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xix | |
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xxi | |
Foreword: An Introduction from an Outside Perspective - Reflections on International Arbitration with a Particular Focus on Sweden |
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xxiii | |
Preface |
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xxvii | |
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Chapter 1 Fundamental Principles of International Arbitration in Sweden |
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1 | (24) |
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1 | (4) |
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A Brief Historical Overview of Swedish Arbitration |
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1 | (1) |
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B Development of Sweden as a Venue for International Arbitration |
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2 | (3) |
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5 | (9) |
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A The 1999 Arbitration Act |
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5 | (1) |
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B Fundamental Principles of Swedish Arbitration Law |
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6 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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2 Confidentiality and Its Limits |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (1) |
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4 Finality of Arbitral Awards |
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7 | (1) |
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5 Non-Intervention of the Courts |
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8 | (1) |
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C Use of International Arbitration Authorities in Swedish Arbitration |
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8 | (2) |
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D A brief Comparison of the Act and the Model Law |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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4 Form of the Arbitration Agreement |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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6 The Concept of an Arbitral Award |
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11 | (1) |
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E Some Further Swedish Arbitration Law Issues |
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12 | (1) |
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1 Importance of the Request for Relief |
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12 | (1) |
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2 Importance of the Grounds of the Request for Relief |
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12 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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4 The Doctrine of Assertion |
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13 | (1) |
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III Institutional Arbitration in Sweden |
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14 | (1) |
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IV A Brief Comparison between the Act and the SCC Rules |
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15 | (10) |
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15 | (1) |
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B Procedures Prior to Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal |
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15 | (1) |
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1 Initiation of Arbitration |
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15 | (1) |
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2 Prima Facie Examination of Jurisdiction |
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16 | (1) |
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17 | (1) |
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4 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal |
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17 | (1) |
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5 Required Qualifications and Challenges to Arbitrators |
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18 | (1) |
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19 | (1) |
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7 Seat of the Arbitration |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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C Procedure before the Arbitral Tribunal |
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20 | (1) |
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1 Referral to the Arbitral Tribunal and Time Limits |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (3) |
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Chapter 2 Stockholm as a Forum for Investment Arbitration |
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25 | (28) |
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25 | (1) |
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II Investment Treaties and Investment Arbitration |
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25 | (2) |
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III ICSID, UNCITRAL or the SCC? |
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27 | (6) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (1) |
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29 | (1) |
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D Some Differences between Investment Arbitration under the SCC Rules and the ICSID Convention |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (1) |
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IV Stockholm as the Seat in Investment Arbitration |
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33 | (6) |
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A Does the Seat of Arbitration Matter in Investment Treaty Cases? |
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33 | (1) |
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B How Is Stockholm Chosen as the Seat of Arbitration in Investment Treaty Cases? |
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34 | (1) |
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1 Treaties Providing for SCC Arbitration |
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34 | (1) |
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2 The Seat of Arbitration May Be Stockholm in UNCITRAL Cases |
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35 | (1) |
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C The Statutory Framework Applicable to an Investment Arbitration Having the Seat of Arbitration in Stockholm |
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35 | (2) |
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D ICSID Arbitration in Stockholm |
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37 | (2) |
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39 | (1) |
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VI Challenge of Investment Treaty Awards |
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40 | (10) |
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40 | (1) |
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B Lack of Jurisdiction Is the Most Frequent Challenge Ground in Investment Treaty Cases and Often Requires a Determination of Complex Issues of Fact and Law |
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41 | (1) |
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C What Standard Is to Be Applied by the Court when Reviewing the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdictional Decision? |
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42 | (1) |
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42 | (1) |
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2 Court of Appeal Decisions in Petrobart I and II: The de novo Approach |
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43 | (1) |
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a Court of Appeal Decision in Petrobart I |
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43 | (1) |
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b Court of Appeal Decision in Petrobart II |
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44 | (2) |
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3 Supreme Court Decision in Petrobart I and Sedelmayer: The Doctrine of Assertion |
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46 | (1) |
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a Supreme Court Decision in Petrobart I |
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47 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
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4 Standard of Review: Concluding Remarks |
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49 | (1) |
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50 | (3) |
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Chapter 3 The Arbitration Agreement |
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53 | (28) |
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53 | (1) |
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II The Formation of Arbitration Agreements |
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54 | (6) |
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54 | (1) |
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B Formation of Contracts under the Contracts Act |
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55 | (1) |
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1 Agreement is Formed by Consent |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (1) |
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3 Incorporation of Standard Terms |
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56 | (1) |
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C Formation of Arbitration Agreements |
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56 | (1) |
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1 The Law Applicable to the Arbitration Agreement |
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56 | (1) |
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2 Entering into Arbitration Agreements |
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57 | (1) |
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3 Forming Arbitration Agreements in Other Ways than in Writing |
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57 | (1) |
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4 Concluding Arbitration Agreements by Passivity |
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58 | (1) |
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5 Incorporation of Arbitration Clauses |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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III The Scope of Arbitration Agreements |
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60 | (8) |
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A Contract Interpretation of Arbitration Agreements |
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60 | (2) |
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B Limiting the Scope to an Identified Legal Relationship |
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62 | (1) |
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C The Connection between the Legal Relationship and the Dispute Itself |
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63 | (1) |
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D The Doctrine of Assertion |
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64 | (1) |
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E Multi-party and Multi-contract Issues |
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65 | (3) |
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68 | (4) |
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A At What Point in Time Should a Dispute Be Arbitrable? |
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70 | (1) |
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B If Foreign Law Is Applicable to the Dispute |
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70 | (1) |
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C Civil Law Effects of Competition Law |
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71 | (1) |
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V Doctrine of Separability |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (3) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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2 Subrogation of Claims and Rights |
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74 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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75 | (1) |
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VII The Arbitration Agreement as a Bar to Judicial Proceedings |
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76 | (2) |
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78 | (3) |
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Chapter 4 Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal |
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81 | (14) |
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81 | (1) |
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II The Arbitration Agreement Forms the Basis of Jurisdiction |
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82 | (1) |
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III The Arbitral Tribunal's Examination of Its Jurisdiction |
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82 | (4) |
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A The Doctrine of Separability |
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82 | (1) |
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B The Principle of Kompetenz-Kompetenz |
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83 | (1) |
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C The Timing of Jurisdictional Objection |
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83 | (1) |
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D Mandatory and Facultative Circumstances Affecting the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdiction |
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84 | (1) |
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E The Form of the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdictional Decision |
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84 | (1) |
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1 Decision in the Form of an Order |
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84 | (1) |
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2 Decision in the Form of an Arbitral Award |
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85 | (1) |
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IV Examination by State Courts of the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdiction |
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86 | (3) |
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A Determining Jurisdiction in a Declaratory Judgment |
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86 | (1) |
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1 Jurisdiction of the Swedish Courts |
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87 | (1) |
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2 Requirements for a Declaratory Judgment |
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88 | (1) |
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B Examination of the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdiction in Challenge Proceedings |
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88 | (1) |
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V The SCC's Examination of Its Jurisdiction |
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89 | (6) |
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89 | (1) |
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B Dismissal If the SCC Manifestly Lacks Jurisdiction |
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89 | (1) |
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C Referral of the Dispute to the Arbitral Tribunal |
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90 | (1) |
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90 | (5) |
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Chapter 5 Interim Measures |
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95 | (20) |
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95 | (2) |
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II Overview of the Statutory Provisions for Interim Measures |
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97 | (17) |
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A Statutory Provisions Empowering Swedish Courts to Order Interim Measures |
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97 | (1) |
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1 Court-Ordered Interim Measures Are Not Contrary to the Agreement to Arbitrate |
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97 | (3) |
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2 Requests for Interim Measures Prior to the Commencement of Arbitration |
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100 | (1) |
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3 Requests for Court-Ordered Measures in Support of Foreign Arbitration |
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101 | (1) |
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4 The Type of Interim Measures Which Courts May Order |
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102 | (2) |
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5 Procedures and Standards for Obtaining Interim Measures |
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104 | (2) |
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B Statutory Provisions Empowering Arbitrators to Order Interim Measures |
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106 | (2) |
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C The SCC Rules on Interim Measures |
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108 | (1) |
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1 The SCC Approach to Interim Measures |
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108 | (2) |
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2 The SCC Emergency Arbitrator Rules |
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110 | (4) |
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114 | (1) |
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Chapter 6 The Arbitrators |
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115 | (22) |
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115 | (1) |
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II Qualifications of Arbitrator |
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115 | (4) |
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A General Qualifications: Impartiality and Independence |
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115 | (3) |
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B Qualifications Agreed by Parties |
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118 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (2) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (1) |
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121 | (5) |
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121 | (1) |
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B Removal by Parties Jointly |
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122 | (1) |
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122 | (1) |
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1 Removal for Lack of Impartiality |
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122 | (1) |
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123 | (1) |
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3 Removal for Lack of a General Qualification or One Agreed by Parties |
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124 | (1) |
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124 | (2) |
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V Appointment of Arbitrator |
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126 | (3) |
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126 | (1) |
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B Number of Arbitrators and Manner of Appointment |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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129 | (8) |
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A Rights and Duties of Arbitrator |
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129 | (1) |
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1 Rights of Arbitrator: Remuneration |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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2 Enforcing Rights of Arbitrator |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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b Withholding Performance |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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133 | (1) |
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4 Enforcing Duties of Arbitrator |
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133 | (1) |
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a Reduction of Remuneration |
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134 | (1) |
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134 | (1) |
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a Remuneration of Arbitrator |
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134 | (1) |
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135 | (1) |
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B Arbitrator as Witness in Other Proceedings and as Subject of Discovery |
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135 | (1) |
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C Secretary to Arbitral Tribunal |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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136 | (1) |
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137 | (16) |
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137 | (16) |
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137 | (2) |
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B Law Applicable to the Merits of the Case |
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139 | (1) |
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1 Applicable Law Agreed by the Parties |
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140 | (2) |
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2 Applicable Law Determined by the Tribunal |
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142 | (2) |
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3 Restrictions on Party Autonomy |
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144 | (2) |
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4 The Scope of Lex Contractus |
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146 | (1) |
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147 | (4) |
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C Law Governing the Arbitration Agreement |
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151 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 The Proceedings |
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153 | (84) |
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153 | (2) |
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II Commencement of Arbitration |
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155 | (9) |
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A Request for Arbitration |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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2 Requirements under the Act |
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155 | (2) |
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a Requirement of an Express and Unconditional Request for Arbitration |
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157 | (1) |
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b Requirement of a Statement of the Disputed Issue |
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157 | (1) |
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c Requirement of a Statement on Choice of Arbitrator |
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158 | (1) |
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d Withdrawal of Request for Arbitration |
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159 | (1) |
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3 Requirements on Request for Arbitration under the SCC Rules |
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160 | (1) |
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4 Service of Request for Arbitration |
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161 | (2) |
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B Answer to Request for Arbitration and Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal |
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163 | (1) |
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III Multiparty Arbitrations |
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164 | (5) |
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164 | (1) |
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B Consolidation, Joinder and Intervention |
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165 | (1) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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3 Joinder and Intervention |
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167 | (1) |
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4 Drafting the Arbitration Agreement to Allow for Joinder and Intervention |
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168 | (1) |
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IV Conduct of Proceedings |
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169 | (18) |
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169 | (1) |
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1 Party Autonomy and Due Process |
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169 | (2) |
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2 Powers of the Arbitral Tribunal |
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171 | (1) |
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B Organizing the Proceedings |
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172 | (1) |
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172 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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173 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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174 | (1) |
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175 | (1) |
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5 Facts Relied on in Support of Request for Relief |
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176 | (1) |
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6 Amendment and Withdrawal of Claim |
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176 | (2) |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (1) |
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179 | (3) |
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3 Jurisdictional Hearings |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (3) |
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185 | (1) |
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G Conduct of Proceedings When One Party Is Absent |
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185 | (2) |
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187 | (14) |
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187 | (2) |
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189 | (1) |
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189 | (1) |
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2 Production of Documents |
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190 | (2) |
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192 | (1) |
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192 | (1) |
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193 | (3) |
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196 | (1) |
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D Inspection of Subject Matter of Dispute |
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197 | (1) |
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E Evaluation of Evidence and Burden of Proof |
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197 | (1) |
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F Court Assistance with Respect to Evidence |
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198 | (3) |
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201 | (3) |
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201 | (2) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (9) |
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204 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
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2 Fees of the Arbitral Tribunal |
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204 | (3) |
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207 | (1) |
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4 Expenses of the Arbitral Tribunal and the SCC |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (1) |
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209 | (3) |
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C Final Allocation of Costs between the Parties |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (24) |
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213 | (1) |
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1 Distinguishing between an `Award' and a `Decision' |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (3) |
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218 | (1) |
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218 | (1) |
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219 | (1) |
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B Requirements as to Form of Awards |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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2 More on Content of the Award |
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221 | (1) |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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C Decision-Making of the Arbitral Tribunal: Deliberations and Voting |
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225 | (1) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (2) |
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228 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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1 Time Limit for Rendering Award |
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229 | (1) |
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229 | (1) |
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3 Refusal to Render Award |
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230 | (1) |
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E Correcting, Interpreting and Supplementing Award |
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231 | (1) |
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231 | (2) |
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233 | (1) |
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3 Additional Remuneration to Arbitral Tribunal for Correcting, Supplementing or Interpreting Award? |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (1) |
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236 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Recourse to the Courts against an Arbitral Award |
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237 | (30) |
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237 | (1) |
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II Recourse to the Courts: Invalidity and Setting Aside under Swedish Law |
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238 | (19) |
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A Invalidity of the Award |
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240 | (1) |
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240 | (1) |
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2 Section 33 Item 1: Lack of Arbitrability |
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241 | (1) |
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3 Section 33 Item 2: Public Policy |
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242 | (2) |
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4 Section 33 Item 3: Defect in Form |
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244 | (1) |
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5 Section 33(2): Partial Invalidity |
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245 | (1) |
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B Grounds for Setting Aside the Award |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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2 Section 34 Item 1: Dispute Not Covered by a Valid Agreement between the Parties |
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246 | (1) |
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3 Section 34 Item 2: Excess of Mandate |
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246 | (4) |
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4 Section 34 Item 3: The Arbitral Proceedings Took Place in Sweden, Contrary to Section 47 |
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250 | (1) |
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5 Section 34 Item 4: An Arbitrator Has Been Appointed Contrary to the Agreement between the Parties or the Act |
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250 | (1) |
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6 Section 34 Item 5: The Arbitrators Lack Legal Capacity or There Are Grounds for Disqualification |
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251 | (3) |
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7 Section 34 Item 6: Other Procedural Irregularities |
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254 | (2) |
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256 | (1) |
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9 Section 34(3): Time Limit |
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256 | (1) |
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III Recourse to the Courts: Other Limitations on the Finality of Arbitral Awards |
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257 | (8) |
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257 | (1) |
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1 Section 35 of the Act: The Possibility for the Court of Appeal to Stay the Proceedings |
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257 | (1) |
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B Appeal of Award Declining Jurisdiction |
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258 | (1) |
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258 | (1) |
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2 Section 36(1): Appeal of Award Declining Jurisdiction |
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259 | (3) |
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3 Section 36(2): Appeal on Costs of Award Declining Jurisdiction |
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262 | (1) |
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C Appeal against Arbitrator's Compensation |
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263 | (2) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (2) |
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Chapter 10 Application of the New York Convention by Swedish Courts |
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267 | (38) |
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267 | (1) |
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II The Swedish Legal Framework on the Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards |
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268 | (2) |
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III The Distinction between Foreign and Domestic Awards |
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270 | (4) |
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IV Enforcement of Swedish Arbitral Awards |
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274 | (2) |
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274 | (1) |
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275 | (1) |
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V Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards |
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276 | (19) |
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A Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards |
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276 | (3) |
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B Grounds for Refusing Recognition and Enforcement of a Foreign Award |
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279 | (4) |
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1 Incapacity, Lack of Representation and Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement |
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283 | (1) |
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2 Violation of Due Process |
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284 | (4) |
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3 Arbitrators Exceeding their Mandate |
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288 | (1) |
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4 Irregularity in the Composition of the Arbitral Tribunal or the Arbitral Procedure |
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289 | (1) |
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5 Non-binding Arbitral Awards |
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290 | (2) |
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6 Arbitrability and Public Policy |
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292 | (3) |
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VI Separate, Partial and Interim Awards |
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295 | (1) |
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VII State Immunity from Enforcement |
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296 | (1) |
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VIII Enforcement of ICSID Awards |
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297 | (1) |
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IX A General Overview of Swedish Court Practice |
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|
297 | (8) |
Appendix I The Swedish Arbitration Act of 1999 |
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305 | (18) |
Appendix II Arbitration Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce |
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323 | (22) |
Appendix III Rules for Expedited Arbitrations of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce |
|
345 | (22) |
Bibliography |
|
367 | (10) |
How to Access Swedish Legal Authorities |
|
377 | (2) |
Table of Cases |
|
379 | (10) |
Index |
|
389 | |