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El. knyga: Innate Immunity: From Louis Pasteur to Jules Hoffmann

(Emeritus Research Director at the National Center for Scientific Research, France)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Nov-2019
  • Leidėjas: ISTE Press Ltd - Elsevier Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128218105
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Innate Immunity: From Louis Pasteur to Jules HoffmannDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 27-Nov-2019
  • Leidėjas: ISTE Press Ltd - Elsevier Inc
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128218105
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Innate immunity is a new branch of immunology, confirmed by three Nobel Prize winners in 2011. It is the first line of defense against pathogens and is in a way the preliminary step of adaptive immunity which occurs later, and only present in vertebrates.

This book examines the way in which innate immunity was discovered in invertebrates. As a starting point, it looks at the work of Louis Pasteur on silkworm disease and the findings of Ilya Metchnikov, discoverer of phagocytosis. It also investigates André Paillot, who in 1920 demonstrated the existence of humoral immunity in insects, unrelated to the type of immunity that was initially thought to be present in all vertebrates.

Finally, Innate Immunity shows how the group directed by Jules Hoffmann found strong similarities between the innate immunity response of insects and mammals. The discovery of a receptor protein in Drosophila, which is also found in humans, was what led to Jules Hoffmann being awarded the Nobel Prize in 2011.
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction xi
Chapter 1 Louis Pasteur and Silkworm Disease (1865--1870)
1(64)
1.1 Introduction
1(2)
1.2 Current knowledge about silkworms and pebrine disease
3(5)
1.3 A disaster announced in France for silkworm farms
8(2)
1.4 Knowledge acquired on pebrine in the 19th Century
10(5)
1.5 Louis Pasteur's work on pebrine
15(46)
1.5.1 Louis Pasteur's career before 1865
15(3)
1.5.2 1865: the discovery of pepper disease (pebrine)
18(4)
1.5.3 1866: what problems to solve?
22(12)
1.5.4 1867: the first results obtained on pebrine
34(7)
1.5.5 1868: industrial egg laying and flacherie disease
41(8)
1.5.6 1869: having his method approved by rearers
49(7)
1.5.7 1870: Villa Vicentina in Italy
56(5)
1.6 Conclusion
61(4)
Chapter 2 Ilya Metchnikov at the Pasteur Institute (1886--1916)
65(42)
2.1 Introduction
65(2)
2.2 Ilya Metchnikov's biography
67(4)
2.3 The discovery of phagocytosis, the basis of immunity, in Messina
71(8)
2.4 Search for a phagocytic function in vivo
79(4)
2.5 Metchnikov in search of a place of freedom to conduct his work
83(2)
2.6 1887: a meeting with Louis Pasteur
85(2)
2.7 Metchnikov at the Pasteur Institute: affirming his conceptions
87(9)
2.8 Metchnikov, a quality teacher-researcher: steps towards the Nobel Prize (1908)
96(7)
2.9 Conclusion
103(4)
Chapter 3 The Post-Metchnikov Era at the Pasteur Institute (1920--1940)
107(54)
3.1 Introduction
107(2)
3.2 The researchers trained by I. Metchnikov
109(18)
3.2.1 Alexandre Besredka, Metchnikov's official successor
109(2)
3.2.2 Jules Bordet (1870--1961) Nobel Prize 1919
111(3)
3.2.3 Jean Cantacuzene (1863--1934), the Franco-Romanian student
114(9)
3.2.4 Felix Mesnil (1868--1938), Head of Department at the Pasteur Institute
123(4)
3.3 Creation of a group on Insect immunity
127(30)
3.3.1 Serguei Metalnikov (1870--1946): his scientific career before 1918
127(5)
3.3.2 S. Metalnikov's work on Insects
132(13)
3.3.3 S. Metalnikov's collaborators
145(12)
3.4 Conclusion
157(4)
Chapter 4 Andre Paillot against the "Phagocytic" Dogma: Humoral Immunity
161(38)
4.1 Introduction
161(2)
4.2 Precursors
163(4)
4.2.1 Felix D'herelle
163(1)
4.2.2 Rudolph W. Glaser in the United States
164(3)
4.3 Andre Paillot (1885--1944), the rebel
167(21)
4.3.1 His biography
167(5)
4.3.2 Andre Paillot's work on the humoral immunity of Insects
172(16)
4.4 "Continuers"
188(7)
4.4.1 The work of Vladimir Zernoff
188(4)
4.4.2 The work of Andre Charles Holland in Nancy
192(1)
4.4.3 The work of Emile Couvreur in Lyon
193(2)
4.5 Conclusion
195(4)
Chapter 5 The Crossing of the Desert for Invertebrate Immunity (1960--1990)
199(46)
5.1 Introduction
199(2)
5.2 The humoral immunity of Insects in North America
201(7)
5.3 Research in France on the innate immunity of Insects
208(13)
5.3.1 The comparative pathology laboratory (Saint-Christol-les-Ales)
208(7)
5.3.2 The biological control laboratory at the Pasteur Institute
215(1)
5.3.3 The CNRS Evolutionary Biology Laboratory (Gif-sur-Yvette)
216(5)
5.4 Transplantation: the "door opener" expected by Invertebrate immunologists
221(12)
5.5 Wanting to do well, results discussed and questioned
233(6)
5.6 Conclusion
239(6)
Chapter 6 The Strasbourg Laboratory: Towards the Nobel Prize (2011)
245(52)
6.1 Introduction
245(1)
6.2 The Strasbourg laboratory in the 1960s and 1980s
246(1)
6.3 The recruitment of Jules Hoffmann
247(3)
6.4 The work oriented towards the Insect's molting hormone: ecdysone
250(1)
6.5 Early work on locust immunity
251(4)
6.6 Hans Boman's laboratory, Stockholm University (Sweden)
255(6)
6.7 Establishment of an "Insect Immunity" team in the Strasbourg laboratory
261(3)
6.8 The entire laboratory switch to "all-immunity"
264(23)
6.8.1 Identification of antibacterial factors (AMPs) in Drosophila
268(6)
6.8.2 How are the genes encoding these antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) controlled and expressed?
274(8)
6.8.3 How does the Insect perceive the aggression of the pathogen, and can it discriminate between these different aggressions?
282(5)
6.9 The 2011 Nobel Prize Award recognizing innate immunity
287(6)
6.10 Conclusion
293(4)
Conclusion 297(10)
Index 307
Yves Carton, immunology graduate of the Pasteur Institute, worked as a geneticist at the EGCE-CNRS laboratory (Gif-sur-Yvette and University Paris-Saclay, France) and is currently Emeritus Research Director at CNRS; Since few years, he has dedicated himself to the history of science, in particular the fields of entomology, biological control, Darwinism and immunology.
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