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Historical Morphology of English [Minkštas viršelis]

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Charting the major developments in the morphology of English, this book introduces students to English inflectional and derivational morphology, presenting them with a long-range perspective of language change. The book is also built around the chronological periods crucial for each type of important large-scale change in the morphology of English, moving from Old, Middle and Early Modern English, to Modern English. The book also explores four sources of linguistic innovation - learner errors in categorical inflectional systems, lexical analogy, productivity in derivational systems and language and dialect contact - illustrating the extent to which the history of English Morphology offers significant information about morphological change in general.

A textbook survey of how English morphology has evolved from Old English to the present
Preface ix
Acknowledgments xi
Section A Concepts
1(24)
1 Morphology
3(13)
1.1 The relation(s) of morphology to other components of the grammar
3(2)
1.2 The relation(s) between morphemes and functions
5(1)
1.3 Alternations
6(1)
1.4 Derivational morphology: an overview
7(2)
1.5 Inflectional morphology: an overview
9(3)
1.6 Some useful concepts
12(1)
1.7 Some unanswered questions
13(3)
Exercises
15(1)
2 Linguistic change and the evidence of the past
16(9)
2.1 The nature of the evidence
16(1)
2.2 The sources and course of linguistic change
17(4)
2.3 Contact and change
21(4)
Exercise
22(3)
Section B Inflectional morphology
25(116)
3 Old English inflectional morphology
27(29)
3.1 The Old English verb system
28(16)
3.1.1 Inflectional categories and stems
28(2)
3.1.2 The inflection of Old English strong verbs
30(2)
3.1.3 The inflection of Old English weak verbs
32(3)
3.1.4 The inflection of Old English preterite-present verbs
35(2)
3.1.5 The inflection of Old English anomalous verbs
37(1)
3.1.6 Lexical classes, productivity, and defaults in the Old English verb system
38(4)
3.1.7 Periphrastic verbs in Old English
42(2)
3.2 The inflection of nouns in Old English
44(2)
3.3 The inflection of other nominals in Old English
46(10)
Exercises
52(4)
4 Inflectional change in late Old English
56(22)
4.1 Loss of the gender system
57(12)
4.1.1 Gender in Old English
57(3)
4.1.2 Gender in the Lindisfarne Gospel glosses
60(3)
4.1.3 Gender in the Peterborough Chronicle
63(3)
4.1.4 Dialect differences in the loss of gender
66(3)
4.2 The origin of the weak class I type send, sent
69(4)
4.3 The fate of late Old English -en
73(1)
4.4 The origin of she
74(4)
Exercises
76(2)
5 Casemarking in Middle English
78(12)
5.1 Accusative and dative
78(1)
5.2 The Midlands isogloss
79(6)
5.3 The genitive
85(2)
5.4 The dual pronouns
87(3)
Exercises
87(3)
6 Contact with Norse and French
90(19)
6.1 English and French: a typical contact situation
90(2)
6.2 English and Norse: intensive contact
92(1)
6.3 Norse lexemes and morphosyntax in English
93(2)
6.4 The process of transfer
95(6)
6.5 Other probable consequences of Norse-to-English language shift
101(8)
Exercises
105(4)
7 Middle English verb inflection
109(16)
7.1 The northern system
109(1)
7.2 The south and the Midlands: verb endings
110(2)
7.3 The south and the Midlands: stem formation of strong verbs
112(5)
7.4 Weak verbs
117(1)
7.5 Minor classes of verbs
118(1)
7.6 The trajectory of change
119(6)
Exercise
119(6)
8 Toward Modern English
125(16)
8.1 Early Modern English verb inflection
125(5)
8.1.1 The past tenses of irregular verbs
125(2)
8.1.2 Pres. indie. 3sg. -eth and -s
127(1)
8.1.3 The demise of the subjunctive
128(1)
8.1.4 The rise of modals
129(1)
8.1.5 Continuous be and passive be
130(1)
8.2 Early Modern English pronouns
130(4)
8.2.1 Second-person pronouns and pres. indie. 2sg. -est
130(2)
8.2.2 Case-marking on pronouns
132(2)
8.3 The development of contracted -n't
134(1)
8.4 Latinate plurals
135(6)
Exercise
136(5)
Section C Derivational morphology
141(51)
9 Inherited derivational patterns
143(18)
9.1 Old English relics
143(3)
9.2 Old English patterns of suffixation that remained productive
146(6)
9.3 Old English prefixes
152(2)
9.4 Compounds in English
154(4)
9.5 Compounding or affixation?
158(1)
9.6 The fate of compounds
159(2)
Exercise
160(1)
10 French derivational patterns in English
161(9)
10.1 The process: borrowing and reanalysis
162(1)
10.2 French prefixes in English
163(2)
10.3 French suffixes in English
165(5)
Exercise
169(1)
11 Latinate derivational patterns in English
170(9)
11.1 Fully productive Latinate affixes
170(2)
11.2 The Latinate derivational system in English
172(2)
11.3 Some consequences of the split in English derivational morphology
174(5)
12 Some aspects of modern English derivational morphology
179(13)
12.1 Zero derivation
179(3)
12.2 Resegmentation
182(2)
12.3 Sound symbolism
184(3)
12.4 The distribution of derivational types over text types
187(5)
Bibliography 192(10)
Index 202
Don Ringe, Professor, University of Pennsylvania.