Atnaujinkite slapukų nuostatas

On Integrating Unmanned Aircraft Systems into the National Airspace System: Issues, Challenges, Operational Restrictions, Certification, and Recommendations Second Edition 2012 [Kietas viršelis]

Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
This book presents, in a comprehensive way, current unmanned aviation regulation, airworthiness certification, special aircraft categories, pilot certification, federal aviation requirements, operation rules, airspace classes and regulation development models.It discusses unmanned aircraft systems levels of safety derived mathematically based on the corresponding levels for manned aviation. It provides an overview of the history and current status of UAS airworthiness and operational regulation worldwide. Existing regulations have been developed considering the need for a complete regulatory framework for UAS. It focuses on UAS safety assessment and functional requirements, achieved in terms of defining an “Equivalent Level of Safety”, or ELOS, with that of manned aviation, specifying what the ELOS requirement entails for UAS regulations. To accomplish this, the safety performance of manned aviation is first evaluated, followed by a novel model to derive reliability requirements for achieving target levels of safety (TLS) for ground impact and mid-air collision accidents.It discusses elements of a viable roadmap leading to UAS integration in to the NAS.For this second edition of the book almost all chapters include major updates and corrections. There is also a new appendix chapter.

With a rewritten chapter on UAS safety evaluation including extra models, this fully updated edition remains a comprehensive examination of the myriad issues surrounding the integration of unmanned aircraft systems into the US national airspace system.
1 Introduction
1(10)
1.1 What's in a name UAV or UAS?
1(2)
1.2 Motivation and Rationale
3(4)
1.3 On Regulating Safety
7(1)
1.4 Book Objectives and Outline
8(3)
References
9(2)
2 Aviation History and Unmanned Flight
11(32)
2.1 Precursors of Flight and Unmanned Aircraft
11(3)
2.2 1916-1944
14(2)
2.3 The Machines of the Cold War
16(5)
2.4 Modern Systems
21(20)
2.5 Remarks
41(2)
References
41(2)
3 Current Manned Aviation Regulation
43(14)
3.1 Introduction
43(2)
3.2 Airworthiness Certification
45(3)
3.2.1 Type Certificate
45(1)
3.2.2 Standard Certificates
46(1)
3.2.3 Special Certificates
46(2)
3.3 Special Aircraft Categories
48(1)
3.3.1 Vehicles
48(1)
3.3.2 R/C Models
49(1)
3.4 Pilot Certification
49(1)
3.5 FAR Operation Rules
50(3)
3.5.1 Flight Rules
51(1)
3.5.2 Emergency Rules
52(1)
3.5.3 Maintenance Requirements
53(1)
3.6 Airspace Classes
53(2)
3.7 Regulation Development Models
55(2)
References
55(2)
4 Unmanned Aircraft Systems Regulation
57(34)
4.1 Introduction
57(1)
4.2 International Civil Aviation Organization
58(1)
4.3 United States
59(7)
4.3.1 RTCA
62(1)
4.3.2 ASTM
63(1)
4.3.3 SAE
64(1)
4.3.4 Current Certification Paths and Operational Guidelines
64(2)
4.4 Europe
66(6)
4.4.1 EASA
66(2)
4.4.2 EUROCONTROL
68(1)
4.4.3 EUROCAE
68(1)
4.4.4 Other European Union Activities
69(2)
4.4.5 National Activities
71(1)
4.5 Australia
72(1)
4.6 Canada
73(1)
4.7 Japan
74(1)
4.8 International UAS Associations
75(1)
4.9 Light and Small UAS
75(3)
4.9.1 United States
75(1)
4.9.2 Europe
76(2)
4.10 Military Regulations
78(13)
4.10.1 United States
78(3)
4.10.2 Europe
81(1)
4.10.3 NATO
82(1)
References
83(8)
5 UAS Safety Assessment and Functional Requirements
91(34)
5.1 Equivalent Level of Safely
92(4)
5.1.1 Manned Aviation Requirements
92(1)
5.1.2 Derivation of an ELOS for UAS
93(3)
5.2 UAS Accident Types
96(1)
5.3 Ground Impact Fatality Risk Modeling
97(11)
5.3.1 Ground Impact ELOS
99(1)
5.3.2 Exposure to Ground Impact Accidents
100(1)
5.3.3 Probability of Fatality of Exposed Persons
101(6)
5.3.4 Frequency of Ground Impact Accidents
107(1)
5.4 Mid-air Collision Fatality Risk Modeling
108(4)
5.4.1 Mid-air Collision ELOS
108(2)
5.4.2 Exposure and Risk of Fatality
110(1)
5.4.3 Conflicting Trajectory Expectation
110(1)
5.4.4 Collision Probability
111(1)
5.5 Model Choice
112(3)
5.6 Translating an Accident TLS to System Reliability Requirements
115(6)
5.7 Risk Mitigation
121(4)
References
122(3)
6 Case Studies
125(36)
References
159(2)
7 Thoughts and Recommendations on a UAS Integration Roadmap
161(32)
7.1 Regulation Development
162(4)
7.1.1 Applications
163(1)
7.1.2 Flight Characteristics
163(1)
7.1.3 Sacrificability
163(1)
7.1.4 Pilot Physically Removed from Cockpit
164(1)
7.1.5 UAS as Systems
164(1)
7.1.6 Take-off Weight
165(1)
7.1.7 Passengers and Cargo
165(1)
7.1.8 Payload
166(1)
7.1.9 Operational Security
166(1)
7.2 Operational Risk Reference System
166(4)
7.3 UAS Classification
170(8)
7.3.1 Classification Based on Ground Impact Risk
170(3)
7.3.2 Classification Based on Mid-air Collision Risk
173(3)
7.3.3 Classification Based on Autonomy
176(1)
7.3.4 Other Classifications
177(1)
7.4 Certification Paths
178(1)
7.5 Equipment Certification
179(1)
7.6 Operator Training and Certification
180(1)
7.7 Technology Issues
181(6)
7.7.1 Collision Avoidance
182(3)
7.7.2 Sensors
185(1)
7.7.3 Communications
186(1)
7.7.4 Power and Propulsion Systems
186(1)
7.7.5 Launch, Recovery and Flight Termination Systems
187(1)
7.8 Technology Testing and Evaluation
187(6)
References
188(5)
8 Epilogue
193(18)
8.1 Why UAS?
193(1)
8.2 UAS for Military Applications and Related Challenges
194(2)
8.3 UAS for Civilian Applications: Challenges and Issues
196(4)
8.4 Challenges, Enabling Technologies
200(1)
8.5 The Road Ahead
201(10)
References
202(3)
Glossary
205(4)
References
209(2)
A Human Vulnerability
211(14)
A.1 Injury Types and Severity
211(2)
A.2 Vulnerability Modeling Considerations
213(2)
A.3 Vulnerability Models
215(10)
A.3.1 Vulnerability Thresholds
216(1)
A.3.2 Log-normal Vulnerability Models
217(2)
A.3.3 The Viscous Criterion (VC) and the Blunt Criterion (BC)
219(3)
A.3.4 Penetrating Injuries
222(1)
References
222(3)
B Ground fatality probability model sensitivity analysis
225(12)
B.1 Background
225(1)
B.2 Analysis
226(3)
B.2.1 Kinetic Energy at Impact Results
228(1)
B.2.2 Parameter a Results
228(1)
B.2.3 Sheltering Factor Results
228(1)
B.3 Discussion
229(8)
References
229(8)
C UAS Reference
237(64)
Index 301