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El. knyga: Herbivorous Fishes: Culture and Use for Weed Management

Jerome V. Shireman, PhD (University of Florida), Karol Opuszynski, D.Sc

Formatas: 223 pages
Serija: Routledge Revivals
Išleidimo metai: 13-Jun-2019
Leidėjas: CRC Press
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9781000005899

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Formatas: 223 pages
Serija: Routledge Revivals
Išleidimo metai: 13-Jun-2019
Leidėjas: CRC Press
Kalba: eng
ISBN-13: 9781000005899

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Published in 1995: This book is not designed as a culture manual for herbivorous fishes, but the reader is directed to other sources. This book should meet the needs that exist for a comprehensive publication on herbivorous fishes.

Chapter 1 Introduction

(2)

Chapter 2 Systematics, Distribution, Diversity, and Abundance of Herbivorous Fishes

(36)

I Taxonomy and Morphology

(5)

A Grass Carp, C. idella

(1)

B Silver Carp, H. molitrix

(2)

C Bighead Carp, H. nobilis

(2)

II Diversity, Distribution, and Abundance i

(2)

A Marine Herbivores

(1)

B Freshwater Herbivores

(1)

III Feeding Behavior and Food

(4)

IV Structural Adaptation to Herbivorous Feeding

(7)

A Body Form

(1)

B Marginal Teeth

(2)

C Pharyngeal Teeth

(1)

D Gill Rakers

(2)

E Alimentary Tract

(1)

1 Type I: Thin-Walled and Highly Acid Stomach

(1)

2 Type II: Gizzard-Like Stomach

(1)

3 Type III: Pharyngeal Apparatus

(1)

4 Type IV: Hindgut Fermentation Chamber

(1)

V Digestive Mechanisms

(10)

A Breakage of Plant Cells: Problems with Cellulose Digestion

(1)

1 Acid Lysis

(1)

2 Mechanical Breakage

(1)

3 Microbial Fermentation

(1)

B Digestion of Cell Contents

(2)

C Gut Evacuation Rate and Nutrient Absorption

(1)

D Assimilation Efficiency

(3)

E Protein Requirement and Food Ration

(3)

VI Energy Budget: Carnivores vs. Herbivores

(1)

VII Natural Distribution of Chinese Carp

(1)

VIII History of Introduction and Present Distribution

(7)

A History of Introduction

(3)

1 Areas of Natural Spawning Outside the Natural Range

(2)

2 Areas Where Fish are Introduced but Not Established

(2)

Chapter 3 Life History

I Reproduction

(12)

A Maturity

(2)

B Gonadal Development

(3)

C Sexual Dimorphism and Sex Composition

(1)

D Fecundity

(1)

1 Sperm Peculiarities

(1)

E Ecological Conditions for Spawning

(4)

F Spawning Behavior

(1)

II Development

(5)

A Egg Development

(4)

B Pro-Larval, Larval, and Fry Development

(1)

C Physical Factors Influencing Development

(1)

III Feeding Behavior

(23)

A Grass Carp

(1)

1 Larval Feeding

(1)

2 Preferred Plants

(5)

3 Animal Food

(1)

4 Consumption Rate

(3)

5 Food Conversion Ratio, Assimilation, and Energy Budget

(2)

B Silver Carp

(1)

1 Larval Feeding

(1)

2 Food Quality

(2)

3 Food Selection

(3)

4 Consumption Rate and Food Utilization

(3)

C Bighead Carp at

(1)

1 Larval Feeding

(1)

2 Food Quality

(1)

3 Consumption Rate and Food Utilization

(1)

IV Growth

(10)

A Grass Carp

(1)

1 Diet

(5)

B Silver Carp

(2)

C Bighead Carp

(3)

Chapter 4 Culture of Chinese Carp

(46)

I Artificial Propagation

(13)

A Hormone-Induced Maturation

(1)

1 Reproductive Control Mechanisms

(1)

2 Hormones for Induced Spawning

(2)

3 Coordination of Hormone Application with Fish Maturity

(1)

B Egg Fertilization

(1)

1 Natural Fertilization

(2)

2 Artificial Fertilization

(2)

C Egg Incubation

(1)

D Genetic Manipulation to Produce Sterile Fishes

(1)

1 Surgical Removal of Gonads

(1)

2 Hybridization between Grass Carp and Bighead Carp

(1)

3 Gynogenesis and Sex Reversal

(1)

4 Induction of Triploidy

(4)

5 Induction of Tetraploidy

102

(1)

II Larval Culture

102

(13)

A Problems in Larval Culture: Physical Conditions, Food, Predation, and Diseases

104

(1)

1 Temperature

104

(1)

2 Oxygen

105

(1)

3 Nitrogen

105

(1)

4 Natural Food

105

(1)

5 Artificial Diets

106

(1)

6 Predation and Diseases

107

(1)

7 Interactions of Temperature, Food, and Predation

108

(1)

B Larval Culture in Ponds

108

(1)

1 Pond Preparation

109

(1)

2 Stocking Optimization

110

(1)

3 Fertilization

110

(1)

4 Fish Feeding

111

(1)

5 Predation Control in Ponds

111

(1)

C Cage and Tank Larval Rearing

112

(1)

1 Rearing Facilities

112

(1)

2 Larval Feeding with Natural Food

112

(2)

3 Larval Feeding with Dry Diets

114

(1)

4 Predation Control in Intensive Culture

115

(1)

D Utilization of Heated Effluents for Larval Culture

115

(1)

III Culture of Marketable Fishes

115

(16)

A Principles of Poly culture

115

(2)

B Regional Review of Culture Practices

117

(1)

1 Chinese Methods of Polyculture

117

(5)

2 Polyculture in Europe

122

(3)

3 Polyculture in Israel

125

(1)

4 Grow-Out of Chinese Carp in the U.S.

126

(2)

5 Culture Methods in Other Regions

128

(3)

IV Diseases

131

(4)

Chapter 5 Utilization of Grass Carp for Aquatic Weed Control

135

(24)

I Nuisance Plants

135

(1)

II Mechanical, Chemical, and Biological Methods for Aquatic Plant Management

136

(3)

A Mechanical Control

136

(1)

B Chemical Control

137

(2)

C Water Level Manipulation

139

(1)

III Survey of Grass Carp Usage for Aquatic Weed Control

139

(5)

A Former U.S.S.R. and Eastern Europe

140

(1)

B Western Europe and United Kingdom

140

(1)

C United States

141

(1)

D Other Countries

142

(2)

IV Impact of Control Methods

144

(12)

A Chemical Control

144

(4)

B Mechanical Control

148

(1)

C Grass Carp

149

(2)

D Water Quality

151

(5)

V Management Considerations Using Grass Carp

156

(3)

A Control of Stocked Grass Carp Populations

158

(1)

Chapter 6 Utilization of Phytoplanktivorous Fishes for Counteracting Eutrophication

159

(16)

I Introduction

159

(1)

II European Experience

160

(5)

III North American Studies

165

(3)

IV Use of Filter Feeding Fishes in Israel

168

(2)

V Results in Other Regions

170

(1)

VI Strategy and Efficacy of Using Fishes: Direct or Indirect Algal Control?

171

(4)

References

175

(40)

Index

215

Dr. Karol Opuszynski was Head of the Department of Pond Fish Culture and Head of the Fish Rearing and Breeding Laboratory at the Institute of Freshwater Fisheries under the Ministry of Agriculture.

Dr. Jerome V. Shireman is Chairman of the Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences Department.

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