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El. knyga: Intensification of Liquid-Liquid Processes

(University of Kansas)
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Explore and review novel techniques for intensifying transport and reaction in liquid-liquid and related systems with this essential toolkit. Topics include discussion of the principles of process intensification, the nexus between process intensification and sustainable engineering, and the fundamentals of liquid-liquid contacting, from an expert with over forty-five years' experience in the field. Providing promising directions for investment and for new research in process intensification, in addition to a unique review of the fundamentals of the topic, this book is the perfect guide for senior undergraduate students, graduate students, developers, and research staff in chemical engineering and biochemical engineering.

Explore and review novel techniques for intensifying transport and reaction in liquid-liquid and related systems with this essential toolkit. Providing a unique review of the fundamentals, in addition to promising directions for investment and research in process intensification, this is the perfect guide for students, developers, and researchers.

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Explores and reviews novel techniques for intensifying transport and reaction in liquid-liquid and related systems.
1 Introduction page
1(42)
1.1 Process Intensification
1(8)
1.2 Review of Current Equipment Technologies
9(14)
1.2.1 Mixer Settlers
9(2)
1.2.2 Mixer Settler Design
11(12)
1.3 Mixer Settler Columns
23(1)
1.4 Continuous Column Contactors
24(9)
1.5 Rotary Contactors
33(6)
1.5.1 GEA Westfalia Rotary Extractors
35(4)
1.6 Oscillatory Flow Contactors
39(4)
2 Droplets and Dispersions
43(38)
2.1 Introduction
43(4)
2.2 Drop Size: Discrete Drops
47(6)
2.3 Drop Motion
53(5)
2.4 Dispersions and Swarming Drops
58(1)
2.5 Drop Size in Stirred Tanks
59(4)
2.6 Dispersions in Continuous Liquid-Liquid Columns
63(7)
2.7 Dispersion and Coalescence Modeling: Quantitative Approach
70(11)
3 Mass Transfer
81(49)
3.1 Introduction
81(1)
3.2 Single Droplet Systems
82(6)
3.3 Single Oscillating Droplets
88(5)
3.4 Single Drop Systems: Quantitative Approach
93(9)
3.4.1 Fluid Transport
97(1)
3.4.2 Mass Transport
98(4)
3.5 Marangoni Instabilities
102(3)
3.6 Stability Criteria
105(2)
3.7 Theoretical Modeling of Marangoni Disturbances
107(7)
3.8 Swarming Droplet Systems
114(16)
4 Membrane-Based and Emulsion-Based Intensifications
130(37)
4.1 General Introduction
130(1)
4.2 Emulsions
131(3)
4.3 Surfactants and Emulsion Stability
134(6)
4.4 Hollow Fiber Technology and Pertraction
140(5)
4.5 Hybrid Liquid Membrane Systems
145(2)
4.6 Liquid Membrane Applications in Bioprocessing
147(2)
4.7 Membrane Emulsification
149(1)
4.8 Membrane-Based Extraction Processes/Liquid Membrane Processes
150(4)
4.9 Facilitated Transport
154(2)
4.10 Colloidal Liquid Aphrons
156(1)
4.11 Microextraction
157(1)
4.12 Recent Developments in Membrane Engineering
158(9)
5 High Gravity Fields
167(44)
5.1 Introduction
167(1)
5.2 Spinning Disk Technology
168(5)
5.3 Impinging Jets
173(3)
5.4 Variants of the Spinning Disk Contactor
176(4)
5.5 Combined Field Contactors
180(5)
5.6 Modeling of Liquid-Liquid Systems in High Gravity Fields
185(11)
5.6.1 Fundamental Summary
185(2)
5.6.2 Modeling of Spinning Disc Contactors
187(2)
5.6.3 Modeling Spinning Disc Contactors: Impinging Jet Systems
189(7)
5.7 Spinning Tubes
196(2)
5.8 The Annular Centrifugal Contactor
198(6)
5.9 New Applications of High Gravity Systems
204(7)
5.9.1 Enantioselective Separations
204(2)
5.9.2 The Rotating Tubular Membrane
206(5)
6 Electrically Driven Intensification of Liquid-Liquid Processes
211(58)
6.1 Introduction
211(1)
6.2 Summary of Fundamental Equations: Electrostatic Processes
212(5)
6.2.1 Coulomb's Law
212(1)
6.2.2 Gauss's Law
213(1)
6.2.3 Poisson's Equation
214(1)
6.2.4 Electrically Charged Drops
215(2)
6.3 Electrokinetic Phenomena
217(3)
6.4 Drop Formation
220(4)
6.5 Discrete Drop Size
224(11)
6.6 Drop Motion in an Electrical Field: Discrete Drops
235(8)
6.6.1 Calculation of the Electrical Field
235(6)
6.6.2 Prediction of Drop Motion in an Electrical Field
241(2)
6.7 Electrostatic Dispersions (Sprays)
243(8)
6.8 Mass Transfer
251(1)
6.9 Interfacial Disturbance
252(6)
6.10 Interfacial Mass Transfer: Further Theoretical Aspects
258(5)
6.11 Applications and Scale-Up
263(6)
7 Intensification of Liquid-Liquid Coalescence
269(43)
7.1 Introduction
269(6)
7.2 Interfacial Drainage, Drop Size, and Drop-Drop Interactions
275(6)
7.3 Probability Theory Applied to Coalescence Modeling
281(2)
7.4 Electrically Enhanced Coalescence
283(4)
7.5 Surfactants
287(4)
7.6 Electrolytes
291(3)
7.7 Phase Inversion for Enhanced Coalescence
294(2)
7.8 Ultrasonics
296(6)
7.9 Membranes and Filaments
302(10)
8 Ionic Liquid Solvents and Intensification
312(29)
8.1 General Introduction to Ionic Liquids
312(3)
8.2 Ionic Liquids and Intensification
315(5)
8.3 Ionic Liquids as Reaction Media
320(3)
8.4 Toxicity
323(5)
8.5 Degradability
328(2)
8.6 Role of Ionic Liquids in Biocatalysis
330(11)
9 Liquid-Liquid Phase-Transfer Catalysis
341(24)
9.1 Introduction
341(2)
9.2 Examples in Organic Synthesis
343(22)
9.2.1 Synthesis of Phenyl Alkyl Acetonitriles and Aryl Acetonitriles
344(1)
9.2.2 Synthesis of p-Chlorophenyl Acetonitrile
344(1)
9.2.3 Transfer Hydrogenation
345(5)
9.2.4 Alkylations
350(4)
9.2.5 Oxidations
354(2)
9.2.6 Nitrations
356(2)
9.2.7 Organic Polymerizations
358(1)
9.2.8 Pseudo-Phase-Transfer Catalysis
359(6)
Index 365
Laurence Weatherley is a Distinguished Professor at the University of Kansas.