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El. knyga: Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview: A Molecular Approach to Immunogenetics

Edited by (College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), Edited by , Edited by (Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia), Edited by (Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research fo)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323903356
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Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview: A Molecular Approach to ImmunogeneticsDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Nov-2021
  • Leidėjas: Academic Press Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780323903356
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A Molecular Approach to Immunogenetics, Immunogenetics: A Molecular and Clinical Overview, Volume One provides readers with an exclusive, updated overview on the scientific knowledge, achievements and findings in the field of immunogenetics. The book presents readily available, updated information on the molecular and clinical aspects of immunogenetics, from origin and development to clinical applications and future prospects. The breadth of information goes from basics to developments, clinical applications and future prospects. The book's most attractive attribute is its academic and clinical amalgamation that covers both the theoretical and practical aspects of immunogenetics.

An additional feature of the book is a special chapter on viral genetics that covers COVID-19. Above all, the book contains chapters that discuss immunogenetics in relation to pharmaco-genomics and immune-toxicology.

  • Contains exclusive information about research on immunogenetics from around the globe
  • Includes minute and recent details that will be the prerequisite requirement for any researcher who wants to work on immunogenetics and its applications
  • Comes fully-equipped with pictures, illustrations and tables that deliver information in a meticulous manner
List of contributors
xiii
Preface xvii
1 Origin and history of immunogenetics
1(20)
Tabassum Rashid
Aadina Mehraj
Nawsheena Mushtaq
Shabhat Rasool
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Immunogenetics and discovery of blood groups
2(1)
1.3 Origin of immunogenetics
3(2)
1.4 Major histocompatibility complex
5(1)
1.5 MHCclassI
6(1)
1.6 MHC class II
6(1)
1.7 MHC class III
7(1)
1.8 Immunogenetics and the spectrum of immune disorders
8(1)
1.9 Autoimmune diseases
8(5)
1.9.1 Rheumatoid arthritis
8(1)
1.9.2 Psoriasis
9(1)
1.9.3 Autoimmune thyroid diseases
9(1)
1.9.4 Primary biliary cholangitis
10(1)
1.9.5 Type 1 diabetes mellitus
11(1)
1.9.6 Systemic lupus erythematosus
12(1)
1.9.7 Systemic sclerosis
13(1)
1.10 Neurological diseases
13(2)
1.10.1 Multiple sclerosis
13(1)
1.10.2 Parkinson's disease
14(1)
1.11 Infectious diseases
15(1)
1.11.1 Tuberculosis
15(1)
1.11.2 Human Immunodeficiency virus
16(1)
1.11.3 HBV&HCV
16(1)
1.12 Atopic diseases
16(1)
1.13 Conclusion
16(5)
References
18(3)
2 Immunogenetics: the developmental course
21(20)
Umar Muzaffer
Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
V.I. Paul
Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
2.1 Introduction
21(1)
2.2 Genetic defects associated with immune deficiency
22(1)
2.3 B cell deficiency
23(1)
2.4 T cell deficiency
24(1)
2.5 Regulatory T cell deficiency
24(1)
2.6 Phagocyte deficiency
25(1)
2.7 Defects in cytokine signaling
25(1)
2.8 Origin of immunogenetics
26(1)
2.9 History of immunogenetics
27(3)
2.10 Discovery of the major histocompatibility gene complex
30(1)
2.11 Genetic organization of the human leukocyte antigen system
31(1)
2.12 The most polymorphic human genomic region
32(2)
2.13 Role of human leukocyte antigen in creating the first physical and genetic map of the human genome
34(1)
2.14 Conclusion
34(7)
References
35(6)
3 Basics of immunogenetics: application and future perspectives
41(22)
Younis Ahmad Hajam
Rajesh Kumar
Rouf Ahmad Bhat
Raksha Rani
Bharti Sharma
Preeti Sharma
3.1 Introduction
41(2)
3.2 Application of genomic procedures to major immunodeficiency syndromes
43(2)
3.3 Biogenetic variation, functional genomics, and the immune system
45(2)
3.4 Histocompatibility complex region of humans and neurological disease
47(2)
3.5 Killer-immunoglobulin-like receptor network is a novel range of neural infection in genetics of immune system
49(3)
3.6 Human leukocyte antigen antibody screening by ELISA
52(1)
3.7 Flow cytometry and luminex techniques for the screening of human leukocyte antigen antibody
52(1)
3.8 Human leukocyte antigen antibody identification
53(1)
3.9 Polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing
54(1)
3.10 Polymerase chain reaction-sequence specific primers or (PCR-SSP)
55(1)
3.11 Future perspectives of immunogenetics
55(8)
References
56(7)
4 Immunogenetics: a tool for anthropological studies
63(22)
Eijaz Ahmed Bhat
Johra Khan
Randa Mohammad Ismai
Nasreena Sajjad
4.1 Introduction
63(1)
4.2 Human genetic diversity
64(1)
4.3 HLA and KIR polymorphism
65(5)
4.4 Gene frequency analysis
70(1)
4.4.1 Estimation using linkage disequilibrium
71(1)
4.5 To Test disease associations
71(1)
4.6 Conclusion
72(13)
References
72(13)
5 Immunogenetic surveillance to histocompatibility
85(42)
Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
Sofi Imtiyaz Ali
Muzafar Ahmad Rather
Showkatill Nabi
Shiekh Uzma Nazir
Rabia Rakshahan
Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
5.1 Introduction
85(1)
5.2 Major Histocompatibility Complex genomics and human disease
86(2)
5.3 The Major Histocompatibility Complex locus and genetic susceptibility to autoimmune and infectious diseases
88(1)
5.4 Role of Major Histocompatibility Complex variants in human diseases
89(13)
5.5 Genetic restraint of the immune reaction
102(4)
5.5.1 Progression of polymorphism of human leukocyteantigens class I genetic factor
103(1)
5.5.2 Human leukocyteantigens class I supertypes and supermotifs
103(1)
5.5.3 Human leukocyteantigens typing and nomenclature
104(1)
5.5.4 Human leukocyteantigens relations with infection
105(1)
5.5.5 Immunogenetic surveillance and vaccine design
105(1)
5.6 Major Histocompatibility Complex class I chain-related molecule (MICA) antibodies in transplantation
106(2)
5.7 Immune response to MICA
108(6)
5.8 Conclusion and future perspectives
114(13)
References
115(12)
6 Gestational Immunogenetics: An Overview
127(16)
Iram Shabir
6.1 Introduction
127(1)
6.2 Placenta as an anatomical barrier
128(1)
6.3 Placental human leucocyte antigen molecules
129(2)
6.4 Immune responses at the fetomaternal interface
131(6)
6.4.1 Decidual natural kill cells
132(2)
6.4.2 Macrophages
134(1)
6.4.3 Dendritic cells
135(1)
6.4.4 T cells
136(1)
6.4.5 Regulatory T cells or Treg cells
136(1)
6.5 Conclusion
137(6)
References
138(5)
7 Gene polymorphisms and their role in autoimmunity
143(26)
Huma Jan
Azher Arafah
Bashayr M. Alsuwayni
Isra M. Hussein
Abdulaziz Alhossan
Shafat Ali
Muneeb U. Rehman
7.1 Introduction
143(1)
7.2 Autoimmunity and autoimmune genes
144(4)
7.2.1 The autoimmune regulator (AIRE)
145(1)
7.2.2 FOX-P3
146(2)
7.3 Toll like receptors polymorphism and effects on autoimmunity
148(2)
7.4 Vitamin D receptor polymorphism and their role in autoimmunity
150(3)
7.5 Major histocompatibility complex gene polymorphism and autoimmunity
153(1)
7.6 Genetic polymorphism and autoimmune disorders
154(4)
7.6.1 Alzheimer's disease
154(1)
7.6.2 Multiple sclerosis
155(1)
7.6.3 Irritable bowel syndrome
156(1)
7.6.4 Rheumatoid arthritis
157(1)
7.7 Immunogenetics and immune therapy
158(3)
7.8 Conclusion
161(8)
References
161(8)
8 Role of immunogenetics polymorphisms in infectious diseases
169(24)
Hafsa Qadri
Abdul Haseeb Shah
Manzoor Ahmad Mir
8.1 Introduction
169(3)
8.2 The major histocompatibility complex/human leukocyte antigen system: general structure and gene organization
172(4)
8.3 Classification of major histocompatibility complex genes
176(2)
8.3.1 Major histocompatibility complex genes class I
176(1)
8.3.2 Major histocompatibility complex genes class II
176(1)
8.3.3 Major histocompatibility complex genes class III
177(1)
8.4 Human leukocyte antigen system and the infectious diseases (function and association)
178(2)
8.5 Human leukocyte antigen system and the human immunodeficiency virus
180(3)
8.6 Human leukocyte antigen system and tuberculosis
183(1)
8.7 Human leukocyte antigen system and malaria
184(1)
8.8 Conclusion
185(8)
Acknowledgments
186(1)
Disclosure/conflict of interest
186(1)
Author's contributions
186(1)
References
186(7)
9 MicroRNAs and their role in immunogenetic-dysregulation
193(34)
Javaid Ahmed Wani
Sadaf Ali
Ishfaq Shafi Khan
Mosin Saleem Khan
Shafat Ali
Sabhiya Majid
Muneeb U. Rehman
9.1 Introduction
193(1)
9.2 Genetic bases of immune response
194(4)
9.3 Mirna regulating immune response
198(7)
9.3.1 Innate immune response
198(2)
9.3.2 Adaptive immune response
200(5)
9.3.3 Mirnas in T-cell immune response
205(1)
9.4 Mirna and immune tolerance
205(4)
9.4.1 Central tolerance
206(1)
9.4.2 Peripheral tolerance
207(2)
9.5 Mirna and immune checkpoint proteins
209(3)
9.5.1 PD-1
209(2)
9.5.2 CTLA-4
211(1)
9.6 Conclusion
212(15)
References
212(11)
Further Reading
223(4)
10 Immunogenetic causes of infertility
227(28)
Parveena Firdous
Kamran Nissar
Shafat Ali
10.1 Introduction
227(1)
10.2 Immunogenetic factors as a cause of infertility
228(14)
10.2.1 Role of immune system in infertility
228(1)
10.2.1.1 Human leukocyte antigen
228(2)
10.2.1.2 Reproduction immune failures
230(1)
10.2.1.3 Anti-FSH/IgM, IgA, IgC: role in infertility
231(1)
10.2.1.4 Thyroid Auto-immunity
232(1)
10.2.1.5 Mucosal immunity of genital tract
233(1)
10.2.1.6 Role of antiserum antibodies in pregnancy
233(1)
10.2.1.7 Role of seminal fluid in female immune infertility
234(1)
10.2.1.8 Role of mismatch repair
235(1)
10.2.2 Role of genetics in infertility
236(1)
10.2.2.1 Genetic causes of female infertility
236(1)
10.2.2.1.1 Polycystic ovary syndrome
236(1)
10.2.2.1.2 Endometriosis
236(2)
10.2.2.1.3 XX gonadal dysgenesis
238(1)
10.2.2.1.4 Dovfn syndrome (trisomy 21) and turner syndrome (45, X)
238(1)
10.2.2.2 The genetic causes of male infertility
239(1)
10.2.2.2.1 Chromosome genes as a cause of Spermatogenic failure
239(1)
10.2.2.2.2 Chromosomal alterations as a cause of male infertility: translocation and inversion
240(1)
10.2.2.2.3 Leydig cell hypoplasia as a cause of male infertility
241(1)
10.2.2.2.4 Cystic fibrosis as a cause of male infertility
241(1)
10.2.2.2.5 Down syndrome and klinefelter syndrome (47, XXY)
242(1)
10.3 Conclusion
242(13)
References
243(12)
11 Immunopharmacogenomics: clinical applications, challenges, and future prospects
255(22)
Jasiya Qadir
Sabhiya Majid
11.1 Introduction
255(3)
11.2 Immunopharmacogenomics in cancer therapy
258(4)
11.3 Immunopharmacogenomics in autoimmunity
262(1)
11.4 Immunopharmacogenomics in food allergy
263(2)
11.5 Immunopharmacogenomics and adverse drug reactions
265(1)
11.6 Organ transplant rejection and immunopharmacogenomics
266(1)
11.7 Challenges of immunopharmacogenomics
267(2)
11.7.1 Selection and monitoring of patients
267(1)
11.7.2 Efficacy is generally unpredictable
267(1)
11.7.3 Check-point based immunotherapy
267(1)
11.7.4 Lack of target specificity
268(1)
11.7.5 Mutational landscape
268(1)
11.7.6 Development resistance
268(1)
11.7.7 Gut microbiota
268(1)
11.7.8 Immunotherapy drug are expensive
269(1)
11.8 Future direction
269(2)
11.8.1 Identification of additional biomarkers
269(1)
11.8.2 Overcoming resistance to immunotherapy
269(1)
11.8.3 Administration of immunotherapy
270(1)
11.8.4 Personalized approach to overcome molecular and physical barriers
270(1)
11.8.5 Accurate prediction of immunotherapy prediction
270(1)
11.8.6 Gut microbiome
270(1)
11.8.7 Application of nanotechnology
271(1)
11.9 Conclusion
271(6)
References
271(6)
12 Immunopharmacology of Alzheimer's disease
277(22)
Kamran Nissar
Parveena Firdous
Shafat Ali
Arshad Hussain
Bashir Ganai
12.1 Introduction
277(2)
12.2 Innate immunity and Alzheimer's disease
279(2)
12.3 Alzheimer's disease and interferons
281(1)
12.4 Alzheimer's disease and glial cells
282(1)
12.5 Alzheimer's dementia and microglia
283(2)
12.6 Astrocytes and Alzheimer's disease
285(1)
12.7 Alzheimer's disease and oligodendrocytes
285(1)
12.8 Alzheimer's dementia and glia barriers
286(1)
12.9 Alzheimer's disease and current immune-related therapies
286(2)
12.10 Conclusion
288(11)
References
288(11)
13 Mirnas: The Genetic Regulators of Immunity
299(28)
Shafat Ali
Mosin S. Khan
Javaid A. Wani
Sunia Faiz
Muneeb U. Rehman
Sabhiya Majid
Md. Niamat Ali
13.1 Introduction
299(1)
13.2 MicroRNA biogenesis
300(1)
13.3 Immuno-miRNAs: vital immune regulators
301(5)
13.3.1 Mir-23~27~24 cluster
302(1)
13.3.2 Mir-146a/-155 axis
303(1)
13.3.3 Mir-17~92 cluster
304(1)
13.3.4 Mir-223
305(1)
13.3.5 Mir-181
305(1)
13.4 Mirna-mediated regulation of T cell differentiation and function
306(9)
13.4.1 TH1 cellular differentiation and function
306(2)
13.4.2 TH2 cellular differentiation and function
308(2)
13.4.3 TH17 cellular differentiation and function
310(1)
13.4.4 Regulatory T cellular differentiation and function
311(4)
13.5 Conclusion
315(12)
References
315(10)
Further Reading
325(2)
14 Immunopharmacogenomics: a hope in the treatment of carcinoma
327(20)
Bilquees
Humira Jeelani
Nahida Tabasum
Faheem Hyder Pottoo
14.1 Introduction
327(2)
14.2 Cancer immunogenomics
329(2)
14.3 Cancer genomic biomarkers
331(2)
14.4 Cancer antigens and neoantigens
333(1)
14.5 Cancer immunotherapy
334(6)
14.5.1 Immune checkpoint inhibition
334(1)
14.5.1.1 PD-1/PDL-1 checkpoint inhibition
335(2)
14.5.1.2 CTLA-4 checkpoint inhibition
337(1)
14.5.1.2.1 CAR-T cell therapy
338(1)
14.5.1.2.2 Cancer vaccines
339(1)
14.6 Personalized cancer therapies
340(1)
14.7 Conclusion
341(6)
References
341(6)
15 Immunopharmaco-genomics: future of clinical medicine
347(38)
Soft Imtiyaz Ali
Muzafar Ahmad Rather
Wajid Mohammad Sheikh
Showkat Ul Nai
Alveena Canai
Mehvish Altaf
Subhradal Nath
Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
Imtiyaz Ahmad Wani
Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
15.1 Introduction
347(1)
15.2 Adverse drug reactions
348(3)
15.2.1 Immune-mediated adverse drug reactions
349(1)
15.2.1.1 Classification of immune-mediated adverse drug reactions
349(1)
15.2.1.2 Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrosis
350(1)
15.2.1.3 Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms
350(1)
15.2.1.4 Other immune-mediated adverse drug reactions
351(1)
15.3 Genomics approaches to illuminate the complexity of drug response
351(9)
15.4 Challenges for genetic association studies of IM-ADRs
360(1)
15.5 Approaches to determine IM-ADR mechanisms
361(1)
15.6 Role of immunopharmacogenomics in preventing IM-ADRs
361(3)
15.7 Complexities of the human immune system
364(1)
15.8 Applications of T cell receptors/B cell receptors sequencing
365(5)
15.8.1 T cell receptor and B cell receptor sequencing with next-generation sequencers
365(1)
15.8.2 Identifying neoantigen-specific T cell receptors for cancer immunotherapy
365(1)
15.8.3 Describing T cell changes during immunotherapy
366(1)
15.8.4 Characterizing T cell changes during nonimmune targeted cancer therapy
366(2)
15.8.5 T cell receptors/B cell receptor sequencing in other diseases
368(1)
15.8.5.1 Pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases
368(1)
15.8.5.2 Pathogenesis of food allergy
369(1)
15.8.5.3 Pathogenesis of graft rejection or graft-vs-host disease after hematopoietic cell transplantation
369(1)
15.9 Future perspectives of immunopharmacogenomics
370(15)
References
371(14)
Index 385
Muneeb U Rehman (Ph.D.) is a Faculty member at College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. He holds a doctorate in Toxicology (specialization in cancer biology and natural product research) from Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India. Dr. Rehman has more than 10 years of research and teaching experience in the field of toxicology, cancer biology, natural product pharmacology and pharmacogenomics. He is the recipient of several national and international fellowships and awards. He has published more than 100 research papers in peer-reviewed, international journals, and has 5 edited books and 30 book chapters. Dr. Rehman is on the editorial boards and is a reviewer of several high-impact, international scientific journals. He is also a life member of various international societies and organizations. Currently, Dr. Rehman is engaged in studying the molecular mechanisms of cancer prevention by natural products and the role of pharmacogenomics and toxicogenomics in evaluating the effectiveness and safety of drugs. Azher Arafah works in the Department of Clinical Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy at King Saud University in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Md. Niamat Ali (M. Phil, Ph.D.) is Director and Faculty member at Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India. After completing his doctorate in Zoology (Specialization in Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology), Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India in 1994. He worked as Research Associate and Pool Officer (CSIR, New Delhi) at the Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India till 2002. Later He joined Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, India and worked there till 2013. Prof. Ali has more than 29 years of research experience and 25 years of teaching experience in Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology, Toxicogenomics, Human Genomics and Proteomics, Stem Cell Biology, Regenerative Medicine, Radiation Biology and Gene Therapy, Cell and Tissue Culture Technology and Ageing Biology, PCR and DNA Fingerprinting Technology, FISH Technology and Comet Assay and Biostatistics. He is the recipient of several fellowships and awards at both national and international levels. He is a Life Member of Indian Science Congress Association and Environmental Mutagen Society of India, India. Prof. Ali is handling many projects of national and international importance. He also has to his credit 65 research publications in peer-reviewed international journals and multiple book chapters in edited volumes with international publishers. Prof. Ali is on editorial board panel and reviewer of several high-impact international scientific journals from Springer, Elsevier and John Wiley. He also has served as Executive Editor of Journal/ Editor Souvenir and Abstract Book for Seminar and Conference/ Workshop Guide Books. Currently, Prof. Ali is involved in studying vermin-technology, eco-toxicology, fish toxicology, DNA bar-coding, cancer biology, congenital human diseases, immunogenetic mechanisms of Recurrent Pregnancy loss etc. Shafat Ali (Ph.D.) pursued his BSc. from University of Kashmir and Masters in Zoology from Barkatullah Vishwavidyalaya, India. Currently he is engaged in research work for last 5 years at Cytogenetics and Molecular Biology Laboratory, Centre of Research for Development, University of Kashmir, Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, and ICMR funded Multidisciplinary Research Unit, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, with specialization in the field of reproductive immunogenetics, cytokine biology, gynaecology and obstetrics, molecular biology, cancer biology and cytogenetics. He has 5 years of research experience and 5 years of teaching experience. He has more than 20 book chapters, several edited books and numerous peer-reviewed, international research publications to his credit. Mr. Ali is also the reviewer of many reputed international journals. Presently, Mr. Ali is involved in studying immunogenetic mechanisms involved in recurrent pregnancy loss
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