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Integrated Evaluation of Disability [Minkštas viršelis]

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(Madras Medical College, Chennai, India. Government Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Chennai, India. Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, State of Kuwait.)
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 441 pages, aukštis x plotis: 280x210 mm, weight: 890 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Sep-2020
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 036765685X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367656850
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Integrated Evaluation of DisabilityDidesnis paveikslėlis
  • Formatas: Paperback / softback, 441 pages, aukštis x plotis: 280x210 mm, weight: 890 g
  • Išleidimo metai: 30-Sep-2020
  • Leidėjas: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 036765685X
  • ISBN-13: 9780367656850
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Pastovi nuoroda: https://www.kriso.lt/db/9780367656850.html
Raktažodžiai:
There are overwhelming demands for health and rehabilitation services due to rise in the number of disabled people. The existing literature on disability evaluation has only focused on impairment or functional limitation or earning capacity. They have not considered the skills fundamental to live, learn and work successfully in the community. This book addresses integrated evaluation of disability using Clinical Tools, Activity Participation Skills Assessment Scale, Personal Factors Measurement Scale, and Environmental Factors Measurement Scale. Physicians from all disciplines can use this method to evaluate disability pertaining to their respective fields.

Key Features



















Applies the principles of World Health Organizations International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health - ICF













Includes case studies in the hypothetical model in this book













Includes a Ready Reckoner Impairment Table provides impairment score for 120 common clinical conditions













Consists of an integrated software which computes percentage of disability for clinical conditions

Recenzijos

"While hardly easy to summarize or review, I loved this book and am confident I will make extensive use of not only its principles, but its fresh approach to a complex topic."

John T. Pierce, MBBS(MD) PhD (Navy Environmental Health Center)

Forewords xvii
Abdulla Ahmed Eyadeh xvii
Mayilvahanan Natarajan xix
S. Sabhesan xx
Perumal Thiagarajan xxi
S. Harikrishnan xxii
V. Velayutham xxiii
S. Ammamuthu xxiv
M.G. Rajamanickam xxv
Preface xxvii
Author xxix
Acknowledgments xxxi
Disclaimer xxxv
1 Introduction to disability
1(8)
1.1 Major life activities
1(1)
1.2 Who is disabled?
1(1)
1.3 Definitions of impairment, limitation of activity, participation restriction, disability
1(1)
1.4 Causes and classification of disabilities
1(2)
1.4.1 Mobility disability
2(1)
1.4.1.1 Motor disability due to congenital or inherited disorders
2(1)
1.4.1.2 Motor disability due to trauma
2(1)
1.4.1.3 Motor disability due to infections
2(1)
1.4.1.4 Motor disability due to rheumatic diseases
2(1)
1.4.1.5 Motor disability due to vascular diseases
2(1)
1.4.1.6 Motor disability due to malignancy
2(1)
1.4.1.7 Motor disability due to other causes
2(1)
1.4.2 Visual disability
3(1)
1.4.3 Hearing disability
3(1)
1.4.4 Mental disability
3(1)
1.4.4.1 Learning disability
3(1)
1.4.4.2 Cognitive (or) intellectual disability
3(1)
1.4.4.3 Psychological and psychiatric disabilities
3(1)
1.4.5 Multiple disabilities
3(1)
1.4.6 Disability related to medical conditions
3(1)
1.5 Temporary and permanent disabilities
3(1)
1.5.1 Temporary disability
3(1)
1.5.2 Permanent disability
3(1)
1.5.3 Progressive disability
3(1)
1.5.4 Regressive disability
3(1)
1.5.5 Intermittent disability
3(1)
1.6 Severity of disability
3(1)
1.7 Prevalence of disability
3(3)
1.7.1 Global prevalence
3(1)
1.7.2 Australia
4(1)
1.7.3 Britain
4(1)
1.7.4 China
4(1)
1.7.5 India
5(1)
1.7.6 Japan
5(1)
1.7.7 United States
5(1)
1.8 Disability adjusted life years---DALY
6(1)
1.9 Rehabilitation
6(1)
1.10 Importance of disability evaluation
6(1)
References
6(3)
2 Basis for Integrated Evaluation of Disability
9(14)
2.1 Methodology for developing an Integrated Evaluation of Disability
9(1)
2.2 Evolution of methods of disability evaluation
9(4)
2.2.1 WHO---ICIDH 1980
9(1)
2.2.2 Medical and social models
10(1)
2.2.3 National Center for Medical Rehabilitation Research (1993)
10(1)
2.2.4 New Institute of Medicine (IOM) Model (1997): Enabling--Disabling Process Model
10(1)
2.2.5 Institute of Medicine Mathematical Model of Disability
10(1)
2.2.6 World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule (2000)
11(1)
2.2.7 International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health 2001
11(1)
2.2.7.1 Impairments, activity limitations, and participation restrictions
11(1)
2.2.7.2 Environmental factors and personal factors
11(1)
2.2.7.3 Biopsychosocial approach
12(1)
2.2.8 World Bank (2007)
12(1)
2.2.9 Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990(2009)
12(1)
2.2.10 World Disability Report (2011)
13(1)
2.2.11 Prevailing methods of disability evaluation in other countries
13(1)
2.2.12 Prevailing methods of disability evaluation based on ICF
13(1)
2.3 Integrated Evaluation of Disability
13(9)
2.3.1 Concept of the Integrated Evaluation of Disability
13(1)
2.3.2 Need for an integrated evaluation
13(2)
2.3.3 Scope of an Integrated Evaluation of Disability
15(1)
2.3.4 Integrated Evaluation of Disability---Illustrations
15(1)
2.3.4.1 Flaccid paralysis---Right lower extremity
15(1)
2.3.4.2 End-stage renal disease
15(1)
2.3.4.3 Deafness
16(1)
2.3.5 Clinical methods/tools/scales
16(1)
2.3.5.1 Impairment
17(1)
2.3.5.2 Limitation of activity and participation restriction
18(1)
2.3.5.3 Personal and environmental factors
18(1)
2.3.6 Severity scale for disability
18(1)
2.3.7 Basis for assigning impairment or disability
18(1)
2.3.8 Combining impairment by formula
18(1)
2.3.9 Combining impairment, limitation of activity, and participation restriction
18(2)
2.3.10 Criteria for permanent impairment
20(1)
2.3.11 Qualification of personnel to perform disability evaluation
20(1)
2.3.12 Ready Reckoner Impairment Table
20(1)
2.3.13 Software
20(1)
2.3.14 Roadmap to adopt Integrated Evaluation of Disability
20(2)
References
22(1)
3 Literature review and selection of clinical tools and scales
23(14)
3.1 Selection of functions and structures for evaluation of impairment
23(1)
3.2 Review of literature and identification of clinical tools and scales
23(1)
3.3 Selection of activities, participation, and environmental factors
23(3)
3.4 Review of literature and identification of scales for evaluation of limitation of activity, participation restriction, and environmental and personal factors
26(5)
3.4.1 Functional Status Measures
27(1)
3.4.1.1 Pulses
27(1)
3.4.1.2 Barthel Index
27(1)
3.4.1.3 Katz ADL
27(1)
3.4.1.4 Level of Rehabilitation Scale
27(1)
3.4.1.5 Patient Evaluation and Conference System
27(1)
3.4.1.6 FIM---Functional Independence Measure Instrument
27(1)
3.4.2 Disability: Functional status and quality of life measures
28(1)
3.4.2.1 WHOQOL---100
28(1)
3.4.2.2 Disability Interview Schedule
28(1)
3.4.2.3 Lambeth Disability Screening Questionnaire (Version 3)
28(1)
3.4.2.4 OECD Long-Term Disability Questionnaire
28(1)
3.4.2.5 The Functional Status Rating System 1981
28(1)
3.4.2.6 Functional Autonomy Measurement System---SMAF
28(1)
3.4.3 Health-related quality of life outcome measures
28(1)
3.4.3.1 Nottingham Health Profile
28(1)
3.4.3.2 Sickness Impact Profile
28(1)
3.4.3.3 Short-Form 36
28(1)
3.4.3.4 Quality of Well-Being Scale
29(1)
3.4.3.5 EUROQOL (EQ-5D)
29(1)
3.4.3.6 Health Utility Index
29(1)
3.4.4 Functional and social status outcome measure
29(1)
3.4.4.1 Craig Handicap Assessment and Reporting Technique
29(1)
3.4.4.2 Community Integration Questionnaire
29(1)
3.4.4.3 London Handicap Scale
29(1)
3.4.4.4 Assessment of Life Habits Scale
29(1)
3.4.4.5 Frenchay Activities Index
29(2)
3.5 World Health Organization's Disability Assessment Schedule---WHODAS 2.0
31(1)
3.6 "Activity Participation Skill Assessment Scale," "Environmental Factors Measurement Scale," and "Personal Factors Measurement Scale"
31(2)
3.6.1 Modified Delphi Process
32(1)
3.6.2 WHODAS 2.0 and Activity Participation Skill Assessment, Environmental Factors Measurement Scales
32(1)
References
33(4)
4 Methods for assigning impairment
37(52)
4.1 Prevailing methods of assigning percentage of disability
37(5)
4.1.1 Earl D. McBride---Disability Evaluation: Principles of Treatment of Compensable Injuries 1955, 1964
37(1)
4.1.2 Henry H. Kessler's Disability: Determination and Evaluation (1970)
37(1)
4.1.3 Veterans Administration---United States 1976
37(1)
4.1.4 Disability weights: 1999--2002--2008
37(1)
4.1.5 New Institute of Medicine (IOM) Model (1997): Enabling--Disabling Process Model
38(1)
4.1.6 Mathematical Model of Disability
38(1)
4.1.7 Assessing disability in Europe: Similarities and differences---2002
39(1)
4.1.7.1 Belgium
39(1)
4.1.7.2 France
39(1)
4.1.7.3 Italy
39(1)
4.1.7.4 Germany
39(1)
4.1.7.5 Spain
39(1)
4.1.7.6 United Kingdom
39(1)
4.1.8 United States---American Medical Association---Guides to the Evaluation of Permanent Impairment: 2007
40(1)
4.1.9 Japan---Permanent Disability Social Insurance Programs
40(1)
4.1.10 India---Guidelines for the Evaluation of Various Disabilities and Procedure for Certification: 2001 and 2009
40(1)
4.1.11 Korea---Development of the Korean Academy of Medical Sciences Guideline for Rating Physical Impairment: 2009
40(1)
4.1.12 Australia---Social Security Determination: 2011
41(1)
4.1.13 Canada Pension Plan Disability: 2014
41(1)
4.1.14 Switzerland
42(1)
4.1.15 Kenya
42(1)
4.1.16 South Africa
42(1)
4.1.17 Netherlands
42(1)
4.1.18 China
42(1)
4.2 Prevailing methods of disability evaluation based on ICF
42(1)
4.2.1 World Bank
42(1)
4.2.2 Cyprus Republic
42(1)
4.2.3 Germany
42(1)
4.2.4 Italy
42(1)
4.3 Integrated Evaluation of Disability---Guidelines for assigning impairment
43(3)
4.3.1 Basis for assigning impairment/structure
43(1)
4.3.1.1 Homunculus
43(1)
4.3.2 Defining severity of impairment
43(1)
4.3.3 Severity scale---Impairment
44(1)
4.3.4 Sub-grades of severity scale
44(1)
4.3.5 Weighted score
44(1)
4.3.6 Minimum and maximum impairment---100%
45(1)
4.3.7 Impairment class
45(1)
4.3.8 Combining impairments
45(1)
4.4 Applying guidelines to assign impairment in Integrated Evaluation of Disability
46(1)
4.4.1 Motor impairment
46(1)
4.4.2 Sensory impairment
46(1)
4.5 Comparison of impairment in Integrated Evaluation of Disability with that of other countries
47(35)
4.5.1 Consciousness function
47(1)
4.5.1.1 Vegetative state
47(1)
4.5.1.2 Seizure disorders
47(1)
4.5.2 Intellectual function
48(1)
4.5.3 Sleep function
49(1)
4.5.3.1 Insomnia
49(1)
4.5.3.2 Sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
49(1)
4.5.4 Cognitive function
50(1)
4.5.4.1 Attention function
50(1)
4.5.4.2 Memory functions
50(1)
4.5.4.3 Orientation functions
50(1)
4.5.4.4 Perceptual functions
50(1)
4.5.4.5 Visuospatial perception function
51(1)
4.5.4.6 Calculation functions
51(1)
4.5.4.7 Abstraction function
51(1)
4.5.4.8 Organization and planning
51(1)
4.5.4.9 Judgment
51(1)
4.5.4.10 Problem solving
51(1)
4.5.5 Mental functions of language
51(1)
4.5.5.1 Aphasia
52(1)
4.5.6 Apraxia
52(1)
4.5.7 Articulation function
52(1)
4.5.7.1 Stuttering
53(1)
4.5.8 Voice functions
53(1)
4.5.9 Swallowing functions
54(1)
4.5.9.1 Oral swallowing function
54(1)
4.5.9.2 Pharyngeal swallowing function
54(1)
4.5.9.3 Esophageal swallowing function
54(1)
4.5.10 Impairment of functions in upper and lower extremities
54(1)
4.5.10.1 Motor functions
55(4)
4.5.10.2 Sensory function
59(2)
4.5.11 Micturition functions
61(1)
4.5.12 Bowel: Defecation function
61(2)
4.5.13 Genital functions
63(1)
4.5.13.1 Sexual function
63(1)
4.5.13.2 Menstrual function
64(1)
4.5.13.3 Procreation function
64(1)
4.5.14 Renal excretory function
64(1)
4.5.15 Liver function
64(1)
4.5.16 Cardiac function
65(1)
4.5.16.1 Coronary artery disease or hypertensive cardiovascular disease or cardiomyopathy
66(1)
4.5.16.2 Dysrhythmia
66(1)
4.5.16.3 Valvular heart disease
66(1)
4.5.17 Pulmonary functions
67(1)
4.5.17.1 Asthma
67(1)
4.5.17.2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
67(2)
4.5.17.3 Restrictive lung disease
69(1)
4.5.17.4 Chronic respiratory failure
70(1)
4.5.17.5 Respiratory muscle functions
70(1)
4.5.18 Hematologic system functions
70(1)
4.5.18.1 Anemia
70(1)
4.5.18.2 Leukemia
71(1)
4.5.18.3 Thrombocytopenia
72(1)
4.5.18.4 Hemophilia
72(1)
4.5.19 Functions of the immune system
72(1)
4.5.19.1 HIV
72(1)
4.5.19.2 Spleen---Splenectomy
73(1)
4.5.20 Visual functions
73(1)
4.5.20.1 Acuity of vision
73(1)
4.5.20.2 Visual field
74(1)
4.5.20.3 Contrast sensitivity
74(1)
4.5.20.4 Light sensitivity
74(1)
4.5.20.5 Color vision
75(1)
4.5.20.6 Double vision
75(1)
4.5.21 Hearing functions
76(1)
4.5.21.1 Sound
76(1)
4.5.21.2 Audiometry
76(1)
4.5.21.3 Evaluation of hearing impairment
77(1)
4.5.22 Impairment of structure
77(1)
4.5.22.1 Amputations
77(2)
4.5.22.2 Congenital skeletal limb deficiencies
79(1)
4.5.22.3 Dwarfism
80(1)
4.5.22.4 Impairment of structure of the skin---Burns
81(1)
4.6 Expert opinions
82(1)
References
82(7)
5 Validation of clinical methods/scales
89(56)
5.1 "Delphi Process"
89(1)
5.2 "Modified Delphi Process"
89(54)
References
143(2)
6 Impairment of functions of the nervous system
145(50)
6.1 Consciousness function
145(1)
6.1.1 Vegetative State
145(1)
6.1.2 Episodic loss of consciousness, uncontrolled seizure
145(1)
6.2 Sleep function
146(1)
6.2.1 Insomnia
146(1)
6.3 Cognitive function
147(3)
6.4 Language functions
150(1)
6.4.1 Receptive aphasia
150(1)
6.4.2 Expressive aphasia
150(1)
6.4.3 Speech apraxia
150(1)
6.5 Articulation functions
151(1)
6.5.1 Dysarthria
151(1)
6.5.2 Stuttering
151(1)
6.6 Voice functions
152(1)
6.7 Cranial nerve functions
152(2)
6.7.1 Olfactory functions
152(1)
6.7.2 Visual function
152(1)
6.7.3 Oculomotor function
152(1)
6.7.4 Trigeminal nerve
153(1)
6.7.5 Facial nerve
153(1)
6.7.6 Hearing function
153(1)
6.7.7 Swallowing functions
153(1)
6.7.8 Spinal accessory nerve
154(1)
6.7.9 Hypoglossal nerve
154(1)
6.8 Motor functions
154(28)
6.8.1 Muscle functions
155(1)
6.8.1.1 Muscle power function
155(7)
6.8.1.2 Muscle tone function
162(1)
6.8.1.3 Muscle endurance function
163(1)
6.8.2 Movement functions
163(11)
6.8.2.1 Voluntary movement function
174(1)
6.8.2.2 Involuntary movement
174(6)
6.8.2.3 Bradykinesia---Paucity of movement
180(2)
6.8.2.4 Translation of movement functions---Gait
182(1)
6.9 Sensory functions
182(9)
6.9.1 Exteroceptive sensation
182(1)
6.9.2 Proprioceptive sensation
182(1)
6.9.3 "Three-Point Scale"
182(1)
6.9.4 Pain
183(1)
6.9.5 Sensory ataxia---Rombergism
183(1)
6.9.6 Cortical sensation
183(1)
6.9.7 Sensory perversions
183(2)
6.9.8 Impairment of sensory function
185(6)
6.10 Combining impairments
191(1)
6.11 "Ready Reckoner Impairment Table"
192(1)
References
192(3)
7 Impairment of functions in the neuromusculoskeletal system
195(20)
7.1 Motor functions
195(4)
7.1.1 Muscle functions---Tendon
195(4)
7.2 Functions of the joints
199(10)
7.2.1 Mobility of joint function
199(7)
7.2.2 Stability of joint function
206(3)
7.3 Sensory functions
209(4)
7.3.1 Exteroceptive sensations of peripheral nerves
209(1)
7.3.2 Pain
210(3)
7.3.3 Sensory perversions
213(1)
7.4 Combining motor and sensory impairments
213(1)
References
214(1)
8 Impairment of urogenital functions
215(4)
8.1 Excretory function of kidney
215(1)
8.2 Micturition function
215(1)
8.3 Genital functions
215(3)
8.3.1 Sexual function
215(1)
8.3.2 Menstrual function
215(1)
8.3.3 Procreation function
216(2)
References
218(1)
9 Impairment of cardiovascular functions
219(10)
9.1 Cardiovascular functions
219(1)
9.1.1 Heart rate
219(1)
9.1.2 Rhythmic functions of the heart
219(1)
9.1.3 Functions of the ventricular muscles
219(1)
9.2 Evaluation of functions of the heart
219(4)
9.2.1 Coronary artery disease and hypertensive cardiovascular disease
220(1)
9.2.2 Cardiomyopathy
220(1)
9.2.3 Dysrhythmia
220(3)
9.2.4 Valvular heart disease
223(1)
9.3 Functions of the vessels
223(3)
9.3.1 Functions of the arteries
223(2)
9.3.2 Functions of the veins
225(1)
9.4 Functions of the lymphatic system
226(1)
References
227(2)
10 Impairment of pulmonary functions
229(8)
10.1 Pulmonary function
229(1)
10.2 Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases
229(2)
10.3 Asthma
231(1)
10.4 Restrictive lung diseases
232(1)
10.5 Chronic respiratory failure
233(1)
10.6 Respiratory muscle paralysis
234(1)
10.7 Sleep apnea/hypopnea syndrome
235(1)
References
236(1)
11 Impairment of functions in hematological and immunological systems
237(6)
11.1 Hematological system
237(2)
11.1.1 Anemia
237(1)
11.1.2 Leukemia
237(1)
11.1.2.1 Chronic myeloid leukaemia
237(1)
11.1.2.2 Chronic lymphoid leukaemia
237(1)
11.1.3 Clotting functions
238(1)
11.1.3.1 Thrombocytopenia
238(1)
11.1.3.2 Hemophilia
238(1)
11.2 Immune functions
239(1)
11.2.1 HIV
239(1)
11.2.2 Splenectomy
239(1)
References
240(3)
12 Impairment of swallowing, liver, and defecation functions
243(4)
12.1 Swallowing functions
243(1)
12.1.1 Oral swallowing
243(1)
12.1.2 Pharyngeal swallowing
243(1)
12.1.3 Esophageal swallowing
243(1)
12.2 Liver function
244(2)
12.3 Defecation function
246(1)
References
246(1)
13 Impairment of visual functions
247(12)
13.1 Visual functions
247(1)
13.2 Acuity of vision
247(3)
13.2.1 Distance vision
247(1)
13.2.2 Near acuity of vision
247(3)
13.3 Field of vision
250(3)
13.4 Contrast sensitivity
253(1)
13.5 Light sensitivity
253(1)
13.5.1 Night blindness
253(1)
13.5.2 Photophobia
253(1)
13.6 Color vision
254(1)
13.7 Double vision
254(2)
References
256(3)
14 Impairment of hearing functions
259(6)
14.1 Hearing functions
259(1)
14.2 Sound
259(1)
14.3 Audiometry
259(1)
14.4 Hearing impairment
259(1)
14.5 Illustrations: Audiograms
260(3)
References
263(2)
15 Impairment of amputations
265(14)
15.1 Guidelines for assigning impairment
265(1)
15.2 Upper extremity amputations
265(9)
15.3 Lower extremity amputations
274(4)
References
278(1)
16 Impairment of congenital skeletal limb deficiencies
279(4)
16.1 Frantz and O'Rahilly classification
279(1)
16.1.1 Terminal transverse deficiencies
279(1)
16.1.2 Terminal longitudinal deficiencies
279(1)
16.1.3 Intercalary transverse deficiencies
279(1)
16.1.4 Intercalary longitudinal deficiencies
279(1)
16.2 ISPO classification
279(2)
16.2.1 Transverse deficiencies
279(1)
16.2.1.1 Upper extremity
280(1)
16.2.1.2 Lower extremity
280(1)
16.2.2 Longitudinal deficiencies
280(1)
16.2.2.1 Upper extremity
280(1)
16.2.2.2 Lower extremity
281(1)
16.3 Impairment
281(1)
16.3.1 Impairment in transverse deficiencies
281(1)
16.3.1.1 Congenital skeletal limb transverse deficiencies---Upper extremity: Impairment
281(1)
16.3.1.2 Congenital skeletal limb transverse deficiencies---Lower extremity: Impairment
282(1)
16.3.2 Impairment in longitudinal deficiencies
282(1)
References
282(1)
17 Impairment: Dwarfism, disfigurement, deformities, and shortening
283(4)
17.1 Dwarfism/short stature
283(1)
17.1.1 History
283(1)
17.1.2 Definition
283(1)
17.1.3 Classification
283(1)
17.1.4 Disability in persons with dwarfism
283(1)
17.2 Disfigurement and deformities
284(1)
17.3 Shortening of extremity
284(1)
References
285(2)
18 Burns: Impairment
287(8)
18.1 Functions of the skin
287(1)
18.2 Burn definition, causes, classification, and sequel
287(1)
18.3 Impairment of structure and functions following burns
288(4)
References
292(3)
19 Intellectual disability or mental retardation
295(4)
19.1 Intellectual function
295(1)
19.2 Adaptive skills
295(1)
19.2.1 Social competence model and personal competence model
295(1)
19.2.2 Adaptive behavior
295(1)
19.3 Intellectual disability/mental retardation
296(1)
References
297(2)
20 Activities and participation
299(16)
20.1 Activity
299(1)
20.2 Participation
299(1)
20.3 "Activity Participation Skill Assessment Scale"
299(14)
Reference
313(2)
21 Environmental factors
315(10)
21.1 Environmental factors
315(1)
21.2 "Environmental Factors Measurement Scale"
316(8)
References
324(1)
22 Personal factors
325(8)
22.1 Personal factors and "Personal Factors Measurement Scale"
325(3)
22.2 "Working and Earning Capacity Measurement Scale"
328(3)
References
331(2)
23 "Ready Reckoner Impairment Table"
333(102)
23.1 Ready Reckoner: Higher Functions and Cranial Nerves
333(3)
23.1.1 Vegetative state
333(1)
23.1.2 Seizure disorders
333(1)
23.1.3 Mental retardation
333(1)
23.1.4 Insomnia
334(1)
23.1.5 Cognitive function
334(1)
23.1.6 Language function
334(1)
23.1.7 Articulation function
335(1)
23.1.8 Voice function
335(1)
23.1.9 Swallowing function
335(1)
23.1.10 Olfactory function
335(1)
23.1.11 Oculomotor function
336(1)
23.1.12 Oculomotor, trochlear, and abducent nerve functions
336(1)
23.1.13 Trigeminal nerve function
336(1)
23.1.14 Facial nerve function
336(1)
23.1.15 Vestibular function
336(1)
23.1.16 Hypoglossal nerve function
336(1)
23.2 Ready Reckoner---Cerebral palsy
336(6)
23.3 Ready Reckoner---Stroke
342(4)
23.4 Ready Reckoner---Parkinsonism
346(2)
23.5 Ready Reckoner---Extrapyramidal: Dyskinesia
348(1)
23.6 Ready Reckoner---Cerebellar and spinocerebellar ataxia
348(1)
23.7 Ready Reckoner---Friedreich's ataxia
349(2)
23.8 Ready Reckoner---SCI: Cervical cord
351(9)
23.9 Ready Reckoner---SCI: Dorsal cord
360(5)
23.10 Ready Reckoner---SCI: Central cord syndrome
365(2)
23.11 Ready Reckoner---Anterior cord syndrome
367(2)
23.12 Ready Reckoner---SCI: Brown-Sequard syndrome: Cervical spine
369(6)
23.13 Ready Reckoner---SCI: Brown-Sequard syndrome: Dorsal spine
375(4)
23.14 Ready Reckoner---Conus lesion
379(1)
23.15 Ready Reckoner---Cauda equinus lesion
380(2)
23.16 Ready Reckoner---Motor neuron disease
382(5)
23.17 Ready Reckoner---Peripheral nerve lesions: Upper extremity
387(3)
23.18 Ready Reckoner---Peripheral nerve lesion: Lower extremity
390(1)
23.19 Ready Reckoner---Myasthenia gravis
391(1)
23.20 Ready Reckoner---Muscular dystrophy
392(6)
23.21 Ready Reckoner---Ankylosis/limitation of joint movement
398(4)
23.22 Ready Reckoner---Musculoskeletal tendon functions
402(1)
23.22.1 Tendon functions---Shoulder, elbow, wrist, and hand
402(1)
23.22.2 Tendon functions---Hip, knee, ankle, foot
403(1)
23.23 Ready Reckoner---Upper and lower extremity amputations
403(1)
23.23.1 Upper extremity amputations
403(1)
23.23.2 Amputation of lower extremity
403(1)
23.24 Ready Reckoner---Congenital skeletal limb deficiencies
404(1)
23.24.1 Upper extremity transverse deficiencies
404(1)
23.24.2 Lower extremity transverse deficiencies
404(1)
23.25 Ready Reckoner---Dwarfism, disfigurement, and shortening
405(1)
23.25.1 Dwarfism
405(1)
23.25.2 Disfigurement and deformity
405(1)
23.25.3 Shortening of extremity
406(1)
23.26 Ready Reckoner---Burns
406(9)
23.27 Ready Reckoner---Genitourinary function
415(2)
23.28 Ready Reckoner---Swallowing, liver, and defecation functions
417(1)
23.29 Ready Reckoner---Hematological functions
418(2)
23.30 Ready Reckoner---Cardiovascular function
420(5)
23.31 Ready Reckoner---Pulmonary functions
425(3)
23.32 Ready Reckoner---Visual function
428(4)
23.33 Ready Reckoner---Hearing functions
432(1)
23.34 Ready Reckoner---Intellectual disability or mental retardation
432(3)
Index 435
Ramar Sabapathi Vinayagam, MD, in 1973, obtained a medical degree from Madurai University, India, and he also trained in physical medicine and rehabilitation at the University of Madras. After working as a tutor, assistant professor, and additional professor, he became the professor and head of the Institution of Government Institute of Rehabilitation Medicine, Madras Medical College, Chennai in 2001. He assumed the position of General Secretary from 19941999, and was vice president of the Indian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 20002002. Subsequently, he worked as a consultant 20022011, and was the chairman of the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation 20112012 in the Ministry of Health of Kuwait.





Dr. Ramar has more than 40 years of clinical experience with skills in electrodiagnostic studies, which includes electromyography and nerve conduction studies, and pain management including interventional pain management for peripheral joints, rehabilitation of stroke, rehabilitation of persons with spinal cord injury and amputation, and disability evaluation.





Dr. Ramar has served as a postgraduate teacher in physical medicine and rehabilitation; chairman, Board of Studies School of Physiotherapy, The Tamil Nadu Dr. M.G.R. Medical University, Chennai; postgraduate examiner in physical medicine and rehabilitation for universities in India and the National Board of Examinations, New Delhi. He has served as coordinator on the accreditation committee for the Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait; and as chairman of the Committee on Disability Evaluation, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Hospital, Ministry of Health, Kuwait. He has served as a resource person in WHO expert group committees and participated in the Delphi Process from India for the WHO Collaborative Project with Munich University, Germany on ICFInternational Classification of Functioning in Disability and Health 2000.





He has received numerous awards and honors, including the DHADHIJI Award in 1997 from the Indian Association of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. In 1993, he wrote the book Objective Evaluation of Impairment and Ability in Locomotor Handicapped; and in 2001, he authored a chapter in the book Neurorehabilitation Principles and Practice (Second Edition).