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El. knyga: Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Harms Study Group Treatment Guide

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  • Formatas: 364 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638536413
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Harms Study Group Treatment GuideDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 364 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 10-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: Thieme Medical Publishers Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781638536413
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The definitive practical reference on managing idiopathic scoliosis from world-renowned experts

Idiopathic Scoliosis: The Harms Study Group Treatment Guide, Second Edition, edited by Peter O. Newton, Amer F. Samdani, Harry L. Shufflebarger, Randal R. Betz, and Jürgen Harms and written by an impressive group of experts reflects treatment advances made in the last decade. Greater understanding of the etiology and improved 3D anatomy has resulted in significant strides in clinical management of scoliosis. This richly illustrated book presents all facets of evaluation and treatment of abnormal curvature of the spine, supported by a solid foundation of evidence-based data culled from the prestigious Harms Study Group.

Divided into four sections and 31 chapters, this one-stop reference encompasses the full spectrum of surgical and nonoperative interventions—from early treatments to modern novel growth modulation techniques. In this second edition, each chapter has been updated and several new ones have been added, reflecting current literature, practice, and expert perspective. Throughout the book, masters share clinical pearls and firsthand knowledge on managing diverse types of adolescent idiopathic spinal deformity, with the common goal of improved patient outcomes.

Key Highlights

  • Innovative topics include teamwork and safety in spine surgery, halo traction for large curves, anterior growth modulation, intraoperative neuromonitoring, and kyphosis restoration in scoliosis surgery
  • Surgical chapters follow a consistent layout, encompassing rationales, techniques, and outcomes
  • Postoperative chapters feature discussion of long-term clinical and radiographic outcomes, infections, complications, and rapid post-op recovery
  • A wealth of illustrations enhance the reader's knowledge of specific techniques

This comprehensive textbook is essential reading for orthopaedic and neurosurgical residents, fellows, and researchers. Young spine surgeons embarking on their careers and senior surgeons who wish to remain up-to-date on new techniques for treating adolescent idiopathic scoliosis will also benefit from this illuminating resource.

This book includes complimentary access to a digital copy on https://medone.thieme.com.

Foreword xviii
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xx
Contributors xxi
Section I Evaluation and Management
Editors: Patrick J. Cahill and Randal R. Betz
1 History of Scoliosis Treatment
2(9)
Dainn Woo
Thomas J. Errico
Harry L. Shufflebarger
1.1 Introduction
2(1)
1.2 Lewis Sayre, the Father of Orthopaedics
2(1)
1.3 Operative Treatment
3(1)
1.4 Russell A. Hibbs and Frederick H. Albee
3(1)
1.5 John Robert Cobb and the Cobb Angle for Scoliosis
3(1)
1.6 Fusion, Casting, and Prolonged Bedrest
4(1)
1.7 Paul R. Harrington
4(1)
1.8 Allen F. Dwyer and Anterior Instrumentation
4(1)
1.9 Zielke Instrumentation Anterior Surgery
5(1)
1.10 Kostuik-Harrington Anterior Instrumentation Utilizing Harrington Screws
5(1)
1.11 Luque Segmental Fixation
5(1)
1.12 Cotrel-Dubousset Instrumentation and 3D Concepts of AIS
6(1)
1.13 History of Pedicle Screws and Plates: King, Boucher, Roy-Camille
6(1)
1.14 Polyaxial Screws in Spine Surgery
7(1)
1.15 Segmental Application of Polyaxial Screw Constructs
7(1)
1.16 Suk and Harms Thoracic Screws in Deformity
7(1)
1.17 Spinal Instrumentation: Rods
7(1)
1.18 Scoliosis Classification Systems
7(1)
1.19 Osteotomies for Kyphosis and Scoliosis
8(1)
1.19.1 Thoracoplasty for Rib Prominence
8(1)
1.20 3D Understanding of Scoliosis and the Future
8(1)
1.21 History of Collaborative Research in Scoliosis
8(1)
1.22 Tips/Pearls
9(2)
2 Etiological Theories of Idiopathic Scoliosis
11(18)
Rene M. Castelein
Jack C.Y. Cheng
2.1 Introduction
11(1)
2.2 Biomechanics of the Upright Human Spine as Related to the Sagittal Profile, Dorsal Shear Loads
11(6)
2.2.1 Evolution of the Human Pelvis, Pelvic Lordosis
11(1)
2.2.2 Dorsal Shear Loads Acting on the Human Spine
12(1)
2.2.3 Differences in Sagittal Spinal Alignment
13(1)
2.2.4 Preexistent Rotation of the Nonscoliotic Spine
14(3)
2.3 Animal Models
17(1)
2.3.1 Quadrupedal Animal Models
17(1)
2.3.2 Bipedal Animal Models
17(1)
2.3.3 Genetic Animal Models
18(1)
2.3.4 Human Model
18(1)
2.4 The Role of the Intervertebral Disc
18(1)
2.5 Current Understanding of Genetics in AIS
19(1)
2.5.1 Genome-Wide Association Studies
19(1)
2.5.2 Differential Roles of Genetics and Environment Factors in Initiation/Progression of Deformity
19(1)
2.5.3 Clinical Implications
20(1)
2.5.4 Future Trends of Genetic Studies
20(1)
2.6 Bone Growth and Metabolism in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
20(3)
2.6.1 Abnormal Skeletal Growth
21(1)
2.6.2 Body Composition and Metabolic Dysfunction
21(1)
2.6.3 Low Bone Mineral Density, Abnormal Bone Structure and Qualities
21(1)
2.6.4 Abnormal Bone Turnover and Bone Cells Activity
21(1)
2.6.5 Lifestyle Factors Associated with Low BMD and Poor Bone Quality
22(1)
2.6.6 Bone Mass and Bone Qualities as Prognostic Factors of Curve Progression?
22(1)
2.6.7 Potential Clinical Intervention and Lifestyle Modification Targeting Bone Health that Might Affect the Curve Progression in Early AIS
22(1)
2.7 Central Nervous System
23(2)
2.7.1 Neurophysiological Dysfunction
24(1)
2.7.2 Neuromorphological Changes (MRI-Based Studies)
24(1)
2.8 Discussion
25(1)
2.9 Tips/Pearls
25(4)
3 Prevalence and Natural History
29(6)
Kenny Kwan
Kenneth M.C. Cheung
3.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2 School Screening
29(1)
3.2.1 Prevalence According to Genetic Factors
29(1)
3.2.2 Prevalence by Age
29(1)
3.2.3 Prevalence by Gender
30(1)
3.2.4 Prevalence by Curves
30(1)
3.3 Natural History
30(1)
3.4 Curve Progression
31(1)
3.4.1 Curve Characteristics
31(1)
3.4.2 Stage of Skeletal Growth
31(1)
3.5 Back Pain
31(1)
3.6 Cardiopulmonary Function
32(1)
3.7 Psychosocial Issues and Cosmesis
32(1)
3.8 Future Insights into the Natural History of Scoliosis
33(1)
3.9 Tips/Pearls
33(2)
4 Clinical and Radiographic Evaluation of Patients with Scoliosis
35(15)
Alvin H. Crawford
Patrick J. Cahill
Jason B. Anari
4.1 Introduction
35(1)
4.2 History and Clinical Presentation
35(1)
4.3 Physical Examination
35(3)
4.4 Radiographic Evaluation
38(7)
4.5 Assessment of Skeletal Maturity
45(1)
4.6 Conclusion
46(1)
4.7 Tips/Pearls
46(4)
5 Nonoperative Management of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
50(12)
Michael G. Vitale
Benjamin D. Roye
5.1 Introduction
50(1)
5.2 Screening
50(1)
5.3 History of Bracing
51(1)
5.4 Types of Braces
51(1)
5.5 Evidence for Bracing
52(1)
5.6 BrAIST and Factors Impacting Brace Success
53(4)
5.6.1 Factors Impacting Brace Effectiveness
54(1)
5.6.2 Psychosocial Effects of Bracing
55(2)
5.7 The Authors' Recommended Treatment Method
57(1)
5.8 Bracing
57(1)
5.9 Conclusion and Future Directions
58(1)
5.10 Tips/Pearls
58(4)
6 Classification of Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis for Surgical Intervention
62(12)
Joseph M. Lombardi
Lawrence G. Lenke
6.1 Introduction
62(1)
6.2 Classification
62(10)
6.2.1 Historical Perspective
62(1)
6.2.2 King Classification
62(1)
6.2.3 Lenke Classification
63(8)
6.2.4 SRS Three-Dimensional Classification System
71(1)
6.3 Conclusion
72(1)
6.4 Tips/Pearls
72(2)
7 Biomechanics and Correction of Scoliosis
74(9)
Carl-Eric Aubin
David W. Polly Jr
7.1 Introduction: Three-Dimensional Morphology of Scoliosis and Spine Biomechanics
74(1)
7.2 Deformity Correction Mechanics
74(2)
7.3 Growth Modulation Instrumentation Mechanics
76(1)
7.4 Multisegmental Correction Mechanics and Failure Modes
77(1)
7.5 Bone Implant Interface Failure Mode (Pullout and Nonaxial Loads)
78(1)
7.6 Long-Term Failure (Cyclic Loading)
79(1)
7.7 Complex Deformity Correction Problems (Proximal Junctional Kyphosis and Proximal Junctional Failure)
79(1)
7.8 Conclusion
80(1)
7.9 Tips/Pearls
80(3)
8 Benefits of Teams and Teamwork in Spine Surgery Quality, Safety, and Value
83(10)
Kevin Wang
Michael G. Vitale
Elle MacAlpine
John M. Flynn
8.1 Introduction
83(1)
8.2 Communication
83(1)
8.3 Building Safety and Belonging
84(1)
8.4 Team of Teams: Creating Shared Consciousness and Purpose
84(1)
8.5 A Tale of Two Team Building Efforts: Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Children's Hospital of New York
85(4)
8.5.1 The CHOP Experience: The Value of Dedicated Surgical Teams: Bringing NASA and NASCAR Wisdom to Your Spine Operating Room
85(2)
8.5.2 Improving Throughput at Children's Hospital of New York: Leveraging a Comprehensive Unit-Based Safety Program
87(2)
8.6 Tips/Pearls
89(4)
9 Clinical Implications of Three-Dimensional Analysis
93(9)
T. Barrett Sullivan
Peter O. Newton
9.1 Introduction
93(1)
9.2 History of Radiographic Analysis
93(1)
9.3 Three-Dimensional Reference Plane Definitions
94(5)
9.3.1 Corona! Plane
95(1)
9.3.2 Sagittal Plane
95(1)
9.3.3 Transverse or Axial Plane
95(1)
9.3.4 Plane of Maximum Curvature
96(1)
9.3.5 The Role of MRI and CT Imaging in AIS
96(1)
9.3.6 Synchronized Biplanar Radiographic 3D Reconstruction
96(3)
9.4 2D Radiograph to 3D Measurement Conversion Techniques
99(1)
9.5 Conclusion
99(1)
9.6 Tips/Pearls
99(3)
Section II Surgical Considerations
Editors: Burt Yaszay, Firoz Miyanji, and Harry L. Shufflebarger
10 Selective versus Nonselective Fusion for Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
102(12)
Daniel J. Sucato
10.1 Introduction
102(1)
10.2 Indications and Criteria
102(2)
10.3 Technical Aspects for Successful Selective Fusion
104(4)
10.3.1 Selection of Fusion Levels
104(4)
10.4 Correction Mechanics and Desired Correction
108(1)
10.4.1 Selective Thoracic Fusion
108(1)
10.5 Outcomes Following Selective Fusion
108(2)
10.6 Complications
110(1)
10.7 Conclusion
111(1)
10.8 Tips/Pearls
112(2)
11 Selection of Fusion Levels
114(17)
Steven W. Hwang
Amer F. Samdani
David H. Clements III
11.1 Background/Historic Context
114(1)
11.2 History and Physical Examination
114(1)
11.3 Radiographic Evaluation
114(1)
11.4 Operative Algorithm/Goals
115(1)
11.5 Anterior Spinal Fusion Level Selection
115(1)
11.6 Posterior Spinal Fusion Level Selection
115(1)
11.7 UIV Selection in Posterior Fusions
116(1)
11.7.1 Upper Thoracic and Main Thoracic UIV
116(1)
11.7.2 Thoracolumbar Upper Instrumented Vertebra
116(1)
11.8 LIV Selection in Posterior Fusions
117(2)
11.8.1 Main Thoracic Lower Instrumented Vertebra
117(1)
11.8.2 Thoracolumbar Lower Instrumented Vertebra
118(1)
11.9 Detailed Discussion of Lenke Curve Types
119(6)
11.9.1 Type 1: Main Thoracic Curves
119(1)
11.9.2 Type 2: Double Thoracic Curves
119(1)
11.9.3 Type 3: Double Major Curves
119(1)
11.9.4 Type 4: Triple Major Curves
119(1)
11.9.5 Type 5: Thoracolumbar/Lumbar Curves
119(6)
11.9.6 Type 6: Thoracolumbar/Lumbar Main Thoracic Curves
125(1)
11.10 Other Considerations
125(1)
11.11 Conclusion
126(1)
11.12 Tips/Pearls
127(4)
12 Posterior Correction Techniques in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
131(11)
Suken A. Shah
David H. Clements III
12.1 Introduction
131(1)
12.2 Implant Properties
131(1)
12.3 Other Rod Materials
132(1)
12.4 Correction Maneuvers
132(4)
12.4.1 Compression-Distraction
132(1)
12.4.2 Rod Derotation Maneuver
132(1)
12.4.3 In Situ Contouring
133(1)
12.4.4 Coronal and Sagittal Translation
133(1)
12.4.5 En Bloc Vertebral Derotation
134(1)
12.4.6 Segmental Vertebral Derotation
134(1)
12.4.7 Derotation via Differential Rod Contouring
134(1)
12.4.8 Cantilever Technique
134(1)
12.4.9 Traction
135(1)
12.4.10 Temporary Working Rods
135(1)
12.5 The Authors' Preferred Technique of Correction in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
136(1)
12.6 En Bloc Spinal Derotation Technique
137(1)
12.7 Segmental Spinal Derotation Technique with Two Rods
138(1)
12.8 The Authors' Preferred Technique for Reducing Spinal Deformity
139(1)
12.9 Conclusion
140(1)
12.10 Tips/Pearls
140(2)
13 Halo Traction in Large Idiopathic Scoliotic Curves
142(7)
Walter Klyce
Paul D. Sponseller
13.1 Introduction
142(1)
13.2 Traction: The Risks and Benefits
142(1)
13.3 Preferred Methods of Preoperative Traction
143(2)
13.3.1 Halo-Femoral Traction
144(1)
13.3.2 Halo-Gravity Traction
144(1)
13.4 Complications and Contraindications
145(2)
13.5 Tips/Pearls
147(2)
14 Indications and Techniques for Anterior Release and Fusion
149(12)
Keith Bachmann
Peter O. Newton
14.1 Introduction
149(1)
14.2 History and Evolution of Anterior Approaches
149(1)
14.3 Complications
150(1)
14.4 Pulmonary Function
151(1)
14.5 Modern Approach
152(3)
14.6 Crankshaft
155(1)
14.7 Lack of Posterior Elements/Neuromuscular Scoliosis
155(1)
14.8 Techniques
156(1)
14.9 Thoracotomy
156(1)
14.10 Thoracoscopy
157(1)
14.11 Thoracoabdominal Approach
158(1)
14.12 Conclusion
158(1)
14.13 Tips/Pearls
159(2)
15 Posterior Releases: Pontes and Three-Column Osteotomies
161(10)
Michael P. Kelly
Ronald A. Lehman Jr
Munish C. Gupta
15.1 Introduction
161(1)
15.2 Classification and History
161(4)
15.2.1 Classification of Posterior-Based Osteotomies
161(1)
15.2.2 History of Posterior Column Osteotomies (Schwab Type 2/Ponte/Smith-Petersen)
161(2)
15.2.3 Pedicle Subtraction Osteotomies (Type 3/4)
163(1)
15.2.4 Vertebral Column Resections (Type 5/6)
164(1)
15.3 Surgical Techniques
165(2)
15.3.1 Posterior Column Osteotomies/Schwab Type 2
165(2)
15.4 Complications
167(2)
15.4.1 Posterior Column Osteotomy/Schwab Type 2
167(1)
15.4.2 Three-Column Osteotomy/Schwab Types 3, 4, 5, and 6
167(2)
15.5 Conclusion
169(1)
15.6 Tips/Pearls
169(2)
16 Surgical Treatment of the Right Thoracic Curve Pattern
171(16)
Peter O. Newton
Vidyadhar V. Upasani
16.1 Introduction
171(1)
16.2 Deformity Classification
171(4)
16.2.1 Three-Dimensional Analysis of the MT Curve
172(3)
16.3 Decisions Relating to Surgical Treatment
175(7)
16.3.1 Is a Surgically Instrumented Fusion Indicated?
175(1)
16.3.2 The Inclusion of Minor Curves in the Fusion
175(4)
16.3.3 To What Extent Should the Thoracic Curve Be Corrected for Ideal Balance?
179(1)
16.3.4 What Levels Should Be Included in the Fusion?
179(1)
16.3.5 What Is the Best Approach?
180(1)
16.3.6 When Is an Anterior Release Indicated?
180(2)
16.4 Surgical Techniques
182(2)
16.4.1 Posterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion
182(1)
16.4.2 Open Anterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion
182(1)
16.4.3 Thoracoscopic Anterior Spinal Instrumentation and Fusion
182(2)
16.5 Summary of Treatment
184(1)
16.5.1 Recommendations for Lenke Type 1AR Curves
184(1)
16.5.2 Lenke Type 1AL/1B Curves
184(1)
16.5.3 Lenke Type 1C Curves
184(1)
16.6 Conclusion
184(1)
16.7 Tips/Pearls
185(2)
17 Assessment and Management of Shoulder Balance
187(11)
Joshua M. Pahys
Mark F. Abel
Lawrence G. Lenke
17.1 Introduction
187(1)
17.2 History and Relevance of Shoulder Balance
187(1)
17.2.1 Shoulder Balance in Normal Adolescents
187(1)
17.2.2 Relationship of Shoulder Balance with Outcome Scores
187(1)
17.3 Assessment of Shoulder Balance
188(3)
17.3.1 Clinical Evaluation of Shoulder Balance
188(1)
17.3.2 Radiographic Evaluation of Shoulder Balance
189(1)
17.3.3 Authors' Recommendation
190(1)
17.3.4 Relationship of Clinical and Radiographic Shoulder Balance
190(1)
17.4 Curve Patterns/Factors Associated with Shoulder Imbalance
191(1)
17.4.1 Magnitude and Flexibility of the Proximal Thoracic Curve
191(1)
17.4.2 Preoperative Shoulder Imbalance
191(1)
17.4.3 Authors' Recommendation
192(1)
17.5 Strategies to Achieve/Correct Shoulder Balance
192(2)
17.5.1 Upper Instrumented Vertebra Selection
192(1)
17.5.2 Technique for Deformity Correction and Impact on Shoulder Balance
193(1)
17.5.3 Relationship of Proximal Thoracic to Main Thoracic Correction
193(1)
17.5.4 Intraoperative Shoulder Balance Assessment
194(1)
17.5.5 Authors' Recommendation
194(1)
17.6 Postoperative Shoulder Balance
194(1)
17.6.1 Postoperative Changes in Alignment
194(1)
17.6.2 Patient-Reported Outcomes with Shoulder Imbalance
194(1)
17.7 Conclusion
195(1)
17.8 Tips/Pearls
196(2)
18 Surgical Treatment of Lumbar and Thoracolumbar Curve Patterns (Lenke V)
198(5)
Stephen G. George
Firoz Miyanji
Harry L. Shufflebarger
18.1 Introduction
198(1)
18.2 Level Selection and Surgical Technique
198(2)
18.2.1 Upper and Lower Instrumented Vertebrae
198(1)
18.2.2 When Does Lenke 5 Become 6?
199(1)
18.2.3 Ponte Osteotomy in Lenke 5 Curves
199(1)
18.2.4 Correction Techniques in Lenke 5 Curves
199(1)
18.2.5 Outcomes in Lenke 5 Curves
200(1)
18.3 Discussion
200(2)
18.4 Tips/Pearls
202(1)
19 The Surgical Treatment of Double and Triple Curves (Lenke Types 3, 4, and 6)
203(8)
Umesh S. Metkar
Garrett R. Leonard
William F. Lavelle
Burt Yaszay
Baron S. Lonner
19.1 Introduction
203(1)
19.2 Curve Definitions
203(1)
19.3 Treatment Principles
204(1)
19.4 Recent Trends in the Surgical Decision- Making Process
205(3)
19.5 Surgical Approaches
208(1)
19.6 Conclusion
208(1)
19.7 Tips/Pearls
208(3)
20 Thoracoplasty
211(5)
Harry L. Shufflebarger
Stephen G. George
20.1 Introduction
211(1)
20.2 Indications
211(1)
20.3 Operative Technique
212(1)
20.4 Complications
213(1)
20.5 Postoperative Management
213(1)
20.6 The Authors' Institutional Experience with Thoracoplasty
213(1)
20.7 Conclusion
214(1)
20.8 Tips/Pearls
214(2)
21 Kyphosis Restoration in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
216(12)
Steven W. Hwang
Suken A. Shah
Peter O. Newton
21.1 Introduction
216(1)
21.2 Background
216(2)
21.3 Importance of Sagittal Plane Correction
218(1)
21.4 Surgical Restoration of Kyphosis
219(2)
21.4.1 General
219(1)
21.4.2 Curve Attributes
219(1)
21.4.3 Release of Spine: Posterior
219(1)
21.4.4 Anterior Surgery/Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery
220(1)
21.5 Posterior-Based Surgery
221(2)
21.5.1 Type of Fixation
221(1)
21.5.2 Implant Density
222(1)
21.5.3 Rod Properties and Techniques
222(1)
21.6 Conclusion
223(1)
21.7 Tips/Pearls
223(5)
Section III Postoperative Management
Editors: Steven W. Hwang and Amer F. Samdani
22 Long-Term Clinical and Radiographic Outcomes of Scoliosis
228(15)
Tracey P. Bastrom
Michelle C. Marks
William F. Lavelle
Peter O. Newton
22.1 Introduction
228(1)
22.2 Long-Term Clinical Questions Answered
228(10)
22.2.1 Maintenance of Radiographic Correction
228(3)
22.2.2 Cosmesis
231(2)
22.2.3 Pulmonary Function
233(1)
22.2.4 Spine Function, Mobility, and Health
234(2)
22.2.5 Health-Related Quality of Life
236(1)
22.2.6 Pregnancy and Childbirth
237(1)
22.2.7 Reoperations at Long-Term Follow-Up
238(1)
22.2.8 Comparison to Natural History
238(1)
22.3 Long-Term Clinical Questions Remaining
238(1)
22.4 Future Directions
239(1)
22.5 Conclusion
240(1)
22.6 Tips/Pearls
240(3)
23 Infection in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
243(8)
Michael P. Glotzbecker
Paul D. Sponseller
Michelle C. Marks
23.1 Introduction
243(1)
23.2 Background
243(1)
23.3 Surveillance Periods for Surgical Site Infection
243(1)
23.3.1 Early versus Late Surgical Site Infection
243(1)
23.3.2 Deep versus Superficial Surgical Site Infection
243(1)
23.4 Early Infections
244(2)
23.4.1 Background and Incidence
244(1)
23.4.2 Risk Factors and Prevention
244(1)
23.4.3 Clinical Presentation and Evaluation
245(1)
23.4.4 Treatment
246(1)
23.5 Late Infections
246(3)
23.5.1 Clinical Features
247(1)
23.5.2 Evaluation and Initial Management
247(1)
23.5.3 Surgical Management
248(1)
23.5.4 Aftercare
248(1)
23.6 Conclusion
249(1)
23.7 Tips/Pearls
249(2)
24 Complications and Reoperations in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
251(12)
Andrew C. Vivas
Amer F. Samdani
Joshua M. Pahys
Steven W. Hwang
24.1 Introduction
251(1)
24.2 Intraoperative Complications
251(4)
24.3 Early Postoperative Complications
255(2)
24.4 Late Postoperative Complications
257(2)
24.5 Best Practice Guidelines
259(1)
24.6 Conclusion
260(1)
24.7 Tips/Pearls
260(3)
25 Accelerated Pathways
263(10)
Nicholas D. Fletcher
Robert W. Bruce Jr
25.1 Introduction
263(1)
25.2 Background
263(1)
25.3 Preoperative Considerations
264(1)
25.3.1 Nutrition
264(1)
25.3.2 Pulmonary
264(1)
25.3.3 Gastrointestinal
265(1)
25.3.4 Patient/Parent Expectations
265(1)
25.4 Postoperative Management
265(3)
25.4.1 Overview
265(1)
25.4.2 Pain Management
265(1)
25.4.3 Nutrition and Bowel Management
266(1)
25.4.4 Mobilization
267(1)
25.4.5 Care Pathways
268(1)
25.5 Conclusion
268(1)
25.6 Tips/Pearls
268(5)
26 Untreated Late-Onset Idiopathic Scoliosis and Revision Surgery in Adults
273(11)
Kushagra Verma
Baron S. Lonner
Thomas J. Errico
26.1 Introduction
273(1)
26.2 Untreated Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
273(2)
26.3 Preoperative Assessment and Nonoperative Treatment
275(1)
26.4 Complications and Mitigation of Complications in Adult Scoliosis Surgery
276(1)
26.5 Proximal and Distal Junctional Kyphosis
276(1)
26.6 Revision Surgery, Alignment, and HRQOL
276(1)
26.7 Flatback
277(3)
26.8 Long-Term Follow-up after Adolescent Fusion
280(1)
26.9 Tips/Pearls
281(3)
Section IV Miscellaneous Topics
Editors: Paul D. Sponseller and Peter O. Newton
27 Osteobiologic Agents for Spinal Fusion
284(8)
Benjamin D. Roye
Stephen G. George
27.1 Introduction
284(1)
27.2 The Biology of Spinal Fusion
284(1)
27.3 Osteobiologic Products and Spinal Fusion
285(4)
27.3.1 Autogenous Bone Graft
285(1)
27.3.2 Allogenic Bone Graft
286(1)
27.3.3 Cadaveric Allograft
286(1)
27.3.4 Ceramics
287(1)
27.3.5 Demineralized Bone Matrix
287(1)
27.3.6 Osteoinductive Proteins
288(1)
27.3.7 Platelet Concentrates
289(1)
27.3.8 Growth and Differentiation Factor-5
289(1)
27.4 Conclusion
289(1)
27.5 Tips/Pearls
289(3)
28 Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
292(19)
James T. Bennett
Joshua Auerbach
Amer F. Samdani
John P. Dorman
28.1 Introduction
292(1)
28.2 History
292(1)
28.2.1 Stagnara Wake-up Test
292(1)
28.2.2 Ankle Clonus Test
292(1)
28.3 Neuromonitoring
292(6)
28.3.1 Somatosensory Evoked Potentials
292(2)
28.3.2 Transcranial Motor Evoked Potentials
294(2)
28.3.3 Multimodality
296(1)
28.3.4 Triggered Electromyography
296(1)
28.3.5 Descending Neurogenic Evoked Potentials
297(1)
28.3.6 H-Reflex
297(1)
28.3.7 D-Wave Monitoring
297(1)
28.4 Anesthesia and Other Agents
298(1)
28.4.1 Inhalational Agents
298(1)
28.4.2 Total Intravenous Anesthesia
298(1)
28.5 Other Considerations
299(1)
28.5.1 Steroids
299(1)
28.6 Change in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
299(3)
28.6.1 Significant Change
299(1)
28.6.2 Team Response to Intraoperative Neuromonitoring Alert
299(1)
28.6.3 Timing of Change and Time to Return
300(1)
28.6.4 Rate of Injury in Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis
300(1)
28.6.5 Risk Factors for Changes in Intraoperative Neuromonitoring
301(1)
28.6.6 Delayed Postoperative Neurologic Deficit
302(1)
28.7 Case Examples
302(4)
28.7.1 Case Example 1
302(2)
28.7.2 Case Example 2
304(1)
28.7.3 Case Example 3
304(1)
28.7.4 Case Example 4
304(1)
28.7.5 Case Example 5
305(1)
28.8 Conclusion
306(1)
28.9 Tips/Pearls
307(4)
29 Anterior Growth Modulation
311(7)
Firoz Miyanji
Amer F. Samdani
Christine L. Farnsworth
Peter O. Newton
29.1 Introduction
311(2)
29.2 Clinical Application and Potential Complications
313(1)
29.3 Surgical Technique
313(3)
29.4 Reported Outcomes
316(1)
29.5 Conclusion
316(1)
29.6 Tips/Pearls
317(1)
30 Managing the Preadolescent Curve: Early Fusion versus Posterior Distraction
318(6)
Muharrem Yazici
Burt Yaszay
30.1 Introduction
318(1)
30.2 Spinal and Thoracic Growth
318(1)
30.3 Surgical Alternatives
318(1)
30.4 Growth-Friendly Techniques
318(1)
30.5 Instrumented Fusion
319(3)
30.6 Conclusion
322(1)
30.7 Tips/Pearls
322(2)
31 The Development and Evolution of the Harms Study Group Registry
324(13)
Michelle C. Marks
Maty Petcharaporn
Peter O. Newton
Randal R. Betz
Harry L. Shufflebarger
31.1 Introduction
324(1)
31.2 Development of a Study Group
324(3)
31.3 Database Evolution
327(3)
31.4 Research Study Development and Evolution
330(1)
31.5 Surgeon/Site Participation
330(1)
31.5.1 Data Quality Assurance
330(1)
31.5.2 Study Group Strategic Plan: Formation of a 501(c)(3) Nonprofit
331(1)
31.6 The Power of Large Registries: Beyond the Research
331(3)
31.7 Conclusion
334(1)
31.8 Tips/Pearls
335(2)
Index 337
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