. Lisa Fairweather
M. Afanasyeva
N.R. Rose
F. Caso
R. Talotta
F. Atzeni
1 Introduction
1(30)
2 Autoimmunity in Myocarditis
3(2)
3 Pathogenesis: The Role of Cells and Cytokines
5(26)
3.1 Viral Mouse Model
6(1)
3.2 Cardiac Myosin Mouse Model
7(1)
3.3 Role of Cells
8(5)
3.4 Role of Cytokines
13(9)
3.5 Summary of Pathogenic Mechanisms
22(1)
References
23(6)
Further Reading
29(2)
2 Organ-Specific Autoimmunity Involvement in Cardiovascular Disease
A.L.P. Caforio
G. Malipiero
R. Marcolongo
S. Iliceto
1 Introduction
31(2)
2 Post-Myocardial Infarction (Dressler) Syndrome
33(1)
2.1 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies
33(1)
3 Post-Pericardiotomy Syndrome and Idiopathic Recurrent Acute Pericarditis
34(5)
3.1 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies
39(1)
4 Rheumatic Carditis
39(4)
4.1 Immune Pathogenesis of Rheumatic Carditis
40(3)
5 Dilated Cardiomyopathy and Myocarditis
43(11)
5.1 Immune Pathogenesis of Myocarditis and Dilated Cardiomyopathy
44(1)
5.2 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies by s-I IFL
44(2)
5.3 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies by s-I IFL: Technical Considerations and Proposed Nomenclature
46(1)
5.4 Autoantibodies to Myosin Heavy Chain and Other Autoantigens by Immunoblotting Techniques
47(1)
5.5 Autoantibodies to Sarcolemmal Na-K-ATPase
48(1)
5.6 Autoantibodies to Mitochondrial and to Extracellular Matrix Antigens
48(1)
5.7 Blocking and Stimulating Autoantibodies to β-Adrenergic Receptors
49(1)
5.8 Autoantibodies to M2-Muscarinic Receptors
50(1)
5.9 Cardiac-Specific Antibodies in Myocarditis/DCM: Clinical Correlates and Potential Functional Role
50(4)
6 Idiopathic Tachy and Bradyarrhythmias
54(1)
6.1 Cardiac Conducting Tissue Antibodies
54(1)
6.2 Stimulating Autoantibodies to β-Adrenergic Receptors
55(1)
7 Systemic Arterial Hypertension
55(9)
7.1 Anti-Heart Autoantibodies by s-I IFL
55(1)
7.2 Stimulating Autoantibodies to α1-Adrenergic Receptors
55(1)
7.3 Stimulating Autoantibodies to the Angiotensin Receptor
56(1)
References
57(7)
3 Neonatal Lupus Syndromes: Pathogenesis and Clinical Features
A. Brucato
R. Clancy
J.P. Buyon
M. Meroni
1 Introduction
64(1)
2 Epidemiology and Definition of Congenital Complete AVB
64(1)
3 Etiology/Pathogenesis
65(5)
3.1 Myocarditis
65(1)
3.2 Arrhythmogenesis and Electrophysiological Effects
65(1)
3.3 Apoptosis, TGFbeta, TLR, and the Road to Scar
66(2)
3.4 Genetics
68(1)
3.5 Evaluation of the Fine Specificities of the Maternal Autoantibody Profile
69(1)
3.6 Other Pathogenetic Mechanisms
69(1)
4 Risk of Delivering a Child With Complete CHB
70(1)
5 Clinical Manifestations
71(5)
5.1 Cardiac Manifestations
71(3)
5.2 Non-Cardiac Manifestations
74(2)
6 Treatment
76(4)
6.1 Fluorinated Corticosteroids
76(2)
6.2 Other Possible Therapies
78(1)
6.3 Postnatal Treatment
79(1)
7 Obstetric Management of Pregnancies at Risk of Developing CCHB
80(1)
8 Prognosis
80(1)
8.1 Infants
80(1)
8.2 Maternal
80(1)
9 Other Pregnancy Outcomes in Women With Anti-Ro/SSA Antibodies
81(1)
10 Anti-Ro/SSA Negative CHB
81(8)
Acknowledgment
81(1)
References
81(8)
4 Subclinical Cardiovascular Damage in Systemic Rheumatic Diseases
C. Nardin
M. Rattazzi
P. Pauletto
1 Introduction
89(1)
2 Epidemiology and Role of Traditional Risk Factors
90(7)
2.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
90(2)
2.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
92(2)
2.3 Psoriatic Arthritis
94(1)
2.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis
95(1)
2.5 Systemic Sclerosis
96(1)
3 Subclinical Atherosclerosis
97(7)
3.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
98(2)
3.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
100(1)
3.3 Psoriatic Arthritis
101(1)
3.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis
102(1)
3.5 Systemic Sclerosis
103(1)
4 Cardiovascular Effects of Pharmacological Treatments
104(19)
4.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
104(4)
4.2 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
108(2)
4.3 Psoriatic Arthritis
110(1)
4.4 Ankylosing Spondylitis
111(1)
4.5 Systemic Sclerosis
112(1)
References
112(11)
5 Atherosclerosis and Autoimmunity
C. Perricone
F.R. Spinelli
Y. Shoenfeld
1 Introduction
123(2)
2 Prevalence and Epidemiology
125(1)
3 Pathogenesis
126(13)
3.1 Genetic Background
126(1)
3.2 Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerotic Plaque Formation
127(2)
3.3 Autoantigens and Autoantibodies in Atherosclerosis
129(1)
3.4 Cellular Mechanisms
129(1)
3.5 The Role of β2GPI
130(2)
3.6 Anticardiolipin Antibodies
132(1)
3.7 Anti-oxLDL Antibodies
132(1)
3.8 Anti-apoA-1 Antibodies
133(1)
3.9 Inflammatory Chemokines and Cytokines in Autoimmune Atherosclerosis
133(1)
3.10 Heat-Shock Proteins as Autoantigens in Atherosclerosis
134(1)
3.11 Other Factors: Vitamin D and Obesity
135(1)
3.12 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Atherosclerosis
136(1)
3.13 Rheumatoid Arthritis and Atherosclerosis
137(2)
4 Clinical Manifestations
139(1)
5 Diagnostic Investigations
140(1)
6 Treatment
141(14)
References
143(12)
6 Inflammasomes and Inflammatory Cytokines in Early Atherosclerosis
E. Matsuura
X.W. Tan
L.H. Shen
N.U. Azmi
L.R. Lopez
1 Introduction
155(1)
2 Lipid Dysregulation in Autoimmunity
156(1)
3 Innate Immunity and Inflammatory Signaling Mechanisms
157(3)
4 Inflammasomes and IL-1β in Atherogenesis
160(3)
5 B2-Glycoprotein I in Atherogenic Innate Immunity
163(1)
6 Summary and Conclusions
164(5)
Acknowledgments
165(1)
References
165(4)
7 Treatment of Lipid Metabolism Disturbances in Autoimmune Diseases
N. Ronda
P.L. Meroni
1 Introduction
169(2)
2 Lipid Metabolism Disturbances Relevant for Atherosclerosis and Cardiovascular Risk in Autoimmune Diseases
171(1)
3 Serum Lipid Level Control in Autoimmune Diseases
172(5)
3.1 Diet and Nutraceuticals
172(1)
3.2 Total Cholesterol- and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Statins
173(3)
3.3 Total Cholesterol- and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs: Fibrates
176(1)
3.4 High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Increasing Drugs
177(1)
4 Lipoprotein Function Modulation in Autoimmune Diseases
177(6)
References
178(5)
8 Cardiac Imaging Techniques in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases
M. Turiel
L. Gianturco
F. Atzeni
P. Sarzi-Puttini
M. Porcu
M. Corda
1 Introduction
183(2)
2 Transthoracic Echocardiography
185(2)
3 Transesophageal Echocardiography
187(1)
4 Stress Echocardiography
188(4)
5 Tissue Doppler Imaging
192(1)
6 Speckle Tracking Echocardiography
193(2)
7 Myocardial Contrast Echocardiography
195(1)
8 Usefulness of Biomarkers of Endothelial Dysfunction
195(1)
9 Carotid Ultrasonography
196(3)
9.1 Carotid Atherosclerosis
196(3)
10 Conclusion
199(10)
References
199(6)
Further Reading
205(4)
9 New Cardiac Imaging Tools and Invasive Techniques in Systemic Autoimmune Diseases (Part II)
M. Corda
M. Porcu
F. Atzeni
L. Gianturco
P. Sarzi-Puttini
M. Turiel
1 Introduction
209(1)
2 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
210(4)
2.1 Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging Techniques
210(1)
2.2 Clinical Role and Indications for Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging
211(3)
3 Computed Tomography
214(4)
3.1 Coronary Calcium Scoring
215(1)
3.2 Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography
215(1)
3.3 Pericardial Disease
216(2)
4 Right Heart Catheterization
218(2)
5 Endomyocardial Biopsy
220(2)
5.1 Biopsy Technique
220(1)
5.2 Complications
221(1)
6 Conclusion
222(5)
Acknowledgment
222(1)
References
222(5)
10 Cardiac Diseases in Rheumatoid Arthritis
R. Agca
M. Heslinga
M. Nurmohamed
1 Introduction
227(4)
1.1 Rheumatoid Arthritis
227(1)
1.2 Mortality in Rheumatoid Arthritis
228(3)
2 Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
231(14)
2.1 Introduction
231(1)
2.2 Epidemiology
231(1)
2.3 Etiology of Ischaemic Heart Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
232(5)
2.4 Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease in Rheumatoid Arthritis
237(2)
2.5 Cardiovascular Risk Assessment in Rheumatoid Arthritis
239(2)
2.6 Treatment
241(4)
3 Nonatherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
245(5)
3.1 Pericardial Disease
246(3)
3.2 Endocardial Involvement in Rheumatoid Arthritis
249(1)
3.3 Myocardial Involvement and Conduction System Abnormalities in Rheumatoid Arthritis
250(1)
4 Conclusion
250(15)
References
250(15)
11 Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
L. Iaccarino
M. Gatto
M. Zen
A. Doria
1 Introduction
265(1)
2 Pericardial Involvement
266(4)
2.1 Prevalence
266(1)
2.2 Histopathologic Findings/Pathogenesis
266(1)
2.3 Clinical Features
267(2)
2.4 Diagnostic Investigations
269(1)
2.5 Treatment
269(1)
3 Myocardial Involvement
270(2)
3.1 Prevalence
270(1)
3.2 Histopathologic Findings/Pathogenesis
270(1)
3.3 Clinical Features and Outcome
271(1)
3.4 Diagnostic Investigations
271(1)
3.5 Treatment
272(1)
4 Valvular Involvement
272(4)
4.1 Prevalence
272(1)
4.2 Histopathologic Findings/Pathogenesis
273(1)
4.3 Clinical Features
274(1)
4.4 Diagnostic Investigations
275(1)
4.5 Treatment
275(1)
5 Coronary Artery Involvement
276(5)
5.1 Prevalence and Risk Estimation
276(1)
5.2 Histopathology/Pathogenesis
277(1)
5.3 Clinical Features and Outcome
278(1)
5.4 Outcome
278(1)
5.5 Traditional and Nontraditional Risk Factors for Premature Atherosclerosis in SLE Patients
278(2)
5.6 Diagnostic Investigations
280(1)
5.7 Prevention and Treatment of CAD in SLE Patients
280(1)
6 Conduction Tissue Involvement
281(1)
6.1 Prevalence
281(1)
6.2 Histopathology/Pathogenesis
281(1)
6.3 Clinical Findings
282(1)
6.4 Diagnostic Investigations
282(1)
6.5 Treatment
282(1)
7 Conclusions
282(13)
References
283(12)
12 Cardiac Involvement in the Antiphospholipid Syndrome
I. Rodriguez-Pinto
G. Espinosa
R. Cervera
1 Introduction
295(1)
2 Epidemiology
296(6)
2.1 Valve Disease and Libman-Sacks
296(5)
2.2 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
301(1)
2.3 Nonischemic Ventricular Dysfunction
301(1)
2.4 Intracardiac Thrombus
302(1)
3 Pathophysiology
302(3)
3.1 Valve Disease and Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
302(1)
3.2 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
303(1)
3.3 Nonischemic Ventricular Dysfunction
304(1)
3.4 Intracardiac Thrombus
305(1)
4 Clinical Manifestations
305(2)
4.1 Valve Disease
305(1)
4.2 Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
306(1)
4.3 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
306(1)
4.4 Nonischemic Ventricular Dysfunction
306(1)
4.5 Intracardiac Thrombus
307(1)
5 Diagnostic Procedures
307(3)
5.1 Valve Disease and Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
307(1)
5.2 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
308(1)
5.3 Nonischemic Ventricular Dysfunction
308(1)
5.4 Intracardiac Thrombus
309(1)
6 Differential Diagnosis
310(3)
6.1 Valve Disease and Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
310(1)
6.2 Valve Heart Disease
310(1)
6.3 Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
310(2)
6.4 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
312(1)
6.5 Nonischemic Ventricular Dysfunction
312(1)
6.6 Intracardiac Thrombus
313(1)
7 Treatment
313(2)
7.1 Valve Disease and Libman-Sacks Endocarditis
313(1)
7.2 Ischemic Cardiomyopathy
314(1)
7.3 Nonischemic Ventricular Dysfunction
314(1)
7.4 Intracardiac Thrombus
314(1)
8 Final Remarks
315(8)
References
315(8)
13 Cardiac Involvement in Scleroderma
J.G. Coghlan
C.P. Denton
1 Introduction
323(1)
2 Evidence for and Prognostic Impact of Clinical Cardiac Involvement
324(1)
3 Prevalence of Subclinical Cardiac Involvement
324(1)
4 Ischemic Heart Disease
325(2)
5 Myocarditis
327(1)
6 Hypertension
328(1)
7 Arrhythmias
328(1)
8 The Future
329(6)
References
329(4)
Further Reading
333(2)
14 Cardiac Involvement in Systemic Vasculitis
M. Sebastiani
A. Manfredi
C. Ferri
1 Introduction
335(2)
2 Pathogenesis of Vasculitides
337(2)
2.1 Immune Complexes
337(1)
2.2 Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibodies
337(1)
2.3 Cytokines and Adhesion Molecules
338(1)
2.4 Other Pathogenic Factors
339(1)
3 Cardiovascular Clinical Manifestations in Vasculitides
339(18)
3.1 Main Cardiovascular Manifestations
339(6)
3.2 Large Vessel Vasculitides
345(2)
3.3 Medium-Sized Vessel Vasculitides
347(2)
3.4 Small Vessel Vasculitides
349(5)
3.5 Other Vasculitic Diseases
354(2)
3.6 Hypersensitivity Myocarditis
356(1)
4 Evolution and Prognostic Factors
357(1)
5 Treatment
357(8)
5.1 Large Vessel Vasculitides
358(2)
5.2 Medium-Sized and Small Vessel Vasculitides
360(4)
5.3 Other Vasculitides
364(1)
6 Conclusions
365(19)
References
365(11)
Further Reading
376(8)
15 Cardiovascular Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
I. Sari
N. Haroon
1 Introduction
384(1)
2 Cardiovascular Mortality in Ankylosing Spondylitis
384(3)
3 Vascular Morbidity in Ankylosing Spondylitis
387(1)
4 Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Ankylosing Spondylitis
388(3)
5 Aortic Disease in Ankylosing Spondylitis
391(4)
6 Mitral Valve Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
395(1)
7 Conduction Abnormalities in Ankylosing Spondylitis
396(4)
8 Myocardium and Pericardium in Ankylosing Spondylitis
400(1)
9 Subclinical Vascular Involvement in Ankylosing Spondylitis
400(1)
10 Treatment and Its Implications in Atherosclerosis in Ankylosing Spondylitis
401(2)
11 Conclusions
403(7)
References
403(5)
Further Reading
408(2)
16 Cardiovascular Involvement in Psoriatic Arthritis
F. Atzeni
F. Caso
I.F. Masala
P. Sarzi-Puttini
1 Introduction
410(1)
2 Epidemiology
410(2)
3 Etiology/Pathogenesis
412(2)
4 Clinical Manifestations
414(1)
5 Diagnostic Investigations
415(3)
5.1 Echocardiography
415(1)
5.2 Coronary Flow Reserve
416(1)
5.3 Intima-Media Thickness
417(1)
5.4 Laboratory Investigations
417(1)
5.5 Plasma Asymmetric Dimethylarginine
418(1)
6 Treatment
418(9)
References
420(7)
17 Cardiovascular Involvement in Primary Sjogren's Syndrome
P. Brito-Zeron
M. Perez-de-Lis
I. Sanchez Berna
R. Perez-Alvarez
A. Siso-Almirall
M. Ramos-Casals
1 Introduction
427(1)
2 Raynaud Phenomenon
427(1)
3 Cardiovascular Disease
428(3)
3.1 Cardiovascular Risk Factors
428(1)
3.2 Subclinical Cardiovascular Disease
429(1)
3.3 Cardiovascular Events and Mortality
429(2)
4 Autonomic Cardiovascular Features
431(1)
5 Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
432(1)
6 Arrhythmias
433(1)
6.1 Ro-Associated Congenital Heart Block
433(1)
6.2 Ro-Associated Arrhythmias in Adults
434(1)
7 Pericarditis
434(3)
8 Myocarditis
437(6)
References
437(6)
18 Gout and Heart Disease: A Two-Way Street?
M. Heslinga
M. Nurmohamed
M. Gerritsen
1 Introduction
443(1)
2 Gout---Overview
444(3)
3 Cardiovascular Disease
447(2)
3.1 Gout and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
447(1)
3.2 Gout and Nonatherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
448(1)
4 Gout and Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors
449(1)
4.1 Hypertension
449(1)
4.2 Metabolic Syndrome and Diabetes Mellitus
450(1)
4.3 Chronic Kidney Disease
450(1)
5 Etiology and Pathogenesis
450(2)
5.1 Uric Acid
450(1)
5.2 Chronic Inflammation
451(1)
5.3 Xanthine Oxidase
452(1)
6 Diagnostic Interventions
452(1)
6.1 Estimation of Cardiovascular Risk in Gout Patients
452(1)
6.2 Diagnosis of Cardiovascular Disease
452(1)
7 Treatment
453(1)
7.1 Acute Gouty Arthritis
453(1)
7.2 Chronic (Tophaceous) Gout
453(1)
7.3 Cardiovascular Effects of Urate-Lowering Therapy
453(1)
7.4 Treatment of Traditional Cardiovascular Risk Factors
454(1)
8 Future Perspectives
454(1)
9 Conclusion
455(6)
References
455(6)
19 Heart Involvement in Osteoarthritis
A. Courties
J. Sellam
1 Introduction
461(1)
2 Prerequisites: Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis
462(1)
3 Epidemiologic Data: Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases, Two Endemic Diseases
463(1)
4 Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: Shared Risk Factors
463(8)
4.1 Nonmodifiable Risk Factors
463(2)
4.2 Modifiable Risk Factors
465(6)
5 Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: Direct Link Beyond CV Risk Factors
471(1)
6 Association Between Osteoarthritis and Cardiovascular Diseases: an Epiphenomenon?
471(1)
7 New Perspectives: The Role of Microbiota
472(1)
8 Conclusions
473(16)
References
474(15)
20 Cardiac Effects of Antirheumatic Drugs
Z. Szekanecz
1 Introduction
489(1)
2 Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Syndrome
490(17)
2.1 Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs
490(3)
2.2 Corticosteroids
493(2)
2.3 Traditional Disease-Modifying Drugs
495(2)
2.4 Targeted Therapies
497(10)
3 Other Heart Diseases
507(2)
3.1 Infusion Reactions
507(1)
3.2 Hypertension and Renal Disease
507(1)
3.3 Arrhythmias
508(1)
3.4 Left Ventricular Dysfunction and Congestive Heart Failure
508(1)
4 Recommendations for Cardiovascular Risk Management in Arthritides
509(1)
5 Conclusions
510(21)
References
511(20)
Index 531
Fabiola Atzeni, MD, PhD is currently Full Professor and Head of the Rheumatology Unit, University of Messina, Messina, Italy. Her clinical and research interest lies in immunotherapies in autoimmune diseases with particular focus on the investigation and management of differential response to biological therapies in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and Spondyloarthritis (SpA), and cardiovascular aspects of the different rheumatic diseases with particular emphasis on arteriosclerosis. Dr. Atzeni has co-authored over 400 publications in peer-reviewed journals and several book chapters, is a regular reviewer for several international journals. She is involved in several international and national meetings focused on cardiovascular and infection aspects. Professor Doria received his medical degree and qualification in Rheumatology from the University of Padua. He was Council member of Italian College of Rheumatology (CRO) between 1999 and 2005 and a Council member of Italian Society of Rheumatology (SIR) from 2007 to 2010 and from 2013 up to now. He is also a member of American College of Rheumatology (ACR).

Professor Doria has organised over ten international conferences on autoimmunity and was involved as expert” in the EUropean League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Standing Committee for the development of clinical and therapeutic recommendations: (1) EULAR recommendations for the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)Assessment of the SLE patient (20082009); (2) EULAR recommendations for the management of SLE Part IINeuropsychiatric disease (20082009); (3) Joint EULAR and European Renal Association-European Dialysis and Transplant Association (EULAR/ERA-EDTA) recommendations for the management of adult and paediatric lupus nephritis (2012). Professor Doria is a member of the Lupus Academy Steering Committee co-Chaired the 4th Annual Meeting held in Rome 27th February to 1st March 2015. He will also chair the 10th European Lupus Meeting which will be held in Venice (Italy) 58 October 2016. Professor Doria is on the Editorial Boards of several rheumatology and immunology journals, including Lupus, Autoimmunity, Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology, Autoimmunity Reviews, Journal of Autoimmunity, Experimental Biology and Medicine, Rheumatology Reports, Journal Autoimmunity Highlights and Reumatismo (the official journal of Italian Society of Rheumatology).

He has authored over 250 ISI publications on SLE and other connective tissue diseases. These include clinical studies describing new manifestations or subgroup of autoimmune disorders, prognostic risk factors, diagnostic tests and therapeutic interventions as well as immunochemical studies that evaluate autoantibodies, epitopes and complementary epitopes of autoantigens. In addition, he has authored and co-authored three books, over 90 book chapters and conference proceedings, and over 500 abstracts to national and international conferences.

Professor Doria has a long-standing experience in clinical management of connective tissue disease patients. The Unit in which he works is a 3rd referral rheumatology centre, within Italy, for the diagnosis and management of patients affected with systemic connective diseases. In addition, he has expertise in the management and follow-up of pregnant patients with systemic rheumatic diseases. Professor Doria has also trained over 30 students in Rheumatology.

Michael Nurmohamed is Rheumatologist and professor of Rheumatology at the VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. His chair has a focus on cardiovascular comorbidities in rheumatic diseases/vascular rheumatology. Furthermore, he is the Head of Rheumatology Research Dept. of Reade where he also works as Rheumatologist and Clinical Research Scientist since 2000. Dr. Nurmohamed has (co)authored over 200 publications in peer-reviewed journals and several book chapters, is a regular reviewer for several international journals and an editorial board member of Annals of Rheumatic Diseases , Arthritis Research Therapy, Journal of Rheumatology and PlosOne. He serves on several (international) boards of cardiovascular scientific societies.
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