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Hinterlands and Inlands: The Archaeology of West Cambridge and Roman Cambridge Revisited [Kietas viršelis]

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Thinking Hinterlands &; Spanning 25 years of fieldwork across a 3 sq. km swathe on the west side of Cambridge, this and its companion volume present the results of 15 sites, including seven cemeteries. The main focus is on the area&;s prehistoric &;inland&; colonization (particularly its Middle Bronze Age horizon) and the dynamics of its Roman hinterland settlements. The latter involves a variety of farmsteads, a major roadside centre and a villa-estate complex, and the excavation programme represents one of the most comprehensive studies of the Roman countryside anywhere within the lands of its former empire. Appropriately, this book also includes a review of Roman Cambridge, appraising its status as a town.

Thinking Hinterlands – Spanning 25 years of fieldwork across a 3 sq. km swathe on the west side of Cambridge, this and its companion volume present the results of 15 sites, including seven cemeteries. The main focus is on the area’s prehistoric ‘inland’ colonization (particularly its Middle Bronze Age horizon) and the dynamics of its Roman hinterla

Recenzijos

This timely book will be a useful reference guide for researchers dealing with similar hinterland locations of towns and settlements along the Roman road network, and for those wishing to discover aspects of the development of the research campuses of the University of Cambridge. * Current Archaeology *

Figures
xi
Tables
xvi
Acknowledgements and Amassed Context xix
Chapter 1 Introduction -- Mapping and Sociable Knowledges
1(24)
Suburban Archaeology and Subtle Topographies
1(5)
Background Framing
6(3)
Mapping Knowledge
9(2)
Inset: (In)Visible Cities -- Forma Urbis Romae
11(3)
This Book -- Text and Context
14(6)
Thinking Hinterlands (1), Ritual and `Rule-bound Behaviours'
20(5)
Chapter 2 Roman Cambridge (Revisited) and its Immediate Environs
25(70)
Prior Observations and Source Criticism -- Things Missing
25(12)
Castle Hill-top Investigations -- Water Supply and Buildings (with Marcus Brittain and Craig Cessford)
37(15)
Quarry Imprint and Roman Town `Fringe' (with Duncan Mackay, Richard Newman and Letty Ten Harkel)
52(13)
East Cam-Bank Investigations
65(9)
Jesus College Investigations
68(1)
West Court (with Simon Timberlake and Dave Webb)
68(1)
The Maintenance Workshop Site (with Steve Williams)
68(4)
Other Investigations
72(2)
Inset: Acculturation and Illiterate Stamping -- Terra Nigra
74(2)
Cambridge Southwest-Sector Sites
76(7)
Burrell's Field (with Kasia Gdaniec)
76(2)
Nezvnham College/Sidgwick Site Area (with Nick Armour, Simon Timberlake and Dave Webb)
78(2)
Barton Road (with Duncan Mackay)
80(3)
Discussion -- A Betwixt Place -- Settlement Status, Parallels and Densities
83(12)
Gauging Roman Cambridge
86(9)
Chapter 3 Roads West -- New Hall and Fitzwilliam College Excavations
95(120)
Prehistoric Activity (Period I)
96(10)
Bronze Age
96(4)
Iron Age (?)
100(2)
Artefact Studies
102(1)
The Lithic Assemblage (Alison Dickens)
102(1)
Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Pottery (Josh Pollard)
103(1)
Later Iron Age Pottery (J.D. Hill)
104(1)
Overview
105(1)
Roman Land-use and Settlement (Period II)
106(73)
Road, Ditch Systems and Enclosure B (Area II)
106(4)
Quarries, Ditches and Postholes (Area III)
110(2)
Huntingdon Road-side Features (Area III)
112(2)
Quarrying (Area I)
114(7)
Northwestern Enclosure Complex
121(1)
The Ditch Systems
121(6)
The Bank System
127(1)
The Trackway
127(1)
North Field Postholes
128(1)
The Mid-Zone Ditches
128(2)
The Southern Ditches
130(1)
Discrete Settlement Features
131(2)
The Western Enclosure System -- A Development Model
133(1)
The Cemetery (No. 1)
134(3)
Grave Catalogue (Ian Marsden; with a contribution by Sara Austin)
137(4)
The Duckworth Collection Skulls (Benjamin Neil)
141(1)
Overviewing Settlement Structures
142(1)
Inter-Area Correspondence and Phasing
142(1)
Quarrying
142(2)
Artefact Densities and Distributions
144(2)
Burial, Ritual and Hygiene
146(1)
Material Culture
147(1)
Romano-British Pottery (Chris Going, with a contribution by Francesca Mazzilli)
147(14)
Metalwork (Alison Dickens)
161(1)
Glass (Alison Dickens)
162(1)
Building Materials --- Tile, Fired Clay and Building Stone
162(1)
Worked Stone
163(1)
Industrial Waste
163(1)
Environmental and Economic Data
163(1)
Animal Bone (Eftychia Yannouli)
163(7)
Macrofossils (Val Fryer and Peter Murphy)
170(5)
Feature-Monolith Samples (Peter Murphy)
175(1)
Pollen (Patricia Wiltshire)
176(1)
Soil Micromorphology (Brendan Coyle and Charles French)
177(2)
Inset: The `Archaeology' of the Darwin Family Estate
179(3)
Accruing Context -- Allied Investigations
182(19)
The Marion Close Enclosure (with Richard Mortimer)
182(1)
The Enclosure
182(4)
Pottery (J.D. Hill)
186(1)
Animal Bone (Eftychia Yannouli)
186(2)
Plant Remains (Chris Stevens)
188(1)
Discussion
188(1)
Fitzwilliam College (with Adam Slater)
188(3)
Trinity Hall Playing Fields (with Jennifer Wills)
191(4)
Roman Pottery (Katie Anderson)
195(1)
Metalwork (Matt Brudenell and Andrew Hall)
196(1)
Environmental Remains and Economic Data
197(1)
Discussion
197(1)
Murray Edwards (with Jacqui Hutton, Richard Newman and Dave Webb)
197(4)
General Discussion
201(14)
Roads West
202(1)
Roman Quarrying
203(1)
Settlement and Waste Land
204(5)
Activities, Environment and Economic Evidence
209(6)
Chapter 4 Vicars Farm -- Baseline Matters
215(58)
Methodologies
215(5)
Public and Computing Initiatives
220(2)
Allied Investigations
222(4)
Inset: Follies and Time/Space Reckoning -- Telescope Archaeology (1)
226(2)
Sequence Overview
228(15)
Mesolithic-Late Bronze Age
228(1)
Lithics (with Chantal Conneller)
229(1)
Iron Age
229(3)
Roman
232(1)
Pre-settlement Ditch System
232(1)
The Roman Settlement and Fieldsystem
233(1)
Medieval, Post-Medieval and Modern
233(1)
Medieval and Post-Medieval (c. 1300--1800)
233(1)
The Finds
233(4)
Modern (c. 1800--2000)
237(2)
The Farm Buildings Anthony Baggs
239(2)
Farmyard Archaeology
241(2)
Profiling the Roman Land Surface
243(7)
Preservation and Truncation
245(1)
The Colluvium
245(1)
Micromorphological Analyses Charles French
245(1)
The Basin
245(1)
Mapping the Upper Soil Profile and `Dark Earth'
246(1)
Soil Matrix Composition and Derivation
246(1)
Micromorphological Analyses of Ditch Fills Charles French
247(2)
The Nature of the Dark Earth
249(1)
Finds Densities and Condition
249(1)
The Local Environment
250(13)
Macrofossil Preservation and Recovery Rachel Ballantyne
250(2)
The Northern Contexts
252(6)
The Central Contexts
258(1)
Pollen Analysis Rob Scaife
258(1)
The Pollen Data
259(4)
Deposition of Cultural Material
263(10)
Finds Densities
263(2)
Taphonomy
265(1)
Animal Bone (with Andy Clarke)
265(4)
Roman Pottery (with Gwladys Monteil)
269(1)
Overviewing Survival and Depositional Patterns
270(3)
Chapter 5 Vicars Farm -- Roman Settlement Sequence
273(72)
Phase I (AD 80--180)
273(18)
The Core Settlement -- Main Enclosure (Area A)
273(1)
The Interior
273(2)
The Aisled Building
275(2)
Pit Group
277(1)
Roundhouse
278(1)
The Timber Shrine
278(3)
Forecourt Area
281(1)
The Cremation Cemetery (Cemetery 2)
281(2)
Human Remains (with Natasha Dodwell)
283(4)
Faunal Remains (with Andy Clarke)
287(1)
The Pottery (with Gwladys Monteil)
287(1)
The Glass H.E.M. Cool
287(2)
Overview (with Natasha Dodwell)
289(2)
The Southern Fields (Areas B/C/D)
291(1)
Southern Sub-enclosure
291(1)
The Northern Fields (Area E)
291(1)
Trackways/Roads
291(1)
Eastern Side of the Trackway
291(1)
Phase II (AD 180--270)
291(13)
The Core Settlement -- Main Enclosure (Area A)
292(1)
The Interior
292(1)
West of Pathway
292(1)
East of Pathway
292(3)
The Aisled Building
295(1)
The Timber Shrine
295(3)
Forecourt
298(1)
Structure A
298(1)
Curvilinear Enclosure
298(3)
Monumental Post
301(1)
Southern Core Extension (Area B)
301(1)
Structure B
301(1)
The Southern Fields (Area D)
302(1)
A Southern Road/Trackway
303(1)
Cremation F.2084
304(1)
The Northern Fields (Area E)
304(1)
Western Side of Trackway
304(1)
Eastern Side of Trackway
304(1)
Phase III (AD 270--410)
304(31)
The Core Settlement -- Main Enclosure (Area A)
304(1)
The Interior
304(2)
Forecourt
306(1)
Curvilinear Enclosure
306(1)
Monumental Post
307(1)
Structure C
307(1)
Pitting Zone
307(1)
Northern Zone Metalled Surfaces
308(1)
Southern Core Extension (Area B)
308(2)
Central Area
310(1)
Square Enclosure with Pits
310(1)
Western Sub-enclosure
310(1)
Structure D
310(2)
Eastern Side
312(1)
Western Side
312(1)
Southern Fields (Areas C/D)
312(2)
The Inhumation Cemetery (Area D; Cemetery 3)
314(3)
Human Remains Natasha Dodwell (with Sarah Inskip)
317(7)
Platymeric and Platycnemic Traits Benjamin Neil and Bram Mulder
324(2)
Ancient DNA Analysis Christiana Scheib (with Ruoyun Hui and Toomas Kivisild)
326(1)
Copper Alloy Jewellery Nina Crummy
326(4)
Iron Nina Crummy
330(1)
Pottery Gwladys Monteil
330(1)
Glass H.E.M. Cool
330(1)
Cemetery Overview (with Natasha Dodwell)
331(4)
Inset: Two Burials -- Two Questions
335(3)
Northern Fields (Area E)
337(1)
Western Side
337(1)
Eastern Side
337(1)
Discussion -- Reading Spaces and Sequences
338(7)
Phasing Revisited and Farmstead `Unit' Parallels
338(3)
Segmenting Space
341(2)
Roadway Axes/Access -- A Landscape Hub-point
343(2)
Chapter 6 Building Spaces, Assemblages and Community - Overviewing Vicar's Farm
345(90)
The Built Environment
345(12)
Structures
345(1)
The Aisled Building
345(1)
The Timber Shrine
345(3)
Roundhouses
348(1)
Rectangular Structures
349(1)
`Cell' Structures
349(1)
Monumental Post
349(1)
`Missing' Structures
349(1)
Building Materials
350(1)
Fired Clay
350(1)
Brick, Tile and Mortar
351(1)
Building Stone (with Kevin Hayward)
351(1)
Nails and Other Structural Ironwork (with Nina Crummy)
352(1)
Window Glass
353(1)
Ditches
353(1)
Size
353(1)
Repetition
354(1)
Other Features
355(1)
Pits
355(1)
Wells
355(4)
Metalled Surfaces
359(1)
Inset: Two Vessels Gavin Lucas
359(2)
Spaces and Uses
359(14)
Human and Animal Spaces
359(1)
Phosphates (with Paul Middleton)
360(2)
Faunal Remains and Ritual Deposition
362(3)
Working Spaces
365(1)
Tools Nina Crummy
365(1)
The Industrial Waste Jane Cowgill
365(1)
Smithing Areas
366(1)
Cereal Remains Rachel Ballantyne
367(2)
Patterning and Activity Areas
369(1)
Disposal Patterns: Categories of Waste?
369(1)
Querns and Millstones (with Kevin Hayward)
369(3)
Quernstone Deposition and Distribution
372(1)
Overviewing Crop-processes
373(1)
The Living and the Dead
373(13)
Treatment of the Dead (with Natasha Dodwell)
373(1)
Cemeteries
373(2)
Isolated Burials
375(1)
Disarticulated Remains
375(1)
Overviewing the Dead (with Natasha Dodwell)
375(3)
The Living Population
378(1)
Demography
378(1)
Personal Items Nina Crummy
379(1)
Dress Accessories
379(3)
Toilet Instruments
382(1)
Other
382(3)
Overviewing Identities
385(1)
Production
386(8)
Crop Husbandry Rachel Ballantyne
386(1)
Cereals and Other Economic Plants
386(1)
Charred Wild Plants
386(3)
The Cultivation Regime
389(1)
Overview
389(1)
Animal Husbandry Andy Clarke
390(1)
Cattle
390(1)
Sheep
390(2)
Pigs
392(1)
Goats
392(1)
Horses
392(1)
Dogs
392(1)
Deer
392(1)
Other Mammals
392(1)
Birds
392(1)
Overview
392(2)
Consumption
394(14)
Pottery (with Gwladys Monteil)
394(7)
Glass Vessels H.E.M. Cool
401(1)
Food Remains (with Andy Clarke)
402(6)
Exchange and the Monetary Economy
408(13)
Ceramics and Source Gwladys Monteil
408(1)
Continental Imports
408(3)
Regional Imports
411(1)
Local Imports
412(1)
Imported Stone Kevin Hayward
413(2)
Coins Richard Reece
415(2)
Weights and Military Artefacts (with Nina Crummy)
417(1)
Overview -- Economy and Ownership
417(4)
Inset: The Man Loaded with Mischief
421(2)
Discussion -- Thinking Communities and Farms
423(12)
Langdale Hale Compared
423(2)
Spaces, Buildings and Roles (and the Dead)
425(3)
An Estate Farm and Religious Architectures
428(3)
What is a Farm?
431(4)
Chapter 7 The High Cross Settlement and Other Investigations -- Postscript and Landscape Context
435
The High Cross Settlement (with Simon Timberlake)
435(22)
Site Sequence
435(1)
Mesolithic/Early Neolithic
435(5)
Bronze Age
440(1)
Early Iron Age
440(1)
Middle Iron Age
440(4)
Early Roman
444(1)
Medieval
444(1)
Material Culture
445(1)
Worked Flint (Lawrence Billington)
445(2)
Prehistoric Pottery (Matt Brudenell)
447(3)
Roman Pottery (Katie Anderson)
450(1)
Burnt and Worked Stone (Simon Timberlake)
450(3)
Other Finds (Grahame Appleby and Simon Timberlake)
453(1)
Economic and Environmental Data
453(1)
Faunal Remains (Vida Rajkovaca)
453(1)
Environmental Remains (Anne de Vareilles)
454(1)
Pollen Analysis (Steve Boreham)
455(1)
Discussion
455(2)
Inset: Cambridge at War (1) -- The Sebro Shorts Aircraft Works
457(3)
Further Evaluation and the Vet School Site Settlement
460(4)
The Wilberforce Road Settlement (with Marcus Brittain)
464(26)
Prehistory
464(6)
Roman
470(1)
The Roman Pottery Kiln
470(4)
Material Culture
474(1)
Roman Pottery (Francesca Mazzilli)
474(5)
Metalwork (Andy Hall and Justin Wiles)
479(1)
Environmental and Economic Evidence
480(1)
Faunal Remains (Vida Rajkovaca)
480(2)
Charred Plant Macrofossils and Charcoal (Ellen Simmons)
482(1)
Pollen (Steve Boreham)
483(1)
Discussion and Geophysical Survey
484(6)
Postscript Observations
490
The Challenge of Numbers
490(3)
Economic Matters and Transformation
493(2)
Madingley Rises -- Mixed Households, Local and Far-flung Connections
495(3)
Peripheries become Cores -- `Landscape-arrival' Icons
498
Christopher Evans is executive Director of the Cambridge Archaeological unit based in the Department of Archaeology, University of Cambridge. He has worked in British Archaeology at a senior level for more than twenty-five years, specialising in British prehistory, and archaeological theory with extensive experience in he management of complex excavation and post-excavation programmes. Gavin Lucas is Professor of Archaeology at the University of Iceland to where he moved in 2002 after several years working with Cambridge Archaeology Unit. His main research interests lie in archaeological method and theory and the archaeology of the modern world.