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PART I Basic Hematology Principles |
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1 | (64) |
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Chapter 1 Introduction to Hematology and Basic Laboratory Practice |
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3 | (12) |
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Introduction to Hematology |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (2) |
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Significant Parts of the Microscope |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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Corrective Actions in Light Microscopy |
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6 | (1) |
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Innovations in Microscopy |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (2) |
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Personal Protective Equipment |
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6 | (1) |
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Safety Practices Other Than Personal Protective Equipment |
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7 | (1) |
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Chemical and Environmental Hazards |
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8 | (1) |
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Basic Concepts of Quality Assurance Plans in the Hematology Laboratory |
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8 | (7) |
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Quality Control Monitoring in the Hematology Laboratory |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (4) |
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Chapter 2 From Hematopoiesis to the Complete Blood Count |
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15 | (18) |
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Hematopoiesis: The Origin of Cell Development |
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16 | (1) |
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The Spleen as an Indicator Organ of Hematopoietic Health |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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Potential Risks of Splenectomy |
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18 | (1) |
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Bone Marrow and Myeloid: Erythroid Ratio |
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18 | (1) |
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Alterations in Myeloid: Erythroid Ratio |
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19 | (1) |
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Role of Stem Cells and Cytokines |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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Morphologic Classification of Anemias |
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24 | (2) |
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Calculating Red Blood Cell Indices and Their Role in Indicating Sample Integrity |
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26 | (1) |
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Value of Red Blood Cell Distribution Width |
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27 | (1) |
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27 | (1) |
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Clinical Approach to Anemias |
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27 | (6) |
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Chapter 3 Red Blood Cell Production, Function, and Relevant Red Blood Cell Morphology |
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33 | (20) |
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Basic Red Blood Cell Production |
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34 | (1) |
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Red Blood Cell Maturation |
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34 | (1) |
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Features of Red Blood Cell Development |
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34 | (3) |
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Red Blood Cell Membrane Development and Function |
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37 | (2) |
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Composition of Lipids in the Interior and Exterior Layers |
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37 | (1) |
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Composition of Proteins in the Lipid Bilayers: Integral Proteins |
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38 | (1) |
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Cytoskeleton: Peripheral Proteins |
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38 | (1) |
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Red Blood Cell Metabolism |
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39 | (1) |
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Abnormal Red Blood Cell Morphology |
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39 | (8) |
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Variations in Red Blood Cell Size |
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41 | (1) |
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Variations in Red Blood Cell Color |
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41 | (1) |
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Variations in Red Blood Cell Shape |
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42 | (5) |
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Red Blood Cell Inclusions |
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47 | (1) |
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Value of the Reticulocyte Count |
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48 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Hemoglobin Function and Principles of Hemolysis |
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53 | (12) |
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Hemoglobin Structure and Synthesis |
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54 | (3) |
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Genetics and Chain Formation of Hemoglobin |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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Oxygen Dissociation Curve |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (3) |
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Types and Physiology of Hemolysis |
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57 | (2) |
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Laboratory Evidence of Hemolysis |
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59 | (1) |
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Classifications Relevant to the Hemolytic Anemias |
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60 | (5) |
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PART II Red Blood Cell Disorders |
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65 | (68) |
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Chapter 5 The Microcytic Anemias |
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67 | (20) |
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68 | (1) |
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Iron Intake and Iron Absorption |
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68 | (1) |
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Iron Storage and Recycled Iron |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (3) |
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Pathophysiology and Symptoms |
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71 | (1) |
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Tests Used to Help Diagnose Iron Deficiency |
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72 | (1) |
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Treatment for Iron Deficiency |
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73 | (1) |
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Anemia of Chronic Disease and Inflammation: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Treatment |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (3) |
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Hereditary Hemochromatosis (Congenital Iron Overload) |
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74 | (3) |
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77 | (10) |
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Pathophysiology of Thalassemias |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (2) |
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Beta Thalassemia Major: Cooley's Anemia, Mediterranean Anemia |
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80 | (2) |
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Thalassemia Intermedia and Beta Thalassemia Trait |
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82 | (5) |
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Chapter 6 The Macrocytic Anemias |
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87 | (12) |
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Macrocytic Anemias and the Megaloblastic Process |
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88 | (1) |
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Red Blood Cell Precursors in Megaloblastic Anemia |
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88 | (1) |
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Ineffective Erythropoiesis in Megaloblastic Anemia |
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89 | (1) |
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Pernicious Anemia as a Subset of Megaloblastic Anemias |
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89 | (1) |
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Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid: Nutritional Requirements and Metabolism |
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90 | (1) |
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Vitamin B12 and Folic Acid Deficiency |
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90 | (1) |
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Vitamin B12 Transport Into the Bone Marrow |
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91 | (1) |
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Clinical Features of Patients With Megaloblastic Anemia |
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91 | (1) |
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Hematologic Features of Megaloblastic Anemias |
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92 | (1) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Megaloblastic Anemias |
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93 | (1) |
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Serum Vitamin B12 Levels and Folic Acid Levels |
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93 | (1) |
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Serum Methylmalonic Acid and Homocysteine |
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93 | (1) |
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Intrinsic Factor and Parietal Cell Antibodies |
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93 | (1) |
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Treatment and Response of Patients With Megaloblastic Anemia |
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93 | (1) |
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Macrocytic Anemias That Are Not Megaloblastic |
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94 | (5) |
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Chapter 7 Normochromic Anemias: Biochemical, Membrane, and Miscellaneous Red Blood Cell Disorders |
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99 | (18) |
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Role of the Spleen in Red Blood Cell Membrane Disorders |
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100 | (1) |
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100 | (3) |
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Genetics and Pathophysiology of Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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100 | (1) |
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Clinical Presentation in Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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101 | (1) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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102 | (1) |
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Treatment and Management of Hereditary Spherocytosis |
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103 | (1) |
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Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
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103 | (1) |
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Common Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
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103 | (1) |
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Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis |
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103 | (1) |
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Spherocytic Hereditary Elliptocytosis |
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104 | (1) |
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Hereditary Pyropoikilocytosis |
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104 | (1) |
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Hereditary Stomatocytosis and Hereditary Xerocytosis |
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104 | (1) |
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Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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105 | (3) |
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Genetics of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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105 | (1) |
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Clinical Manifestations of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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106 | (1) |
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106 | (2) |
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Diagnosis of Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency |
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108 | (1) |
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Pyruvate Kinase Deficiency |
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108 | (1) |
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Miscellaneous Red Blood Cell Disorders |
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108 | (3) |
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108 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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109 | (1) |
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Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria |
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109 | (1) |
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110 | (1) |
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Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria |
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110 | (1) |
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Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemias |
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110 | (1) |
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Acquired Anemias of Variable External Causes |
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111 | (6) |
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Chapter 8 The Normochromic Anemias Caused by Hemoglobinopathies |
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117 | (16) |
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General Description of Hemoglobinopathies |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (7) |
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Genetics and Incidence of Sickle Cell Anemia |
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118 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology of Sickling Process |
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119 | (1) |
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Clinical Considerations for Sickle Cell Anemia |
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120 | (3) |
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123 | (2) |
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125 | (1) |
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Hemoglobin C Disease and Trait and Hemoglobin SC |
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125 | (1) |
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126 | (7) |
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Hemoglobin S--Beta Thalassemia |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (1) |
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Hemoglobin DPunjab and Hemoglobin GPhila |
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126 | (1) |
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126 | (7) |
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PART III White Blood Cell Disorders |
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133 | (108) |
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Chapter 9 Leukopoiesis, WBC Differential, and Lymphocyte Function |
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135 | (14) |
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136 | (1) |
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Stages of Leukocyte Maturation |
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136 | (1) |
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Features of Cell Identification |
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136 | (4) |
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Lymphocyte Origin and Function |
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140 | (3) |
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141 | (1) |
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Travel Path of Lymphocytes |
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142 | (1) |
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Lymphocytes and Development of Immunocompetence |
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142 | (1) |
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Response of Lymphocytes to Antigenic Stimulation |
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143 | (1) |
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Lymphocyte Cell Markers and Cluster of Differentiation |
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143 | (1) |
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Leukocyte Count From Complete Blood Cell Count to Differential |
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143 | (1) |
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Manual Differential Versus Differential Scan |
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144 | (1) |
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Relative Versus Absolute Values |
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144 | (5) |
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Chapter 10 Abnormalities of White Blood Cells: Quantitative, Qualitative, and the Lipid Storage Diseases |
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149 | (18) |
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Introduction to White Blood Cell Disorders |
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150 | (1) |
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Quantitative Changes in White Blood Cells |
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150 | (1) |
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Specific Terminology Relating to Quantitative White Blood Cell Changes |
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151 | (1) |
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Stages of White Blood Cell Phagocytosis |
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151 | (1) |
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Qualitative Defects of White Blood Cells |
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152 | (3) |
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Toxic Changes in White Blood Cells |
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152 | (2) |
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154 | (1) |
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Nuclear Abnormalities: Hypersegmentation |
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154 | (1) |
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Hereditary White Blood Cell Disorders |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Reactive Lymphocytosis in Common Disease States |
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156 | (2) |
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Other Viral Sources of Reactive Lymphocytosis |
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158 | (1) |
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Effect of HIV/AIDS on Hematology Parameters |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Common Features of a Few Lipid Storage Diseases |
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159 | (1) |
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Bone Marrow Cells in Lipid Storage Disorders |
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159 | (1) |
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Bacteria and Other Unexpected White Blood Cell Changes |
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159 | (8) |
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Chapter 11 Acute Leukemias |
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167 | (30) |
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168 | (1) |
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Comparing Acute and Chronic Leukemia |
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168 | (1) |
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169 | (1) |
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169 | (16) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (2) |
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172 | (3) |
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175 | (10) |
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Acute Leukemias of Ambiguous Lineage |
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185 | (1) |
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Important Acute Myeloid Leukemia Prognostic Factors |
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185 | (1) |
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
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186 | (11) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (1) |
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186 | (4) |
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Prognosis in Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
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190 | (7) |
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Chapter 12 Myeloproliferative Neoplasms |
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197 | (20) |
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Introduction to Myeloproliferative Neoplasms |
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198 | (2) |
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World Health Organization Classifications |
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198 | (2) |
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Chronic Myeloid Leukemia BCR-ABL 1+ |
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200 | (2) |
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200 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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200 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow |
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200 | (1) |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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Chronic Neutrophilic Leukemia |
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202 | (1) |
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Chronic Eosinophilic Leukemia Not Otherwise Specified |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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203 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Findings |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (1) |
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205 | (2) |
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206 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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206 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Findings |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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207 | (1) |
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Essential Thrombocythemia |
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207 | (3) |
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208 | (1) |
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Clinical Features and Symptoms |
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208 | (1) |
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Peripheral Blood and Bone Marrow Findings |
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208 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (1) |
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210 | (7) |
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Chapter 13 Lymphoproliferative Disorders and Related Plasma Cell Disorders |
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217 | (14) |
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218 | (3) |
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Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia |
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218 | (2) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (1) |
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221 | (10) |
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Plasma Cell Structure and Function |
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221 | (2) |
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223 | (2) |
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Waldenstrom's Macroglobulinemia |
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225 | (6) |
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Chapter 14 The Myelodysplasia Syndromes |
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231 | (10) |
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Introduction to Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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Chromosomal Abnormalities |
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232 | (1) |
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Common Features and Clinical Symptoms |
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232 | (2) |
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How to Recognize Dysplasia |
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232 | (2) |
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Classification of Myelodysplastic Syndromes |
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234 | (1) |
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Specific Features of 2016 World Health Organization Classification |
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234 | (1) |
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Prognostic Factors and Clinical Management |
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235 | (6) |
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PART IV Hemostasis and Disorders of Coagulation |
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241 | (74) |
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Chapter 15 Overview of Hemostasis and Platelet Physiology |
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243 | (18) |
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Normal Hemostasis: Overview |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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Contribution of Endothelial Cells |
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244 | (1) |
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Evaluation of Endothelial Cells |
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245 | (1) |
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Platelets and Primary Hemostasis |
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245 | (3) |
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Platelet Structure and Physiology |
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245 | (1) |
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Platelet Function in Primary Hemostasis |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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246 | (2) |
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Hemostatic Proteins and Secondary Hemostasis |
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248 | (13) |
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Coagulation Factors (Coagulation Cascade) |
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248 | (3) |
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251 | (1) |
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Hemostatic Protein Groups |
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252 | (1) |
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252 | (2) |
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Screening Tests for Evaluation of Bleeding Disorders |
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254 | (7) |
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Chapter 16 Quantitative and Qualitative Platelet Disorders |
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261 | (12) |
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Quantitative Disorders of Platelets |
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262 | (4) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Sample Integrity and Preanalytic Variables |
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262 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Decreased Production |
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262 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Altered Distribution of Platelets |
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263 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Immune Effect of Specific Drugs or Antibody Formation |
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263 | (1) |
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Thrombocytopenia Related to Consumption of Platelets |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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Inherited Qualitative Disorders of Platelets |
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266 | (2) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (1) |
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Acquired Defects of Platelet Function |
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268 | (1) |
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Vascular Disorders Leading to Platelet Dysfunction |
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269 | (4) |
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Chapter 17 Defects of Plasma Clotting Factors |
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273 | (12) |
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Plasma Clotting Factors and Hemophilias |
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274 | (2) |
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Evaluation of a Bleeding Disorder |
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276 | (1) |
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Treatment of Hemophilia A Patients |
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277 | (1) |
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Quality-of-Life Issues for Hemophilia A Patients |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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Hemophilia B (Christmas Disease) |
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278 | (1) |
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Congenital Factor Deficiencies |
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278 | (1) |
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Congenital Factor Deficiencies With Bleeding Manifestations |
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278 | (1) |
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Congenital Factor Deficiencies in Which Bleeding Is Mild or Absent |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Bleeding Secondary to a Chronic Disease Process |
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279 | (1) |
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Role of Vitamin K in Hemostasis |
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280 | (5) |
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Vitamin K Deficiency and Subsequent Treatment |
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280 | (5) |
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Chapter 18 Fibrinogen, Thrombin, and the Fibrinolytic System |
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285 | (12) |
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Overview of Fibrinogen in Clot Formation and Lysis |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (2) |
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286 | (1) |
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286 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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Multiple Roles of Thrombin in Hemostasis |
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288 | (1) |
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288 | (2) |
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288 | (1) |
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Naturally Occurring Inhibitors of Fibrinolysis |
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288 | (1) |
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Measurable Products of the Fibrinolytic System |
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289 | (1) |
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Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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290 | (7) |
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Mechanism of Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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290 | (1) |
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291 | (1) |
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Clinical Symptoms and Laboratory Results in Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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291 | (1) |
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Treatment of Acute Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation |
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291 | (6) |
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Chapter 19 Introduction to Thrombosis and Anticoagulant Therapy |
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297 | (18) |
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Thrombophilia and Thrombosis---an Overview |
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298 | (1) |
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Physiologic and Pathologic Thrombosis |
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298 | (1) |
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Pathophysiology of Thrombosis |
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298 | (1) |
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Laboratory Diagnosis of Thrombotic Disorders |
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299 | (7) |
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Inherited Thrombotic Disorders |
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300 | (3) |
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Acquired Thrombotic Disorders |
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303 | (3) |
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The Laboratory's Role in Diagnosing Thrombophilia |
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306 | (1) |
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306 | (9) |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (2) |
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Alternative Anticoagulant Drugs |
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309 | (1) |
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309 | (6) |
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PART V Hematology Automation, Flow Cell Cytometry, and Laboratory Procedures |
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315 | (60) |
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Chapter 20 Hematology Automation and Flow Cell Cytometry |
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317 | (28) |
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318 | (3) |
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318 | (1) |
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318 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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319 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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320 | (1) |
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Optical Platelet Counting and Flow Cytometry |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (7) |
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321 | (1) |
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Beckman-Coulter Instrumentation |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (2) |
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CellaVision Automated Digital Cell Morphology |
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324 | (1) |
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Abbott CELL-DYN Instrumentation |
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324 | (3) |
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Siemens Healthcare Advia Instrumentation |
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327 | (1) |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid Analysis on the Advia 120/2120 |
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328 | (1) |
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Quality Assurance and Quality Control |
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328 | (3) |
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Coagulation Automation and Instruments |
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331 | (4) |
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331 | (1) |
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332 | (3) |
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Flow Cytometry Instrumentation |
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335 | (10) |
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336 | (1) |
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336 | (2) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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Applications of Flow Cytometry |
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340 | (5) |
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Chapter 21 Basic Procedures in a Hematology Laboratory |
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345 | (30) |
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346 | (2) |
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Modified Westergren Sedimentation Rate |
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348 | (2) |
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Manual Reticulocyte Procedure |
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350 | (2) |
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Peripheral Smear Procedure |
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352 | (1) |
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Performing a Manual Differential and Assessing Red Blood Cell Morphology |
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353 | (4) |
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Leukochek White Blood Cell and Platelet Manual Count |
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357 | (3) |
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Sickle Cell Screening Procedure |
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360 | (1) |
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Cerebrospinal Fluid and Body Fluid Cell Count and Differential |
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361 | (6) |
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Body Fluid Analysis on the Sysmex XE-5000 |
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367 | (3) |
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Prothrombin Time and Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time: Automated Procedure |
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370 | (2) |
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Quantitative D-Dimer---Innovance on Sysmex CA7000 |
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372 | (3) |
| Appendix A Answers to Review Questions |
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375 | (2) |
| Appendix B List of Abbreviations |
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377 | (4) |
| Glossary |
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381 | (14) |
| Index |
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395 | |
