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Humans in the Landscape: An Introduction to Environmental Studies [Minkštas viršelis]

3.21/5 (28 ratings by Goodreads)
(Williams College (emeritus)), (late of University of California, Santa Barbara), (Dartmouth College)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 431 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x193x20 mm, weight: 759 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Nov-2012
  • Leidėjas: WW Norton & Co
  • ISBN-10: 0393930726
  • ISBN-13: 9780393930726
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 431 pages, aukštis x plotis x storis: 229x193x20 mm, weight: 759 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 02-Nov-2012
  • Leidėjas: WW Norton & Co
  • ISBN-10: 0393930726
  • ISBN-13: 9780393930726
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
This undergraduate textbook is intended as an introduction to the primary disciplines that make up the field of environmental studies. The authors discuss scientific approaches and problem solving, environmentalism, ethics, market and economic issues, natural selection, human domination of ecosystems, climate change, human populations and urbanization issues, strategies, technologies, and much more. Authors are Lee (emeritus, environmental studies, Williams College), Freudenburg (late, environmental studies, U. of California), and Howarth (environmental studies, Dartmouth College). Annotation ©2012 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

A true synthesis for environmental studies.

This is the first textbook to fully synthesize all key disciplines of environmental studies. Humans in the Landscape draws on the biophysical sciences, social sciences, and humanities to explore the interactions between cultures and environments over time, and discusses classic environmental problems in the context of the overarching conflicts and frameworks that motivate them.
Boxes xii
About the Authors xv
Preface xvii
PART I FORCES
1 Humans in the Landscape: Environmental Studies and Environmentalism
3(16)
Forces, Grand Challenges, and Hope
3(3)
The Channel Island Fox
6(1)
Triple Threats Converge on the Channel Island Fox
6(5)
Environment and Sustainability
11(2)
Classical Environmentalism
13(1)
Sustainable Development and the Riddle of Widening Inequality
14(2)
Integrative Problem Solving
16(1)
Our Approach
17(2)
2 What Is Natural?
19(26)
Landscapes and the Idea of Place
19(1)
The Discovery of Landscape
20(2)
The Hudson River School
22(7)
BOX 2.1 Nature and Belief
27(2)
Progress, and a Surprise
29(3)
Two Approaches to Science
32(3)
The Invisible Present
35(3)
BOX 2.2 The Invisible Present of New England Winters
37(1)
A Sense of Place
38(3)
Designing Experience
41(4)
3 Commons
45(32)
The Origins of Environmental Problems
45(5)
BOX 3.1 Property and Environment
48(2)
A Parable of the Commons
50(2)
Real Commons, Real Tragedies
52(1)
Coercion
53(2)
Uncertainty
55(3)
BOX 3.2 Commons and Inequality in the Mississippi Delta
56(2)
Institutional Solutions
58(1)
Privatization
59(2)
Regulation and Public Trust
61(3)
Communities
64(1)
Community-Based Governance
65(4)
BOX 3.3 Honor Code
68(1)
Tradition and Policy
69(1)
Responsibility, Mismatch, and Environmental Problems
70(3)
The Role of Ethics
73(4)
4 A World without Edges
77(23)
Disproportionality and the Shroud of Environmental Ignorance
77(1)
Thirty-Five Pounds of Guilt
78(2)
Outliers
80(1)
Is (That Much) Pollution Necessary?
80(4)
BOX 4.1 The Gini Coefficient: Measuring Inequality
81(3)
Jobs and Economy versus Environment?
84(3)
Crossing Scales
87(2)
Gilbert White: A "Stationary Man"
89(3)
Henry David Thoreau: Choosing to Be Stationary in an Industrializing World
92(2)
Don Gifford: An Urban Nomad
94(1)
The Illusion of Independence
95(1)
Disconnection and Collapse
96(4)
5 The Architecture of the Planet
100(27)
Climate, Life, and the Provinces of Nature
100(2)
Life, and an Apple
102(1)
Heat + Rotation = Weather
103(2)
Water, Sun, Weather
105(2)
Climates and Global Circulation
107(4)
Diverse Life
111(3)
BOX 5.1 Natural Selection: Joining Natural History to a Simple, Powerful Theory
113(1)
Biogeography and Diversity
114(7)
BOX 5.2 Darwin and Natural Theology
115(2)
BOX 5.3 Genetics and the Invisible Present
117(4)
The World Is Ecosystems
121(6)
BOX 5.4 Net Primary Productivity
122(5)
PART II GRAND CHALLENGES
6 `The Most Successful Species?
127(28)
Human Domination of Ecosystems
127(1)
Carnivores Are (Usually) Rare
127(3)
Rising to the Top of the Food Web
130(1)
Controlling the Food Supply, Changing the Land
131(4)
BOX 6.1 Agricultural Ecosystems
132(3)
Settlement, Society, Complexity
135(2)
Governments, Parasitic and Responsive
137(3)
Betting on Limits
140(3)
Ecosystem Services
143(6)
BOX 6.2 Ecological Footprints
145(4)
Are There Planetary-Scale Limits?
149(6)
BOX 6.3 A Warning? The Aral Sea
150(5)
7 Climate Change
155(36)
The Dilemma of Fossil Fuels in an Industrialized Economy
155(1)
Why Climate Matters
156(1)
The Greenhouse Effect
157(3)
Greenhouse Gases and Accounting for Carbon
160(2)
Global Warming
162(2)
A Warming World
164(5)
BOX 7.1 That Sinking Feeling
166(3)
Thaw
169(2)
Energy and the Control of Nature
171(5)
BOX 7.2 Energy and Prosperity
173(3)
Energy Sources
176(5)
Energy and the World without Edges
181(4)
BOX 7.3 Geology, Economics, and Politics
182(3)
Tackling the Grand Challenge of Climate Change
185(3)
International Treaties
188(3)
8 Humans and Their Habitats
191(34)
Population Growth and Urbanization
191(2)
The Demographic Transition
193(2)
Falling Death Rates and Population Growth
195(1)
Falling Birth Rates and Slowing Population Growth
196(2)
Where Is Population Headed?
198(6)
BOX 8.1 Age Structure and Social Change
202(2)
Urbanization, an Unrecognized Environmental Challenge
204(1)
Urban Growth
205(10)
BOX 8.2 What Is a City?
206(9)
Urbanization, Poverty, and the Environment
215(2)
Why Are Slums Growing So Fast?
217(2)
Transforming Nature While Relying on It
219(3)
BOX 8.3 Second Nature: An Excerpt from Nature's Metropolis
220(2)
Why Is Urbanization a Grand Challenge?
222(3)
9 Biological Diversity
225(33)
Salvaging the Wealth of Nature
225(4)
Why Does Biodiversity Matter?
229(1)
Pressure, State, Response---and Resilience
230(4)
BOX 9.1 Resilience and Ecosystem Function
233(1)
State: Where the Wild Things Are
234(1)
Endemism: "Stationary" Species
235(2)
An Invisible Present
237(3)
Pressure: The Sixth Great Extinction
240(3)
BOX 9.2 The Barcode of Life
241(2)
Direct Pressures
243(3)
Indirect Pressures
246(4)
Response: Significant Progress, but a Long Way to Go
250(8)
10 A Perspective on Sustainability
258(29)
The Situation of the "Most Successful" Species
258(2)
The Human Trajectory
260(2)
Population Is Stabilizing, but Urbanization Is Accelerating
262(2)
Economic Growth Is Continuing, but Poverty Persists
264(15)
BOX 10.1 Gross Domestic Product: Imperfect but Influential
265(4)
BOX 10.2 The Volunteer in the Cow Path
269(2)
BOX 10.3 Nature, Wealth, and Power
271(4)
BOX 10.4 Health and Wealth over Half a Century
275(4)
"The Scale of Our Competence"
279(8)
PART III STRATEGIES
11 Environmental Awareness
287(23)
The Emergence of Environmentalism
287(2)
The Land Ethic
289(2)
"A Thing Is Right..."
291(3)
Silent Spring
294(2)
Classical Environmentalism
296(4)
Environmentalists
300(1)
Science and Citizen-Based Activism
301(9)
BOX 11.1 Environmental Justice
304(6)
12 Collective Action
310(37)
Governing Commons
310(4)
BOX 12.1 Stealing the Commons from the Goose
312(2)
Legitimate Coercion
314(4)
BOX 12.2 Democracy
315(3)
Environmental Policy
318(5)
BOX 12.3 Pluralism and the Struggle of Groups
321(2)
Has Environmental Policy Worked?
323(1)
Environmental Politics
324(3)
BOX 12.4 Concentrated and Diffuse Interests
326(1)
Economic Benefits and Environmental Elitists
327(3)
Political Power and Limited Competence
330(3)
Organizing for Social Change
333(2)
Civil Society and Social Capital
335(2)
Creating Civil Society
337(2)
Philanthropy, Charity, and Investment
339(8)
BOX 12.5 Agents, Incentives, and Making a Difference
340(7)
13 Markets
347(25)
Coordinating Human Choices
347(1)
"A Low-Grade Chronic Infection"
347(2)
Prices and Choices
349(10)
BOX 13.1 Reasoning Graphically about Economic Choices
352(2)
BOX 13.2 The Magic of the Market
354(4)
BOX 13.2 Carbon Offsets
358(1)
Markets and Nature
359(3)
Getting Prices (Closer to) Right
362(10)
BOX 13.4 Valuing the Future
364(4)
BOX 13.5 Cap-and-Trade
368(4)
14 Addressing Affluence
372(30)
The Dilemma of Affluence
372(2)
Technology, Consumption, and Environmental Impact
374(2)
Technology and Magic
376(4)
BOX 14.1 Technological Change and the Judeo-Christian Tradition
377(3)
Recycling and Composting
380(2)
Redesign
382(4)
BOX 14.2 Industrial Ecology
384(2)
Dematerialization and Decarbonization---Can It Work?
386(4)
"We Have Met the Enemy..."
390(3)
Nonmaterial Needs
393(3)
BOX 14.3 Consumerism
394(2)
Responsible Consumption
396(3)
Environmentally Responsible Business
399(3)
15 Learning
402
Where We Have Traveled, How We Need to Press On
402(1)
A Parable: "Havasu"
402(4)
Sustainability Transition
406(8)
BOX 15.1 Environmental Kuznets Curves
411(3)
Desperate People Can Learn
414(2)
Civic Science
416(2)
Modes of Learning
418(6)
BOX 15.2 Linking Knowledge with Action
420(4)
Learning and Social Learning
424
BOX 15.3 "Only Connect": The Goals of a Liberal Education
426
Notes 1(8)
Glossary 9(6)
Credits 15(4)
Index 19
Kai N. Lee is Rosenburg Professor of Environmental Studies, emeritus, at Williams College, and program officer for science at the David and Lucile Packard Foundation. Kai was trained as an experimental physicist at Columbia and Princeton Universities. He taught environmental studies and political science at the University of Washington before going to Williams to direct its Center for Environmental Studies. In both institutions, he taught the introductory course in environmental studies that forms the basis of this book. Kai is the author of Compass and Gyroscope (Island, 1993), a book on adaptive management that has been widely used in graduate courses in environmental science. In his grant making at the Packard Foundation, Kai is developing related means of linking knowledge with action. He has served on more than a dozen committees of the National Research Council, advising government agencies on a range of policies where scientific issues play a critical role. He is currently vice-chair of the NRCs committee to advise the U.S. Global Change Research Program. Earlier in his career Kai was a White House Fellow and he represented Washington state on the Northwest Power Planning Council. William R. Freudenburg was Dehlsen Professor of Environmental Studies at the University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB), at the time of his death in 2010. He studied at the University of Nebraska, his native state, and at Yale University, earning a Ph.D. there in 1979. He held professorships at Washington State University and the University of Wisconsin before arriving in UCSB in 2002. Bill pursued scholarly interests in risk analysis and rural sociology, and he served as president of the Rural Sociology Society. A popular and devoted teacher, Bill was co-founder of the Association for Environmental Studies and Sciences. He was a prolific author, most recently as coauthor of two studies of the Gulf of Mexico coast,Catastrophe in the Making: The Engineering of Katrina and the Disasters of Tomorrow (Island Press, 2009) and Blowout in the Gulf: The BP Oil Spill Disaster and the Future of Energy in America (MIT Press, 2010). Richard B. Howarth is Professor of Environmental Studies at Dartmouth College and the Editor-in-Chief of Ecological Economics. After receiving an A.B. in Biology and Society from Cornell University in 1985, he pursued an M.S. in Land Resources at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (1987) and a Ph.D. from the Energy and Resources Program at the University of California, Berkeley (1990), where he specialized in the economics of natural resources and sustainable development. Prior to his arrival at Dartmouth in 1998, he held appointments with the Environmental Energy Technologies Division of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory and with the Environmental Studies Department at the University of California, Santa Cruz. He has published widely on topics that include theories of intergenerational fairness; the economics of energy efficiency; climate stabilization policy; the valuation and governance of ecosystem services; and the links between economic growth, environmental degradation, and human well-being.