Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
Photo and Illustration Credits |
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xiii | |
Introduction: The Copyright Wars |
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xv | |
I Copyright Relevance |
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xvi | |
II Copyright Consciousness |
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xviii | |
III Copyright's Law/Norm Gap |
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xix | |
A The Default Rule of Use as Infringement |
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xix | |
B Technological Change and the Law/Norm Gap |
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xx | |
C The Misadventures of Captain Copyright and the Battle to Shape Public Opinion |
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xxi | |
IV Chapter and Verse |
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xxiv | |
A The Individual as Infringer |
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xxiv | |
B The Individual as Transformer |
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xxv | |
C The Individual as Consumer |
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xxvii | |
D The Individual as Creator |
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xxviii | |
E The Individual as Reformer |
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xxix | |
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1 The Individual as Infringer |
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1 | (14) |
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I Infringement Nation: A Gedanken Experiment |
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2 | (3) |
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II The Gedanken Experiment Deconstructed |
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5 | (9) |
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III The Making of the Infringement Nation |
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14 | (1) |
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2 The Individual as Transformer |
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15 | (36) |
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I Revaluing Rubber Cement |
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15 | (2) |
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II The Triumph of Instrumentalism: A History of Copyright's Early Years |
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17 | (10) |
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A The English Origins of American Copyright Law |
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17 | (2) |
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B The Creation of American Copyright |
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19 | (2) |
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C Wheaton: The Apparent End of Natural-Law Copyright |
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21 | (1) |
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D Early Copyright Jurisprudence: Abridgement, Translation, and the Primacy of Transformative Use |
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22 | (3) |
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E The Law in Cultural Context: Norms in the Republic's Early Years |
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25 | (2) |
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III Et Tu, Fair Use? Natural-Law Redux |
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27 | (8) |
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A Folson v. Marsh: Justice Story and the Betrayal of Utilitarian Copyright |
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27 | (4) |
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B The Hegemony of Natural-Law Copyright: Folsom and Its Progeny |
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31 | (4) |
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IV Transformative Use and Progress in the Arts |
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35 | (14) |
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A The Importance of Transformative Use |
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35 | (4) |
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B Fair Use's Failure to Promote Progress in the Arts |
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39 | (6) |
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C Borrowing and Progress in the Arts: "Smells Like Teen Spirit" |
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45 | (2) |
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D The Permission Problem: The Endowment and Entitlement Effects |
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47 | (2) |
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V From Fair Use to Fared Use |
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49 | (2) |
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3 The Individual as Consumer |
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51 | (42) |
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I Locating Users in the Copyright Skein |
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54 | (5) |
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A Utilitarian, Labor-Desert, and Personhood Justifications for Copyright |
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54 | (1) |
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B Copyright Theory and the Debate over Term Extensions |
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55 | (2) |
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C Considering User Interests and Rights |
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57 | (2) |
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II A Theory of Consumption and Communication: Comparing the Treatment of Identity Interests for Tangible and Intellectual Property |
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59 | (17) |
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A Property Rights and Personhood |
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59 | (2) |
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B Regulating Consumption, Customization, and Contextualization: Intellectual Property Law and the Mediation of Identity Interests |
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61 | (4) |
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C Intellectual Property and Identity Politics: Four Case Studies |
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65 | (11) |
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III Parchment, Pixels, and Personhood: The Unauthorized Possession and Private Use of Copyrighted Works |
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76 | (14) |
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A Access to Knowledge and Information and the Importance of Private Use Rights |
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77 | (2) |
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B The Historical Protection of Unauthorized Possession and Private Use |
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79 | (4) |
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C The Growing Threat to Possession and Private Use Rights |
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83 | (7) |
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90 | (3) |
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4 The Individual as Creator |
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93 | (34) |
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I Art, Aura, and Authenticity |
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93 | (3) |
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II The Emperor Has No Copyright: Reexamining Copyrights Registration Requirement |
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96 | (20) |
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A Challenging the Conventional Wisdom on American Copyright Protection: Content Hierarchy and the Registration Requirement |
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96 | (1) |
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B Registration and the Pivotal Role of Statutory Damages and Attorneys' Fees |
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97 | (3) |
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C Hierarchy and the Unsophisticated Content Creator |
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100 | (9) |
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D Registration and the Failure of the Notice Function |
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109 | (5) |
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E Registration, Remedies, and International Treaty Obligations |
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114 | (2) |
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116 | (8) |
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A Section 412 Reform and Its Discontents |
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117 | (4) |
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121 | (2) |
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C Consecration, Critical Theory, and Music |
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123 | (1) |
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IV Caveats and Considerations for Reform |
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124 | (3) |
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5 The Individual as Reformer |
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127 | (42) |
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I Restoring Balance to Copyright Law |
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127 | (2) |
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II Restoring the Balance Between Users and Creators |
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129 | (18) |
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A In Terrorem: Copyright Overreach |
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129 | (6) |
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B Reforming Copyrights In Terrorem Regime |
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135 | (12) |
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II Restoring the Balance Between Sophisticated and Unsophisticated Parties |
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147 | (5) |
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A Tempering the Size of Statutory Damages Awards |
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147 | (4) |
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B Protecting Unsophisticated Creators |
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151 | (1) |
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III Restoring the Balance Between Transformers and Creators |
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152 | (14) |
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A The Problem with Fair Use: Transformation, Progress in the Art, and Free Speech |
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152 | (3) |
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B Reconciling First Amendment Rights and Copyright Protection: An Intermediate Liability Proposal |
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155 | (11) |
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IV Toward a Copyright 2.0 |
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166 | (3) |
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Conclusion: Copyright, Consecration, and Control |
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169 | (20) |
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I IP as Hegemonic Battleground |
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170 | (6) |
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A Guantanamo's Greatest Hits: Music, Torture, and Copyright Law |
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171 | (3) |
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B The Exemption of State Governments from Infringement Liability |
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174 | (2) |
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II Of Procedure and Substance: The Modern Hierarchies of Protection |
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176 | (11) |
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A Love and Law: The Modern Clash |
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176 | (2) |
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B Copyright Registration and the Sacralization of Cultural Production |
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178 | (2) |
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C Aesthetic Judgment as Hegemonic Project |
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180 | (7) |
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IV The Future of Infringement Nation |
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187 | (2) |
Notes |
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189 | (74) |
Table of Cases |
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263 | (8) |
Index |
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271 | |