About This Book |
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vi | |
About the Authors |
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vii | |
Acknowledgments |
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ix | |
Foreword |
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xxiii | |
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Preface |
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xxv | |
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PART ONE A Positive, Proactive Approach to Behavior Management |
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3 | (9) |
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What's Wrong with Kids Today? |
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4 | (1) |
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What Happened to the Good Old Days? |
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4 | (1) |
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I Didn't Sign Up for This! |
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5 | (1) |
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Students with Behavior Problems Should Just Be Suspended! |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (2) |
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Remove the Words Should and Shouldn't from Your Vocabulary |
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8 | (1) |
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Limit the Time Spent "Admiring the Problem" |
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8 | (1) |
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Strive to Understand the Perspectives of All Team Members and Stakeholders |
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8 | (1) |
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Let Go of the Old Way of Doing Things |
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9 | (1) |
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Expand Your Behavior Management Toolbox |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (2) |
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2 Positive Behavior Support and Functional Behavioral Assessment for Educators |
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12 | (15) |
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What Exactly is Positive Behavior Support? |
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13 | (1) |
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Research-Validated Practices |
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13 | (1) |
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Enhancing the Capacity of Environments |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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What Exactly is Functional Behavioral Assessment? |
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15 | (2) |
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Three Key Concepts of FBA |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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Common Functions of Problem Behavior |
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18 | (4) |
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To Get Attention or a Reaction |
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19 | (1) |
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To Get Something Tangible |
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20 | (1) |
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To Obtain a Sense of Power or Control |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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As a Result of a Lack of Understanding |
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21 | (1) |
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To Escape or Avoid Something |
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21 | (1) |
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The Bottom Line on Functional Behavioral Assessment |
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22 | (1) |
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Our Model of Intervention |
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22 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (3) |
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PART TWO Social Skills Instruction |
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3 Teaching Social Skills: The Basics |
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27 | (9) |
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Traditional Approaches to Social Skills Instruction |
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27 | (1) |
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A Three-Tiered Approach to Social Skills Instruction |
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28 | (2) |
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Types of Social Skills Deficits |
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30 | (3) |
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30 | (1) |
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30 | (2) |
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32 | (1) |
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Self-Management: The Ultimate Goal |
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33 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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35 | (1) |
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4 Group Social Skills Instruction |
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36 | (21) |
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Schoolwide and Classwide Social Skills Instruction |
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36 | (7) |
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37 | (1) |
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37 | (1) |
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Frequent Positive Feedback |
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37 | (1) |
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Schoolwide and Classwide Expectations or Rules |
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38 | (1) |
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Schoolwide and Classwide Routines |
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39 | (2) |
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Important Schoolwide and Classwide Lessons |
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41 | (2) |
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Small Group Social Skills Instruction |
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43 | (1) |
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Choosing Curricula: A Case Study |
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43 | (3) |
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46 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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47 | (10) |
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5 Individualized Social Skills Instruction |
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57 | (14) |
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What Behaviors Should Be Focused on During Individualized Instruction? |
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57 | (5) |
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58 | (2) |
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Identifying Replacement Behavior |
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60 | (1) |
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61 | (1) |
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Who Should Provide Individualized Instruction? |
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62 | (1) |
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When Should Individualized Instruction Take Place? |
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62 | (2) |
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Embedded into Existing Structures and Therapies |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Behavior Tutoring Sessions |
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63 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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How Should Individualized Instruction Be Delivered? |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Commonly Overlooked Replacement Behaviors |
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65 | (1) |
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Taking Appropriate Breaks |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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66 | (5) |
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PART THREE Preventing Challenging Behavior |
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6 Preventing Challenging Behavior: The Basics |
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71 | (7) |
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Targeting Setting Events and Triggering Antecedents |
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71 | (1) |
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Identifying Sources of Frustration |
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72 | (1) |
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Developing a Positive Relationship |
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73 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Focus on Frequent Positive Feedback |
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76 | (1) |
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76 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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7 Assisting with Executive Functioning Tasks |
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78 | (21) |
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80 | (8) |
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81 | (1) |
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81 | (3) |
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84 | (1) |
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85 | (3) |
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A Final Word About Visual Supports |
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88 | (1) |
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Assistance with Other Executive Functioning Skills |
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88 | (5) |
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Breaking Long Projects into Steps |
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88 | (1) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (3) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (5) |
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8 Providing Appropriate and Engaging Academic Instruction |
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99 | (18) |
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Differentiated Instruction |
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100 | (7) |
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101 | (1) |
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Embedding Interests and Perferences |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (5) |
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107 | (5) |
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Learn How to Make a Table in a Word Processing Program |
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108 | (1) |
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Schedule Things That Are Absolutely Inflexible First |
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108 | (1) |
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Schedule the Major Core Academic Areas |
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109 | (1) |
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Use Paraprofessionals Wisely and Appropriately |
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109 | (2) |
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Make Sure You Get a Planning Time |
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111 | (1) |
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Maintaining Academic Engagement |
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112 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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114 | (3) |
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PART FOUR Reinforcing Desired Behavior |
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9 Reinforcing Desired Behavior: The Basics |
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117 | (15) |
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Reinforcement Versus Rewards |
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117 | (2) |
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Focus on Common Unintentional Reinforcers: Attention and Escape |
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118 | (1) |
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Reinforcement Versus Bribery |
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119 | (1) |
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How to Determine What is Reinforcing for Students |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (2) |
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Reinforcement Schedules: Determining How Much and How Often |
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123 | (5) |
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Differential Reinforcement of Zero Rates of Behavior |
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126 | (1) |
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Differential Reinforcement of Lower Rates of Behavior |
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127 | (1) |
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Differential Reinforcement of Incompatible Behavior |
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127 | (1) |
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Other Issues Surrounding Reinforcement |
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128 | (2) |
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Setting Appropriate Criteria |
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128 | (1) |
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Pairing Educators and School with Reinforcers |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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Teaching Peers to Reinforce Appropriately |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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131 | (1) |
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10 Group Reinforcement Systems |
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132 | (8) |
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Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingencies |
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132 | (4) |
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133 | (1) |
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Interdependent Group-Oriented Contingency Games |
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134 | (1) |
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The Classwide Peer-Assisted Self-Management (CWPASM) Program |
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135 | (1) |
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Independent Group-Oriented Contingencies |
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136 | (2) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (1) |
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The Importance of Tier 1 Reinforcement |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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139 | (1) |
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11 Individual Reinforcement Systems |
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140 | (25) |
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140 | (10) |
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141 | (1) |
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Limit the Number of Skills |
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141 | (3) |
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Individualize the Target Skills |
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144 | (1) |
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144 | (2) |
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Embed Visual Supports and Special Interests |
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146 | (1) |
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Partner with the Student to Help Develop |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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Let Students Keep Their Sheet with Them (If They Wish) |
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146 | (1) |
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Review Regularly with the Student |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Allow Students to Self-Monitor When Ready |
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148 | (1) |
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Communicate to Parents What Constitutes a Successful Day |
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148 | (2) |
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Dependent Group-Oriented Contingency |
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150 | (1) |
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150 | (4) |
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Structured Behavioral Skills Program: Daily Level System |
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151 | (1) |
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Climbing the Ladder of Success |
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152 | (2) |
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A Warning About Using Point and Level Systems |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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155 | (5) |
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158 | (1) |
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Positive Attention Trackers |
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158 | (2) |
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160 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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161 | (4) |
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PART FIVE Using Undesirable Consequences |
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12 Using Undesirable Consequences: The Basics |
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165 | (9) |
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165 | (2) |
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Punishment Does Not Work in the Long Term |
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166 | (1) |
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Punishment Does Not Teach the Student What to Do Instead |
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166 | (1) |
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Punishment Encourages Negative Attitudes Toward Shcool and Educators |
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166 | (1) |
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Punishment Reduces Motivation to Learn Other Techniques |
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166 | (1) |
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Natural and Logical Undesirable Consequences |
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167 | (2) |
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Natural Undersirable Consequences |
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167 | (2) |
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Logical Undersirable Consequences |
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169 | (1) |
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The Three R's of Logical Consequences |
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169 | (2) |
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169 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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170 | (1) |
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Punishment Versus Logical Consequences |
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171 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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173 | (1) |
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13 Common Logical Undesirable Consequences |
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174 | (19) |
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Common Undersirable Consequences Continuum |
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175 | (3) |
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175 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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The Importance of Problem Solving |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (2) |
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Alternatives to Out-of-School Suspension |
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181 | (7) |
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184 | (1) |
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184 | (3) |
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Advantages of Alternatives to Out-of-School Suspension |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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189 | (4) |
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PART SIX Putting It All Together |
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14 Conducting Effective and Efficient Functional Behavioral Assessments |
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193 | (11) |
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Step One Operationally Define the Problem and Replacement Behaviors |
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195 | (1) |
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Step Two Collect Information |
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195 | (4) |
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How Much Information Is Needed? |
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195 | (2) |
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How Do I Collect the Data? |
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197 | (2) |
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Step Three Develop Hypotheses About Why the Problem Behavior Is Occurring |
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199 | (3) |
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202 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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203 | (1) |
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15 Designing and Implementing Effective and Efficient Behavior Intervention Plans |
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204 | (6) |
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Step 4 Design a Behavior Intervention Plan Based on the Functional Behavioral Assessment |
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204 | (1) |
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Step Five Monitor and Adjust the Behavior Intervention Plan as Needed |
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205 | (4) |
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Was the Plan Implemented as Written? |
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205 | (1) |
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Did Behavior Improve, and Was This Improvement Maintained over Time? |
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206 | (3) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (1) |
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16 Example Success Stories |
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210 | (37) |
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211 | (7) |
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Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet |
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211 | (1) |
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Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet |
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212 | (2) |
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Joey's Safe Note for Home |
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214 | (1) |
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Joey's Target Token Board (Front) |
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214 | (1) |
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Joey's Target Token Board (Back) |
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215 | (1) |
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Joey's Fidelity Checklist |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (10) |
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Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet |
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218 | (2) |
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Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet |
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220 | (3) |
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Susan's Self-Monitoring Target Behavior Sheet |
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223 | (1) |
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Susan's Reinforcement Menu |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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Susan's Target Skill Progress Computation Sheet |
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225 | (1) |
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Susan's Fidelity Checklist |
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226 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (9) |
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Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet |
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228 | (2) |
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Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet |
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230 | (3) |
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233 | (1) |
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Taylor's Tower of Success |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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Taylor's Fidelity Checklist |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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237 | (10) |
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Functional Behavioral Assessment Worksheet |
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237 | (1) |
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Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet |
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238 | (3) |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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Malik's Fidelity Checklist |
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243 | (1) |
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243 | (4) |
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PART SEVEN What About Dangerous Behavior? Managing Crises |
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17 Intervening During the Escalation Cycle |
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247 | (8) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (1) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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254 | (1) |
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18 Physical Restraint and Seclusion |
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255 | (13) |
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256 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (3) |
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257 | (1) |
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257 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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Concern About Increase of More Aversive Options |
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259 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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260 | (2) |
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260 | (1) |
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Provide or Ask for Training |
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260 | (2) |
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Commit to Positive Behavior Support in Philosophy and Practice |
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262 | (1) |
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Monitor Use of Restraint and Seclusion |
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262 | (1) |
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262 | (3) |
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Discussion Questions and Activities |
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265 | (3) |
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PART EIGHT Reproducible Tools |
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1 Positive-to-Negative Ratio Data Sheet |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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271 | (1) |
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5 Peer Comparison Direct Observation Form |
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272 | (1) |
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6 Consequence Map Template |
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273 | (1) |
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274 | (1) |
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8 Notes Template for Functional Behavioral Assessment |
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275 | (1) |
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9 Functional Behavioral Assessment Summary Worksheet |
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276 | (2) |
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10 Behavior Intervention Plan Worksheet |
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278 | (3) |
Glossary |
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281 | (6) |
Notes |
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287 | (6) |
References |
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293 | (6) |
Index |
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299 | |