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Hydraulic Engineering of Dams [Kietas viršelis]

(Laboratory of Hydraulics, Hydrology and Glaciology (VAW), Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zurich (ETH), Switzerland), , ,
  • Formatas: Hardback, 1080 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 2520 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415621534
  • ISBN-13: 9780415621533
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: Hardback, 1080 pages, aukštis x plotis: 246x174 mm, weight: 2520 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 06-Nov-2020
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 0415621534
  • ISBN-13: 9780415621533
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:

Hydraulic engineering of dams and their appurtenant structures counts among the essential tasks to successfully design safe water-retaining reservoirs for hydroelectric power generation, flood retention, and irrigation and water supply demands. In view of climate change, especially dams and reservoirs, among other water infrastructure, will and have to play an even more important role than in the past as part of necessary mitigation and adaptation measures to satisfy vital needs in water supply, renewable energy and food worldwide as expressed in the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations.

This book deals with the major hydraulic aspects of dam engineering considering recent developments in research and construction, namely overflow, conveyance and dissipations structures of spillways, river diversion facilities during construction, bottom and low-level outlets as well as intake structures. Furthermore, the book covers reservoir sedimentation, impulse waves and dambreak waves, which are relevant topics in view of sustainable and safe operation of reservoirs.

The book is richly illustrated with photographs, highlighting the various appurtenant structures of dams addressed in the book chapters, as well as figures and diagrams showing important relations among the governing parameters of a certain phenomenon. An extensive literature review along with an updated bibliography complete this book.

Recenzijos

This book is a significant extension of Dam Hydraulics by Daniel L. Vischer and Willi H. Hager with three experts replacing their retired teacher, tutor and colleague Professor Vischer, to whom this work is dedicated. Many new topics and extensive chapters on hydraulic engineering are included to reflect the new developments and findings from the last two decades. [ ]

These 11 chapters are all self-contained, with their own notation and extensive bibliographies for further reading next to the cited publications. Each chapter starts with beautiful and impressive photographs in colour and all illustrations in the book are well presented and uniformly formatted. The volume also includes extensive subject and author indices, so it is convenient to be used as a reference book, both to refresh old knowledge and to obtain new information. [ ] This well-written and comprehensive book is one of the few currently available on the market on dam hydraulics and engineering. It meets the needs of both academics and practising hydraulic engineers, with many useful case studies, design guidance and summaries of research findings.

[ ]

In summary, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date book on the hydraulic engineering of dams currently on the market. It is highly recommended to postgraduate students, researchers, academics and practising hydraulic engineers working on the design of the appurtenant structures of dams, as well as in related fields such as open channel flows and hydraulic structures. This book promises to be an inspiration for many current and future researchers and practitioners in hydraulics and hydraulic engineering.

Valentin Heller, Book review. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Water Management, https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00054

[ ] This book is the outcome of the wealth of experience and expertise of its authors, all of whom are eminent engineers, having been involved in hydraulics and hydraulic engineering of dams, encompassing design, research and experimentation at various stages.

The book is designed to cover all of the appurtenant structures of the dam such as spillways, inlet and outlet structures, conveyance and control structures and energy dissipation structures. Other allied issues such as air entrainment, cavitation and vibration, problems of intake like vortex formation and floating debris, gates and scour and deposition have been suitably connected to the main issues. Other topics such as diversion during construction, reservoir sedimentation and dam breaks and impulse waves have also been discussed.

[ ]

This 1000+ page volume is indeed a valuable addition to the current literature on dams and allied topics. It endeavours to achieve a state of completeness in terms of contents of the subject, aiming to bring in the latest and the most recent developments. Another feature is the exhaustive list of references and topic wise bibliography, which will prove to be helpful to all concerned, students, designers and practising engineers alike. Colour photographs of various dam structures in operation add beauty of the publication. [ ] No doubt, the book will continue for long to be an essential guide for all concerned with hydraulic engineering of dams.

R.M. Khatsuria, Book Review. ISH-NEWS (ISSN 0971-5002), The Indian Society for Hydraulics, Vol. 30 No. 1, July 2021, pp. 11-12. This book is a significant extension of Dam Hydraulics by Daniel L. Vischer and Willi H. Hager with three experts replacing their retired teacher, tutor and colleague Professor Vischer, to whom this work is dedicated. Many new topics and extensive chapters on hydraulic engineering are included to reflect the new developments and findings from the last two decades. [ ]

These 11 chapters are all self-contained, with their own notation and extensive bibliographies for further reading next to the cited publications. Each chapter starts with beautiful and impressive photographs in colour and all illustrations in the book are well presented and uniformly formatted. The volume also includes extensive subject and author indices, so it is convenient to be used as a reference book, both to refresh old knowledge and to obtain new information. [ ] This well-written and comprehensive book is one of the few currently available on the market on dam hydraulics and engineering. It meets the needs of both academics and practising hydraulic engineers, with many useful case studies, design guidance and summaries of research findings.

[ ]

In summary, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date book on the hydraulic engineering of dams currently on the market. It is highly recommended to postgraduate students, researchers, academics and practising hydraulic engineers working on the design of the appurtenant structures of dams, as well as in related fields such as open channel flows and hydraulic structures. This book promises to be an inspiration for many current and future researchers and practitioners in hydraulics and hydraulic engineering.

Valentin Heller, Book review. Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers Water Management, https://doi.org/10.1680/jwama.21.00054

[ ] This book is the outcome of the wealth of experience and expertise of its authors, all of whom are eminent engineers, having been involved in hydraulics and hydraulic engineering of dams, encompassing design, research and experimentation at various stages.

The book is designed to cover all of the appurtenant structures of the dam such as spillways, inlet and outlet structures, conveyance and control structures and energy dissipation structures. Other allied issues such as air entrainment, cavitation and vibration, problems of intake like vortex formation and floating debris, gates and scour and deposition have been suitably connected to the main issues. Other topics such as diversion during construction, reservoir sedimentation and dam breaks and impulse waves have also been discussed.

[ ]

This 1000+ page volume is indeed a valuable addition to the current literature on dams and allied topics. It endeavours to achieve a state of completeness in terms of contents of the subject, aiming to bring in the latest and the most recent developments. Another feature is the exhaustive list of references and topic wise bibliography, which will prove to be helpful to all concerned, students, designers and practising engineers alike. Colour photographs of various dam structures in operation add beauty of the publication. [ ] No doubt, the book will continue for long to be an essential guide for all concerned with hydraulic engineering of dams.

R.M. Khatsuria, Book Review. ISH-NEWS (ISSN 0971-5002), The Indian Society for Hydraulics, Vol. 30 No. 1, July 2021, pp. 11-12.

Preface xvi
Authors' CVs xviii
1 Introduction 1(18)
1.1 Definition and purposes of dams
1(1)
1.2 Worldwide importance of dams and reservoirs
2(4)
1.3 Historical overview and challenges of dam engineering
6(2)
1.4 Dams as critical water infrastructures
8(1)
1.5 Safe operation of dams and reservoirs through advanced dam safety concepts: example of Switzerland
8(3)
1.6 Appurtenant structures of dams
11(3)
1.6.1 Overview
11(1)
1.6.2 Spillways including overflow and dissipation structures
11(1)
1.6.3 Bottom outlets
12(1)
1.6.4 Intakes
13(1)
1.6.5 River diversion
13(1)
1.7 Hydraulic engineering of dams: structure of the book
14(1)
References
15(4)
2 Frontal crest overflow 19(76)
2.1 Introduction
19(9)
2.1.1 Overflow structures
19(4)
2.1.2 Overflow types
23(4)
2.1.3 Significance of overflow structure
27(1)
2.2 Frontal overflow
28(16)
2.2.1 Crest shapes and standard crest
28(4)
2.2.2 Free surface profile and discharge characteristics
32(2)
2.2.3 Bottom pressure characteristics
34(1)
2.2.4 Velocity distribution
35(2)
2.2.5 Cavitation design
37(1)
2.2.6 Crest piers
38(2)
2.2.7 Overflow crest gates
40(4)
2.3 Additional weir effects
44(23)
2.3.1 Influence of weir face slopes
44(9)
2.3.2 Embankment weir
53(14)
2.4 Scale effects
67(14)
2.4.1 Real fluid effects in weir flow
67(3)
2.4.2 Boundary layer development
70(5)
2.4.3 Discharge coefficient
75(3)
2.4.4 Round-crested weir flow analogy
78(3)
Notation
81(3)
References
84(4)
Bibliography
88(7)
3 Spatial crest overflow 95(90)
3.1 Introduction
95(1)
3.2 Side channel
96(21)
3.2.1 Typology
96(3)
3.2.2 Hydraulic design
99(2)
3.2.3 Spatial flow features
101(2)
3.2.4 Examples of physical model studies
103(14)
3.3 Morning glory overfall
117(19)
3.3.1 Hydraulic concept
117(3)
3.3.2 Crest shape
120(2)
3.3.3 Discharge and pressure characteristics
122(1)
3.3.4 Vertical shaft structure
123(2)
3.3.5 Shaft air supply
125(3)
3.3.6 Case study
128(8)
3.4 Labyrinth weir
136(12)
3.4.1 Historical evolution
136(8)
3.4.2 Design criteria
144(4)
3.5 Piano key weir
148(17)
3.5.1 Historical evolution
148(2)
3.5.2 PKW types and notation
150(1)
3.5.3 Rating curve
151(6)
3.5.4 Further design aspects
157(4)
3.5.5 Downstream toe scour on riverbed
161(3)
3.5.6 Upstream riverbed
164(1)
3.6 Siphon
165(5)
3.6.1 Description
165(1)
3.6.2 Black-water siphon
166(2)
3.6.3 White-water siphon
168(2)
Notation
170(4)
References
174(6)
Bibliography
180(5)
4 Spillway chute 185(162)
4.1 Introduction
185(1)
4.2 Smooth chute
186(36)
4.2.1 Hydraulic design
186(2)
4.2.2 Surface air entrainment
188(13)
4.2.3 Development of aerated chute flow
201(8)
4.2.4 Spacing of chute aerators
209(4)
4.2.5 Air transport phenomena
213(9)
4.3 Uniform-aerated chute flow
222(7)
4.3.1 Experimental approach
222(7)
4.4 Chute aerator
229(25)
4.4.1 Motivation and historical development
229(2)
4.4.2 Cavitation potential
231(2)
4.4.3 Cavitation protection
233(2)
4.4.4 Aerator geometry and air supply system
235(4)
4.4.5 Air transport downstream of aerator
239(5)
4.4.6 Jet length and air entrainment coefficient
244(1)
4.4.7 Downstream air concentration development
245(2)
4.4.8 Effect of pre-aerated approach flow
247(2)
4.4.9 Steep deflectors and cavity sub-pressure
249(3)
4.4.10 Design procedure
252(2)
4.5 Shock waves
254(15)
4.5.1 Introduction
254(4)
4.5.2 Chute expansion
258(2)
4.5.3 Chute bend
260(5)
4.5.4 Chute contraction
265(4)
4.6 Roll waves
269(8)
4.6.1 Definition and early advances
269(5)
4.6.2 Advances from Montuori
274(3)
4.7 Stepped chute
277(42)
4.7.1 Introduction
277(3)
4.7.2 Main application
280(4)
4.7.3 General considerations
284(11)
4.7.4 Hydraulic design
295(24)
Notation
319(5)
References
324(13)
Bibliography
337(10)
5 Dissipation structures 347(60)
5.1 Introduction
347(3)
5.2 Hydraulic jump
350(19)
5.2.1 Classical hydraulic jump
350(4)
5.2.2 Hydraulic approach
354(7)
5.2.3 Undular hydraulic jump
361(8)
5.3 Stilling basins
369(12)
5.3.1 General
369(1)
5.3.2 Baffle-sill basin
369(3)
5.3.3 Baffle-block basin
372(1)
5.3.4 Abruptly expanding stilling basin
373(4)
5.3.5 Slotted-bucket stilling basin
377(1)
5.3.6 Basin characteristics
377(4)
5.4 Drop structures
381(3)
5.4.1 Basic flow features
381(1)
5.4.2 Drop impact structures
382(1)
5.4.3 Scour characteristics at unlined drop structures
382(2)
5.5 Free fall outlets
384(5)
5.5.1 Introduction
384(1)
5.5.2 Jet trajectory
385(2)
5.5.3 Jet impact
387(2)
Notation
389(3)
References
392(2)
Bibliography
394(13)
6 Ski jump and plunge pool 407(140)
6.1 Introduction
407(1)
6.2 Ski jump
408(34)
6.2.1 Description of structure and takeoff
408(3)
6.2.2 Jet trajectory and disintegration
411(4)
6.2.3 Bucket pressure, energy dissipation and choking features
415(7)
6.2.4 Ski jump with triangular bucket
422(10)
6.2.5 Air entrainment in ski jump jets
432(8)
6.2.6 Generalized jet air concentration features
440(2)
6.3 Flip bucket
442(9)
6.3.1 Types of bucket geometries
442(4)
6.3.2 Horizontal triangular-shaped flip bucket
446(5)
6.4 Granular scour
451(47)
6.4.1 Granular scour and assessment methods
451(2)
6.4.2 Effect of jet air content
453(8)
6.4.3 Hydraulics of plane plunge pool scour
461(12)
6.4.4 Hydraulics of spatial plunge pool scour
473(10)
6.4.5 3D Flow features in plunge pool
483(7)
6.4.6 Temporal evolution of spatial plunge pool scour
490(8)
6.5 Rock scour
498(27)
6.5.1 Introduction and challenges
498(3)
6.5.2 Comprehensive scour method
501(8)
6.5.3 CSM with active jet air entrainment
509(3)
6.5.4 Difficulties in estimating scour depth
512(4)
6.5.5 Measures for scour control
516(5)
6.5.6 Case study: Kariba Dam scour hole
521(4)
Notation
525(7)
References
532(6)
Bibliography
538(9)
7 River diversion structures 547(74)
7.1 Introduction
547(2)
7.2 Diversion tunnel
549(23)
7.2.1 Introduction
549(1)
7.2.2 Inlet flow
550(1)
7.2.3 Tunnel flow
551(5)
7.2.4 Choking flow
556(4)
7.2.5 Outlet structure
560(1)
7.2.6 Erosion protection at tunnel outlet
561(6)
7.2.7 Surface protection of cofferdams
567(5)
7.3 River diversion
572(3)
7.3.1 Effect of constriction
572(1)
7.3.2 Transitional flow
573(1)
7.3.3 Subcritical flow
574(1)
7.4 Culvert
575(5)
7.4.1 Introduction
575(4)
7.4.2 Hydraulic design
579(1)
7.5 Pier and abutment scour
580(25)
7.5.1 Introduction
580(2)
7.5.2 Experimental setup
582(1)
7.5.3 Scour depth equation
583(3)
7.5.4 Limitations and further results
586(2)
7.5.5 Effect of flood wave
588(6)
7.5.6 Protection against scour using riprap
594(11)
Notation
605(3)
References
608(3)
Bibliography
611(10)
8 Intakes and outlets 621(116)
8.1 Introduction
621(2)
8.2 High submergence intakes
623(5)
8.2.1 Design principles
623(1)
8.2.2 Orifice flow
624(2)
8.2.3 Inlet geometry
626(2)
8.3 Low submergence intakes
628(13)
8.3.1 Vortex flow
628(2)
8.3.2 Vertical intake vortex
630(2)
8.3.3 Limit or critical intake submergence
632(2)
8.3.4 Air entrainment
634(5)
8.3.5 Design recommendations
639(2)
8.4 Practical aspects
641(3)
8.4.1 Floating debris and trash-rack vibrations
641(3)
8.4.2 Emergency gate closure
644(1)
8.5 Gate flow
644(28)
8.5.1 Introduction
644(2)
8.5.2 Vertical planar gate flow
646(9)
8.5.3 Hinged sloping flap gate
655(7)
8.5.4 Hydraulics of standard vertical gate
662(10)
8.6 Low-level outlet
672(43)
8.6.1 Design principles
672(4)
8.6.2 Gate types
676(4)
8.6.3 Gate vibrations
680(2)
8.6.4 Hydraulics of high-head gates
682(2)
8.6.5 Cavitation and cavitation damage
684(6)
8.6.6 Passive and active air entrainment
690(3)
8.6.7 Interaction of water flow and air entrainment
693(9)
8.6.8 Recent experimentation on air demand
702(13)
Notation
715(5)
References
720(7)
Bibliography
727(10)
9 Reservoir sedimentation 737(80)
9.1 Involved processes and sustainable reservoir use
737(1)
9.2 Sedimentation rate and sediment distribution
738(2)
9.3 Evolution of knowledge and management competence
740(1)
9.4 Measures against reservoir sedimentation
741(17)
9.4.1 Overview
741(2)
9.4.2 Measures in catchment area
743(2)
9.4.3 Measures in reservoir
745(10)
9.4.4 Measures at dam
755(3)
9.5 Sediment bypass tunnel
758(24)
9.5.1 General
758(3)
9.5.2 Suitable bypassing discharge and target sediment granulometry
761(1)
9.5.3 Hydraulic design
762(5)
9.5.4 Hydro-abrasion processes
767(2)
9.5.5 Bed load particle motion dynamics
769(1)
9.5.6 Mechanistic abrasion model
770(2)
9.5.7 Lining material
772(1)
9.5.8 Design of tunnel invert lining
773(4)
9.5.9 Tunnel operation, maintenance, and rehabilitation
777(3)
9.5.10 Instrumentation and monitoring techniques
780(1)
9.5.11 Ecological impacts of SBT operation
780(2)
9.6 Turbidity currents
782(13)
9.6.1 Definition
782(2)
9.6.2 Plunge point and equilibrium flow
784(3)
9.6.3 Flow over obstacle
787(2)
9.6.4 Flow across screen
789(2)
9.6.5 Control by opposing jets
791(4)
9.6.6 Intrusion
795(1)
9.7 Sedimentation control
795(4)
9.7.1 Turbulent suspension
795(2)
9.7.2 Recommendations on turbidity current venting
797(2)
9.7.3 Sediment flushing
799(1)
9.7.4 Selection of reservoir geometry and locations of inlets and outlets
799(1)
9.8 Secondary hydraulic effects
799(4)
9.8.1 Upstream river
799(1)
9.8.2 Downstream river
800(3)
9.8.3 Replenishment or disposal of sediments
803(1)
Notation
803(3)
References
806(8)
Bibliography
814(3)
10 Impulse waves in reservoirs 817(126)
10.1 Introduction
817(1)
10.2 Fundamental approaches
818(13)
10.2.1 Wave theories and impulse waves
818(2)
10.2.2 Wave generation by moving wedge
820(2)
10.2.3 Wave generation by falling mass
822(2)
10.2.4 Wave run-up and overtopping features
824(7)
10.3 2D impulse wave generation and propagation
831(17)
10.3.1 Review of research activities
831(1)
10.3.2 Experimentation
832(3)
10.3.3 Experimental results
835(13)
10.4 Impulse wave types
848(13)
10.4.1 Motivation and experimentation
848(2)
10.4.2 Experimental results and discussion
850(8)
10.4.3 Shortcut on nonlinear wave theories
858(3)
10.5 Transformation of solitary wave to overland flow
861(18)
10.5.1 Motivation and experimentation
861(5)
10.5.2 Plane wave run-up
866(2)
10.5.3 Plane overland flow
868(11)
10.6 Underwater deposition features
879(7)
10.6.1 Motivation and data basis
879(2)
10.6.2 Test results
881(5)
10.7 Rigid dam overtopping
886(9)
10.7.1 Motivation and experimentation
886(3)
10.7.2 Overtopping processes
889(1)
10.7.3 Experimental results
890(5)
10.8 Erodable dam overtopping
895(17)
10.8.1 Motivation and literature review
895(3)
10.8.2 Experimental program
898(5)
10.8.3 Experimental results
903(7)
10.8.4 Discussion of results
910(2)
10.9 Spatial impulse waves
912(15)
10.9.1 Motivation
912(1)
10.9.2 Experimental setup
913(3)
10.9.3 Process description
916(5)
10.9.4 Experimental results
921(3)
10.9.5 Discussion of results
924(3)
10.9.6 Relevance for practice
927(1)
Notation
927(4)
References
931(8)
Bibliography
939(4)
11 Dam breach 943(93)
11.1 Introduction
943(2)
11.2 Empirical breach data
945(6)
11.2.1 Breach characteristics and examples
945(3)
11.2.2 Breach characteristics and temporal breach development
948(3)
11.3 Progressive 2D breach
951(29)
11.3.1 Introduction
951(2)
11.3.2 Hydraulic modeling
953(7)
11.3.3 Normalized results
960(8)
11.3.4 Generalized approach
968(12)
11.4 Fuse plug
980(14)
11.4.1 Main features
980(4)
11.4.2 Case study
984(10)
11.5 Instantaneous 2D breach
994(27)
11.5.1 De Saint-Venant equations
994(2)
11.5.2 Ritter's solution
996(2)
11.5.3 Dressler's asymptotic solution
998(1)
11.5.4 Pohle's 2D approach
999(3)
11.5.5 Hunt's asymptotic solution
1002(1)
11.5.6 Front treatment
1003(3)
11.5.7 Experimental approach
1006(14)
11.5.8 Dam-break waves for silted-up reservoirs
1020(1)
Notation
1021(3)
References
1024(3)
Bibliography
1027(9)
Subject Index 1036(18)
Author Index 1054
Willi H. Hager, Anton J. Schleiss, Robert M. Boes, Michael Pfister