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El. knyga: Imaging the Central Nervous System of the Fetus and Neonate

Edited by (University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.), Edited by (University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK), Edited by (University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K.)
  • Formatas: 280 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 13-Apr-2006
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420016475
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Imaging the Central Nervous System of the Fetus and NeonateDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: 280 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 13-Apr-2006
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781420016475
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This reference provides an authoritative overview of the role of ultrasonography and MR imaging technologies in the examination and assessment of the central nervous system of the fetus and neonate. Spanning advancements in fetal ultrasound, in-utero MR, the imaging of the neonatal brain, and the analysis of normal and abnormal brain development, this guide paints a vivid picture of the utilization and development of imaging technologies in modern prenatal and pediatric medicine.
Preface iii
Contributors xi
SECTION 1: An Overview of Normal and Abnormal Brain Development
1(62)
Early Development of the Neural Tube
3(10)
Marysia Placzek
Introduction
3(1)
Neural Plate Formation and Neurulation
3(2)
Neural Patterning
5(1)
Neural Patterning: Ventralization in the Posterior Neural Tube
5(2)
Neural Patterning: Dorsalization of the Caudal Neural Tube and Formation of the Peripheral Nervous System
7(1)
Neural Patterning: Ventralization of the Rostral Neural Tube
7(1)
Prechordal Mesoderm and Development of the Hypothalamo-Pituitary Axis
8(1)
Shh and Holoprosencephaly
9(2)
Summary
11(1)
References
11(2)
The Supratentorial Brain
13(14)
Paul D. Griffiths
The Supratentorial Brain
13(1)
Primary Neurulation
13(1)
Ventral Induction
14(2)
Failure of Commissuration (Agenesis/Hypogenesis of the Corpus Callosum)
16(2)
Anatomical Deformities
18(1)
Malformations Associated with Failed Commissuration
18(2)
Abnormalities of Cortical Formation
20(6)
References
26(1)
The Infratentorial Brain
27(12)
Paul D. Griffiths
The Infratentorial Brain
27(10)
References
37(2)
Studies of Malformations of the Posterior Fossa
39(10)
Stephen L. Kinsman
Tobias Tsai
Studies of Malformations of the Posterior Fossa
39(8)
References
47(2)
Imaging Developmental Brain Abnormalities in Children
49(14)
Dan Connolly
Brain Maturation
49(1)
The Still Child
50(1)
Sedation
50(1)
General Anesthetic
51(1)
Entertaining the Older Child
51(1)
Premature Infant
51(1)
Contrast Agent
51(9)
Summary
60(1)
References
61(2)
SECTION 2: Fetal Neuroimaging
63(70)
Ultrasound Methods and Anatomy
65(6)
Pam Loughna
References
69(2)
Developmental Abnormalities of the Brain Shown by Ultrasound
71(10)
Pam Loughna
Anencephaly
71(1)
Spina Bifida
71(2)
Encephalocoele
73(1)
Ventriculomegaly and Hydrocephalus
74(2)
Holoprosencephaly
76(1)
Agenesis of the Corpus Callosum
77(1)
Dandy--Walker Malformation
78(1)
Arterio-Venous Malformations
78(1)
Arachnoid Cysts
79(1)
Lissencephaly
79(1)
Destructive (Acquired) Lesions
79(1)
References
79(2)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Methods and Anatomy
81(18)
Elspeth H. Whitby
Martyn N. J. Paley
Imaging the Developing Fetus
81(7)
Anatomy
88(8)
References
96(3)
In Utero Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Developmental Abnormalities of the Fetal CNS
99(12)
Elspeth H. Whitby
Primary Neuralation
99(1)
Ventral Induction
99(3)
Failure of Commissuration
102(3)
Abnormalities Associated with Failure of Commissuration
105(4)
Acquired Abnormalities
109(1)
References
109(2)
The Balance Between Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Ultrasound
111(4)
Elspeth H. Whitby
Safety of Ultrasound and MRI
112(1)
References
113(2)
In Utero Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Developmental Abnormalities of the Fetal Cerebellum
115(18)
Ashley J. Robinson
Susan I. Blaser
Development of the Cerebellum Shown by MRI of Fetal Specimens
115(2)
Early Development of the Cerebellum Shown by MRI In Utero
117(2)
Systematic Approach to Analysis of Vermian Development
119(1)
Is the Vermis Present?
120(1)
Is the Vermis Mature?
121(9)
Summary
130(1)
References
130(3)
SECTION 3: Neonatal Neuroimaging
133(66)
Neonatal Cranial Ultrasound
135(24)
Alan Sprigg
Limitations of Ultrasound
135(2)
Hazards of Neonatal Ultrasound
137(1)
Who Scans?
138(1)
Ultrasound Technique
138(2)
Standard Imaging Planes
140(6)
Pitfalls and Limitations of Ultrasound Scanning
146(1)
Surface (Near Field) Imaging
146(2)
Doppler and Other Ultrasound Scanning Developments
148(3)
Assessment of Ventricular Dilatation
151(2)
Congenital Abnormalities
153(1)
Use of Cranial Ultrasound Outside the Neonatal Period
153(1)
Ultrasound and Spinal Imaging
154(1)
Comparison with Other Imaging Modalities
154(3)
References
157(1)
Further Reading
158(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Neonatal Brain
159(8)
Elspeth H. Whitby
Martyn N. J. Paley
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Neonatal Brain
159(5)
Summary
164(1)
References
164(3)
Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury
167(20)
Elysa Widjaja
Alan Sprigg
Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury
167(1)
Cerebral Palsy
167(2)
Hypoxic Ischemic Brain Injury
169(1)
HIBI in the Preterm Infants
170(1)
Imaging of Periventricular Leukomalacia
171(3)
HIBI in Term Infants
174(1)
Imaging of HIBI in Term Infants
175(3)
MRI Findings of Central Cortical-Subcortical Injury
178(1)
MRI Findings of Parasagittal Injury
179(1)
Conclusion
180(1)
References
181(6)
Imaging Intracranial Hemorrhage in the Neonate and Infant
187(12)
Paul D. Griffiths
Elysa Widjaja
Alan Sprigg
Anatomy of Intracranial Hemorrhage
187(1)
Extra-Axial Hemorrhage
187(1)
Parenchymal Hemorrhage
188(1)
Imaging Methods
189(2)
Examples of the Application of Different Imaging Methods in Neonatal Intracranial Hemorrhage
191(6)
Conclusions
197(1)
References
197(2)
SECTION 4: New Horizons
199(58)
Advances in Fetal Ultrasound
201(2)
Pam Loughna
References
202(1)
Expected Developments in In Utero Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Fetal Central Nervous System
203(8)
Elspeth H. Whitby
Expected Developments
203(5)
References
208(3)
Emerging Options for Imaging Neonatal Anatomy and Function
211(22)
Martyn N. J. Paley
Elspeth H. Whitby
Pamela Ohadike
Michael Smith
Introduction
211(1)
Review of Neonatal MRI Using Conventional MRI Systems
211(2)
The Role of Dedicated MRI Systems Located on the Intensive Care Unit
213(1)
Dedicated Neonatal MRI System Design Considerations
213(2)
Neonatal Imaging Sequence Considerations
215(2)
Neonatal Medication and Monitoring for Dedicated MRI Systems
217(1)
Practical Aspects of Neonatal Imaging with a Dedicated MRI System
217(1)
Novel Technique Developments for Neonatal Imaging and Spectroscopy
217(8)
Summary
225(1)
References
225(8)
Incubators for Magnetic Resonance Imaging Use
233(12)
T. M. Bohnen
Incubators for MRI Use
233(1)
Basics of Warming Therapy
233(1)
Requirements for a MRI-Compatible Incubator
234(6)
Design Considerations: Coils
240(1)
Regulatory Affairs
241(1)
System Considerations
242(1)
The Technical Challenge: 3T and Improved Coils
242(1)
References
243(2)
The Role of the Magnetic Resonance Imaging Post-Mortem of the Fetus and Neonate
245(12)
Elspeth H. Whitby
Paul D. Griffiths
The Role of Magnetic Resonance Imaging Post-Mortem in the Fetus and Neonate
245(10)
References
255(2)
Index 257


Paul D. Griffiths, Martyn N.J. Paley, Elspeth H. Whitby
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