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El. knyga: Hughes Court: Volume 11: From Progressivism to Pluralism, 1930 to 1941

(Harvard Law School, Massachusetts)

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"Steven Shapin began a classic work with this sentence: "There was no such thing as the Scientific Revolution, and this is a book about it."1 This book's theme might be put in similar terms. There was no Constitutional Revolution of 1937, and this is a book about it. As the book's subtitle suggests, the Hughes Court from its inception in 1930 was in large measure a Progressive court, committed in a wide range of areas to the vision of active government associated with the Progressive movement in thought and politics. The Court was not dominated by a deep formalism, though most of the justices, liberals and conservatives alike, had their moments of formalism - and not merely for strategic reasons when controlling precedent forced formalism on them. At onetime or another and cumulatively a great deal of the time, all of the justices incorporated ideas about good public policy in their interpretations of the Constitution and federal statutes"--

This comprehensive study unpacks the claim that there was a Constitutional Revolution in 1937, instead concluding that US constitutional law gradually transformed throughout the 1930s. In combining doctrinal analysis with the political, economic and social contexts of the Court's decisions, this will interest both historians and legal scholars.

The Hughes Court: From Progressivism to Pluralism, 1930 to 1941 describes the closing of one era in constitutional jurisprudence and the opening of another. This comprehensive study of the Supreme Court from 1930 to 1941 – when Charles Evans Hughes was Chief Justice – shows how nearly all justices, even the most conservative, accepted the broad premises of a Progressive theory of government and the Constitution. The Progressive view gradually increased its hold throughout the decade, but at its end, interest group pluralism began to influence the law. By 1941, constitutional and public law was discernibly different from what it had been in 1930, but there was no sharp or instantaneous Constitutional Revolution in 1937 despite claims to the contrary. This study supports its conclusions by examining the Court's work in constitutional law, administrative law, the law of justiciability, civil rights and civil liberties, and statutory interpretation.

Recenzijos

'No one understands the politics of law better or takes the law more seriously than Mark Tushnet. With a complete mastery of the decisions of the Hughes Court, Tushnet shows us the justices as they saw themselves, professionals of disparate backgrounds, temperaments, and talents, dispatching, with the tools at hand, the disputes that ceaselessly came to them. Familiar constitutional landmarks are here, as is the high drama of Franklin D. Roosevelt's 'Court-packing' plan, but so are more gradual changes in the law of the presidency, the administrative state, the federal courts, civil liberties, and civil rights that ended with the nation on the verge of a new constitutional order. Despite economic calamity and social strife, the Supreme Court thrived, not by being above politics, but by proving its worth by doing its job.' Daniel R. Ernst, Carmack Waterhouse Professor of Legal History, Georgetown University Law Center 'In this tour de force, a master doctrinalist unpacks some of the twentieth century's most significant cases. In the process, he brilliantly unlocks the mystery of the Constitutional Revolution of 1937 that did not happen, investigates the invention of federal jurisdiction, explores the evolution of the administrative state, and illuminates the transformation of modern American liberalism. Bravo!' Laura Kalman, Distinguished Research Professor, University of California, Santa Barbara

Daugiau informacijos

A comprehensive study of the US Supreme Court that explores the transformation of constitutional law from 1930 to 1941.
Acknowledgments x
Preface xiii
Table of Cases
xvii
Introduction 1(10)
PART I THE OPENING YEARS
Section A Setting the Stage
1 Personnel and Organizing Ideas
11(46)
2 Formulas and Conceptions of Basic Needs: An Overview
57(18)
3 The Complex World of Simple Formulas
75(12)
4 Formulas and Considerations of Basic Needs in Business Regulation Cases
87(32)
Section B The False Dawn
5 B lais dell
119(18)
6 Nebbia
137(9)
7 The Gold Clause Cases
146(21)
Section C Crisis
8 Black Monday, May 27, 1935
167(34)
9 Winter 1935--36
201(22)
10 Spring 1936
223(27)
11 The Court-Packing Plan
250(20)
12 Resolution
270(26)
13 Was There a "Switch in Time"?
296(15)
Section D The New Constitutional Regime
14 After the Storm: Personnel and Organization
311(31)
15 Consolidating the New Constitutional Regime: The First Plank -- The Scope of National Power
342(19)
16 Consolidating the New Constitutional Regime: The Second Plank -- State Regulation of Business
361(28)
17 Consolidating the New Constitutional Regime: The Third and Fourth Planks -- Labor Law and Intergovernmental Immunity
389(19)
18 Toward a Theory of Pluralism
408(15)
PART II CONTINUITIES
Section A Administrative Law
19 Envisioning Administrative Law
423(9)
20 Constitutional Limitations on Agencies
432(40)
21 The President's Role
472(40)
22 The Courts' Role in Administrative Law
512(39)
Section B Civil Liberties and Civil Rights
23 The Uncertainties of Theory
551(14)
24 Progressivism, Prohibition, and Organized Crime: Criminal Law in the 1930s
565(45)
25 Race, Criminal Justice, and "Labor Defense"
610(38)
26 Race and Strategic Litigation
648(31)
27 The Hughes Court and Radical Political Dissent
679(47)
28 The Hughes Court and Radical Religious Dissent
726(21)
Section C Justiciability
29 Basic Concepts of Justiciability
747(37)
30 Sovereign Immunity and Political Questions
784(19)
31 Regulating Access to the National Courts
803(48)
32 Erie
851(24)
33 Erie's Legacy
875(40)
34 Form and Style in Statutory Interpretation
915(26)
PART III NEW APPROACHES BEGIN TO EMERGE
Section A Economics
35 The Supreme Court and New Deal Economics
941(45)
36 Regulating Strikes
986(20)
37 Regulating the NLRB
1006(22)
38 The Labor-Antitrust Interface
1028(15)
Section B Civil Liberties after 1937
39 The Justices and the Theories
1043(17)
40 Demonstrations, Picketing, and First Amendment Theories
1060(56)
41 The Jehovah's Witnesses and First Amendment Theories
1116(26)
42 Conclusion
1142(4)
Historiographical Essay 1146(19)
Index 1165
Mark Tushnet is the William Nelson Cromwell Professor of Law emeritus at Harvard Law School. After graduating from Harvard College and Yale Law School, he served as law clerk to Supreme Court Justice Thurgood Marshall. He has written widely on constitutional theory, comparative constitutional law, and US legal and constitutional history. His book The NAACP's Legal Strategy Against Segregated Education (1987) won the Littleton Griswold Prize awarded by the American Historical Association.