Table of Cases |
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xv | |
Table of EC Legislation |
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xxv | |
Table of International and National Legislation |
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xxxix | |
Table of Abbreviations |
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xliii | |
Note on the renumbering of the EC Treaty articles |
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xliv | |
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1. The scope of the undertaking |
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1 | (4) |
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2. The free movement of goods and services: an overview of the basic principles |
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5 | (17) |
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1. The goal of market integration |
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5 | (3) |
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2. The EC Treaty provisions on the free movement of goods and services |
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8 | (2) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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3. The scope of Article 28: from Dassonville to Keck and beyond |
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10 | (6) |
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4. The scope of Article 49 |
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16 | (1) |
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5. Derogations from the principle of free movement |
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16 | (6) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (3) |
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3. The conflict between intellectual property rights and the principle of free movement |
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22 | (8) |
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1. The essence of the problem |
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22 | (2) |
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2. Radical solutions to the conflict: harmonization of national law and the creation of unitary intellectual property rights |
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24 | (4) |
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3. The main principles established by the European Court of Justice |
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28 | (2) |
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4. The applicability of national laws governing the creation of intellectual property rights, in the absence of harmonization |
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30 | (21) |
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1. A questionable principle |
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30 | (1) |
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2. Keurkoop v Nancy Kean Gifts: the Court gives carte blanche to national law as regards design rights |
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30 | (3) |
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3. The concept of relative novelty |
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33 | (3) |
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4. Industrie Diensten Groep v Beele: the Court requires justification for a national rule against 'slavish imitation' |
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36 | (2) |
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5. Thetford v Fiamma: the Court enquires whether a rule of national patent law is justified |
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38 | (4) |
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6. CICRA v Renault: the Court still refuses to scrutinize national design laws |
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42 | (1) |
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7. Designations of origin: the Court requires justification |
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43 | (2) |
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8. Warner Brothers and Metronome v Christiansen: the Court requires justification for a national rule on video rental rights |
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45 | (1) |
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9. The principle of non-discrimination: the Phil Collins case |
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46 | (5) |
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5. The dichotomy between the existence of the right and its exercise |
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51 | (10) |
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1. The search for the appropriate test |
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51 | (1) |
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2. The origin of the distinction between existence and exercise in competition law |
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51 | (1) |
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3. The extension of the distinction to the free movement of goods |
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52 | (2) |
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4. The dubious merits of the distinction |
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54 | (2) |
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5. Article 295 as a guarantee of property rights |
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56 | (1) |
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6. The outer limits of the principle that Community law does not affect the existence of intellectual property rights |
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57 | (4) |
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6. The specific subject-matter of the right |
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61 | (14) |
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7. The exhaustion of rights |
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75 | (72) |
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1. The concept of exhaustion |
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75 | (3) |
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2. Different types of exhaustion: national, international, and Community-wide |
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78 | (2) |
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3. The early cases: Consten and Grundig and Deutsche Grammophon |
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80 | (2) |
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4. Sales by related undertakings |
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82 | (14) |
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4.1 The nature of the problem |
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82 | (1) |
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4.2 Sales by members of the same economic group |
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83 | (1) |
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4.3 Sales by an agent or distributor |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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84 | (3) |
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87 | (2) |
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4.7 Sales made In breach of a contractual agreement with the right-holder |
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89 | (4) |
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4.8 The distinction between direct sales and parallel imports |
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93 | (3) |
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5. Is consent the only relevant factor? |
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96 | (18) |
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96 | (1) |
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5.2 The Sterling Drug and Winthrop cases |
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96 | (3) |
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99 | (3) |
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102 | (6) |
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108 | (6) |
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6. Geographical scope of the exhaustion principle in EC law |
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114 | (33) |
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6.1 The basic rule: Community-wide exhaustion |
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114 | (1) |
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6.2 Exhaustion under the EEA Agreement |
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115 | (4) |
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6.3 Exhaustion under free trade agreements |
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119 | (10) |
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6.4 International exhaustion under EC law |
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129 | (18) |
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147 | (96) |
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1. The role of trade marks in a market economy |
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147 | (12) |
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1.1 The origin function of trade marks |
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147 | (2) |
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1.2 Ancillary functions of trade marks |
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149 | (4) |
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1.3 The Court of Justice's understanding of the role of trade marks |
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153 | (5) |
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1.4 The Community legislature's view of the functions of trade marks |
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158 | (1) |
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2. Trade mark conflicts in the European Community |
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159 | (35) |
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2.1 The nature of the problem |
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159 | (2) |
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2.2 The rise and fall of the doctrine of common origin |
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161 | (13) |
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2.3 The likelihood of confusion: who decides and by what criteria? |
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174 | (20) |
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3. Repackaging and relabelling of trade-marked goods |
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194 | (19) |
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3.1 The nature of the phenomenon |
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194 | (1) |
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3.2 The early cases: Hoffmann-La Roche and Pfizer |
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195 | (3) |
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3.3 Two types of repackaging: are they significantly different? |
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198 | (2) |
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3.4 Reappraisal of the case law in Paranova |
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200 | (4) |
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3.5 Further refinements of the Paranova principles |
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204 | (1) |
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3.6 Loendersloot: the relabelling of whisky |
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205 | (2) |
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3.7 The use of different trade marks for the same product |
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207 | (6) |
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4. Advertising and the exhaustion of the trade mark owner's right |
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213 | (6) |
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5. Unfair competition, consumer protection, and trade marks |
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219 | (24) |
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219 | (2) |
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5.2 The Court's general approach to unfair competition and consumer protection |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (13) |
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5.4 Misleading trade marks |
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235 | (8) |
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243 | (20) |
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1. The justification for patent protection |
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243 | (3) |
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243 | (1) |
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1.2 The Court of Justice's understanding of the rationale of patents |
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244 | (2) |
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2. Patents as an obstacle to the free movement of goods |
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246 | (3) |
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3. Compulsory licences and licences of right |
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249 | (10) |
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4. A fair deal for pharmaceutical patents? |
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259 | (4) |
10. Copyright |
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263 | (34) |
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1. Copyright; droit d'auteur; neighbouring rights |
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263 | (2) |
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2. The territoriality of copyright |
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265 | (1) |
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3. The specific subject-matter and essential function of copyright |
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266 | (5) |
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4. Reproduction right and performance right: the limitations of the exhaustion principle |
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271 | (2) |
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5. Coditel I: performance right, broadcasting and the freedom to provide cross-frontier services |
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273 | (4) |
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6. Council Directive 93/83/EEC |
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277 | (1) |
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7. Performance right and the free movement of goods |
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278 | (3) |
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8. Video rental and lending rights after harmonization |
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281 | (3) |
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9. International agreements concerning copyright and related rights |
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284 | (13) |
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284 | (2) |
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9.2 The Universal Copyright Convention (UCC) |
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286 | (1) |
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9.3 The International Convention for the Protection of Performers, Producers of Phonograms and Broadcasting Organizations (the 1961 Rome Convention) |
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287 | (2) |
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9.4 The 1971 Phonograms Convention |
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289 | (1) |
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9.5 The 1974 Satellite Convention |
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290 | (1) |
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9.6 The Agreement on Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights, including trade in Counterfeit Goods (TRIPS) |
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290 | (1) |
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9.7 The status and significance of the main international agreements In EC law |
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291 | (6) |
11. Competition law |
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297 | (106) |
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297 | (1) |
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2. The Treaty prohibition on anti-competitive collusion between undertakings |
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297 | (11) |
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2.1 The structure of Article 81 |
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297 | (1) |
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2.2 The implementation of the prohibition under Regulation No. 17 |
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298 | (4) |
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2.3 The reforms introduced by Regulation No. 1/2003 |
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302 | (4) |
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2.4 The substance of the prohibition |
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306 | (2) |
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3. Anti-competitive agreements and intellectual property rights |
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308 | (57) |
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308 | (1) |
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3.2 Assignments and licences in general |
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309 | (2) |
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3.3 Trade mark assignments |
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311 | (6) |
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3.4 Copyright assignments and licences |
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317 | (7) |
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3.5 Patent and know-how licensing |
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324 | (27) |
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351 | (7) |
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3.7 Trade mark delimitation agreements |
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358 | (5) |
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363 | (2) |
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4. The Treaty prohibition on abuse of market power |
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365 | (38) |
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4.1 The essentials of Article 82 |
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365 | (1) |
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4.2 Establishing the existence of a dominant position |
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366 | (10) |
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4.3 Can the exercise of an intellectual property right constitute an abuse of a dominant position? |
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376 | (27) |
Index |
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403 | |