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El. knyga: Heliophysics: Space Storms and Radiation: Causes and Effects

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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Serija: Heliophysics 3 Volume Set
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-May-2010
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781107085374
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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Serija: Heliophysics 3 Volume Set
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-May-2010
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781107085374
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"Heliophysics is a fast-developing scientific discipline that integrates studies of the Sun's variability, the surrounding heliosphere, and the environment and climate of planets. The Sun is a magnetically variable star and, for planets with intrinsic magnetic fields, planets with atmospheres, or planets like Earth with both, there are profound consequences. This volume, the second in a series of three heliophysics texts, integrates the many aspects of space storms and the energetic radiation associated with them - from causes on the Sun to effects in planetary environments. It reviews the physical processes in solar flares and coronal mass ejections, interplanetary shocks, and particle acceleration and transport, and considers many space weather responses in geospace. In addition to its utility as a textbook, it also constitutes a foundational reference for researchers in fields from heliophysics to climate science. Additional online resources, including lecture presentations and other teaching materials, are available at www.cambridge.org/9780521760515"--Provided by publisher.

"Over the past few centuries, our awareness of the couplings between the Sun's variability and the Earth's environment, and perhaps even its climate, has been advancing at an ever increasing rate. The Sun is a magnetically variable star and for planets with intrinsic magnetic fields, planets with atmospheres, or planets like Earth with both, there are profound consequences and impacts. Today, the successful increase in knowledge of the workings of the Sun's magnetic activity, the recognition of the many physical processes that couple the realm of the Sun to our galaxy, and the insights into the interaction of the solar wind and radiation with the Earth's magnetic field, atmosphere and climate system have tended to differentiate and insularize the solar heliospheric and geo-space sub-disciplines of the physics of the local cosmos"--Provided by publisher.

Heliophysics is a fast-developing scientific discipline that integrates studies of the Sun's variability, the surrounding heliosphere, and the environment and climate of planets. Over the past few centuries, our understanding of how the Sun drives space weather and climate on the Earth and other planets has advanced at an ever increasing rate. The Sun is a magnetically variable star and, for planets with intrinsic magnetic fields, planets with atmospheres, or planets like Earth with both, there are profound consequences.

This volume, the second in a series of three heliophysics texts, integrates the many aspects of space storms and the energetic radiation associated with them -from their causes on the Sun to their effects in planetary environments. It reviews the physical processes in solar flares and coronal mass ejections, interplanetary shocks, and particle acceleration and transport, and considers many of the space weather responses in geospace. Historical space weather observations, in-situ particle measurement techniques, radiative emissions from energetic particles, and impacts of space weather on people and technology in space are also reviewed. In addition to its utility as a textbook, it constitutes a foundational reference for researchers in the fields of heliophysics, astrophysics, plasma physics, space physics, solar physics, aeronomy, space weather, planetary science, and climate science. Additional online resources, including lecture presentations and other teaching materials, can be accessed atwww.cambridge.org/9780521760515.

Recenzijos

"The 14-chapter, comprehensive, multiauthored volume provides insightful introductions to space storms and radiation; energetic particle transport and detection; solar eruptions; flares, jets and coronal mass ejections; shocks; trapped particles; and near-Earth space environment responses." T. Eastman, formerly, University of Maryland "...provides insightful introductions to space storms and radiation; energetic particle transport and detection; solar eruptions, flares, jets, and coronal mass ejections; shocks; trapped particles; and near-Earth space environment responses." CHOICE The book gives a very detailed insight into the various fields within heliophysics, both with respect to past and recent findings and the ongoing research, its methods and tools. It is very well illustrated by numerous black and white figures and a number of colour figuresIts understanding does not require high-level mathematics, but a solid knowledge of physics. The quality of the print, the paper and the book as a whole is excellent and it can be recommended without hesitation. Manuel Vogel, Contemporary Physics, November 2011

Daugiau informacijos

The second in this series of three heliophysics texts, integrating the many aspects of space storms and their energetic radiation.
Preface ix
1 Perspective on heliophysics 1(14)
George L. Siscoe
Carolus J. Schrifver
1.1 Universal processes: "laws" of space weather
1(1)
1.2 Pressure, gravity, and electromagnetism
2(3)
1.3 Structure and dynamics of the local cosmos
5(3)
1.4 Energetic particles
8(1)
1.5 Weather and climate in space
9(3)
1.6 Universal processes in the local cosmos and instrumentation
12(3)
2 Introduction to space storms and radiation 15(28)
Sten Odenwald
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Uncovering the Sun–Earth connection
16(1)
2.3 Human impacts of space weather
17(8)
2.4 Impacts of solar flares
25(3)
2.5 The satellite era
28(7)
2.6 How bad can it get?
35(3)
2.7 Outside the box
38(1)
2.8 Space weather awareness
38(2)
2.9 Space weather forecasting
40(3)
3 In-situ detection of energetic particles 43(36)
George Gloeckler
3.1 Introduction
43(3)
3.2 What needs to be measured and how it is measured?
46(1)
3.3 Geometrical factor of detectors
47(1)
3.4 Energy loss of energetic particles by ionization
48(4)
3.5 Simple particle detectors
52(10)
3.6 Energy analyzers
62(4)
3.7 Time-of-flight telescopes
66(1)
3.8 Space instruments measuring composition
67(12)
4 Radiative signatures of energetic particles 79(44)
Tim Bastian
4.1 Overview of the electromagnetic spectrum
79(8)
4.2 Preliminaries
87(6)
4.3 Radiation from energetic particles
93(23)
4.4 New observations, new questions
116(7)
5 Observations of solar and stellar eruptions, flares, and jets 123(36)
Hugh Hudson
5.1 Introduction
123(2)
5.2 Overview of flare properties
125(6)
5.3 The basic phenomena of a solar flare
131(11)
5.4 Flare energetics
142(2)
5.5 Flare analogs
144(7)
5.6 Observational aspects of magnetic reconnection
151(6)
5.7 Conclusions
157(2)
6 Models of coronal mass ejections and flares 159(34)
Terry Forbes
6.1 Recapitulation of key observational features
159(10)
6.2 Models
169(22)
6.3 Some topics for future research
191(2)
7 Shocks in hellophysics 193(16)
Merav Opher
7.1 Introduction
193(3)
7.2 Why shocks happen: non-linear steepening and shocks
196(2)
7.3 Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions
198(2)
7.4 Definition and classification of shocks
200(6)
7.5 Physical processes in shocks and future work
206(3)
8 Particle acceleration in shocks 209(24)
Dietmar Krauss-Varban
8.1 Introduction
209(1)
8.2 Types of shocks and plasma parameters
210(2)
8.3 Kinetic shock physics
212(4)
8.4 Particle acceleration mechanisms at shocks
216(7)
8.5 Particle acceleration at the Earth's bow shock and at interplanetary shocks
223(7)
8.6 Summary
230(3)
9 Energetic particle transport 233(30)
Joe Giacalone
9.1 Cosmic rays in the solar system
233(6)
9.2 The motion of individual charged particles
239(6)
9.3 The cosmic-ray transport equation
245(8)
9.4 The diffusion tensor
253(3)
9.5 Some representative applications
256(7)
10 Energy conversion in planetary magnetospheres 263(30)
Vytenis Vasyliunas
10.1 Introduction
263(1)
10.2 Overview of disturbances in Earth's space environment
263(4)
10.3 Fundamentals of energy storage, transfer, and loss
267(6)
10.4 Energy budget of magnetospheres
273(10)
10.5 What leads to explosive energy releases?
283(3)
10.6 Applications: Earth
286(3)
10.7 Applications: other planets
289(2)
10.8 Concluding remarks
291(2)
11 Energization of trapped particles 293(28)
Janet Green
11.1 Heliophysical particles: universal processes and problems
293(3)
11.2 Particle motion
296(6)
11.3 General characteristics of heliospheric particle radiation
302(3)
11.4 Radiation belt acceleration mechanisms
305(10)
11.5 Radiation belt particle losses
315(6)
12 Flares, coronal mass ejections, and atmospheric responses 321(38)
Timothy Fuller-Rowell
Stanley C. Solomon
12.1 Introduction
321(2)
12.2 ITM responses to geomagnetic storms
323(23)
12.3 ITM responses to solar flares
346(10)
12.4 Conclusions
356(3)
13 Energetic particles and manned spaceflight 359(22)
Stephen Guetersloh
Neal Zapp
13.1 Radiation protection: introduction
359(4)
13.2 Sources of radiation exposure during spaceflight
363(3)
13.3 Spaceflight operations
366(2)
13.4 The Constellation Program
368(4)
13.5 Environmental characterization
372(6)
13.6 Summary
378(3)
14 Energetic particles and technology 381(20)
Alan Tribble
14.1 Introduction
381(1)
14.2 Overview of space environment effects
381(4)
14.3 Effects of keV energy particles: spacecraft charging
385(6)
14.4 Effects of MeV energy particles: total-dose effects
391(3)
14.5 Effects of GeV energy particles: single-event effects
394(4)
14.6 Modeling the GCR/SPE environment
398(3)
Appendix I Authors and editors 401(2)
List of illustrations 403(7)
List of tables 410(1)
References 411(30)
Index 441
Carolus J. Schrijver is an astrophysicist studying the causes and effects of magnetic activity of the Sun and of stars like the Sun, and the coupling of the Sun's magnetic field into the surrounding heliosphere. He obtained his doctorate in physics and astronomy at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands in 1986, and has since worked for the University of Colorado, the U.S. National Solar Observatory, the European Space Agency, and the Royal Academy of Sciences of the Netherlands. Dr Schrijver is currently principal physicist at Lockheed Martin's Advanced Technology Center, where his work focuses primarily on the magnetic field in the solar atmosphere. He is an editor or editorial board member of several journals including Solar Physics, Astronomical Notices, and Living Reviews in Solar Physics, and has co-edited three other books. George L. Siscoe received his Ph.D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) in 1964. He has since held positions at the California Institute of Technology, MIT, and the University of California, Los Angeles, where he was Professor and Chair of the Department of Atmospheric Sciences. He is currently a Research Professor in the Astronomy Department at Boston University. Professor Siscoe has been a member and chair of numerous international committees and panels and is on the editorial board of the Journal of Atmospheric and Solar Terrestrial Physics. He is a Fellow of the American Geophysical Union and the second Van Allen Lecturer of the AGU, 1991. He has authored or co-authored over 300 publications that cover most areas of heliophysics.