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El. knyga: International Arbitration in Sweden: A Practitioner's Guide

  • Formatas: 440 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jul-2013
  • Leidėjas: Kluwer Law International
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789041148124
Kitos knygos pagal šią temą:
  • Formatas: 440 pages
  • Išleidimo metai: 01-Jul-2013
  • Leidėjas: Kluwer Law International
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789041148124
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Sweden is one of a handful of countries where the international arbitral process has reached a stage where the jurisprudence is replete with instances involving no local parties at all. Due in all likelihood to this context of especially credible neutrality, the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce (SCC) has emerged as a leading global arbitral institution. Whether the matter at issue is a business transaction dispute or a politicized conflict involving obdurate parties, the richness of its body of decided cases manifests the SCC’s authority and reliability throughout the converging world of international arbitration. The present book, written by thirteen eminent practitioners, provides a practical guide to international arbitration in Sweden, whether ad hoc or institutional. Among the many elements of practice and procedure detailed are the following: appointment, challenge, removal, and compensation of arbitrators; use of international legal sources such as IBA guidelines; choice of law by parties; SCC rules and procedures; multiparty arbitrations – joinder, intervention, consolidation; confidentiality; documentary evidence, witnesses, and experts; grounds for setting aside; party succession; Swedish court review of the arbitrator’s jurisdiction; and appeal of arbitrators’ compensation. In addition, readers will be exposed to a trove of pertinent references to important dispositions that have in recent decades been generated by the stream of major international arbitrations conducted in Sweden. Disputing parties wishing to know what will happen when their case is brought to Sweden for arbitration will find no clearer or more thorough guide. This book is an incomparable source for anyone called upon to act as arbitrator or counsel, or in any other capacity, in an international arbitration in Sweden.
List of Editors
xix
List of Contributors
xxi
Foreword: An Introduction from an Outside Perspective - Reflections on International Arbitration with a Particular Focus on Sweden xxiii
Preface xxvii
Chapter 1 Fundamental Principles of International Arbitration in Sweden
1(24)
Bo G.H. Nilsson
Bjorn Rundblom Andersson
I Introduction
1(4)
A Brief Historical Overview of Swedish Arbitration
1(1)
B Development of Sweden as a Venue for International Arbitration
2(3)
II Legal Framework
5(9)
A The 1999 Arbitration Act
5(1)
B Fundamental Principles of Swedish Arbitration Law
6(1)
1 Party Autonomy
6(1)
2 Confidentiality and Its Limits
6(1)
3 Due Process
7(1)
4 Finality of Arbitral Awards
7(1)
5 Non-Intervention of the Courts
8(1)
C Use of International Arbitration Authorities in Swedish Arbitration
8(2)
D A brief Comparison of the Act and the Model Law
10(1)
1 Introduction
10(1)
2 Scope
10(1)
3 Notices Provisions
10(1)
4 Form of the Arbitration Agreement
11(1)
5 The Arbitral Tribunal
11(1)
6 The Concept of an Arbitral Award
11(1)
E Some Further Swedish Arbitration Law Issues
12(1)
1 Importance of the Request for Relief
12(1)
2 Importance of the Grounds of the Request for Relief
12(1)
3 Iura Novit Arbiter?
13(1)
4 The Doctrine of Assertion
13(1)
III Institutional Arbitration in Sweden
14(1)
IV A Brief Comparison between the Act and the SCC Rules
15(10)
A Jurisdiction
15(1)
B Procedures Prior to Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
15(1)
1 Initiation of Arbitration
15(1)
2 Prima Facie Examination of Jurisdiction
16(1)
3 Pre-arbitral Relief
17(1)
4 Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
17(1)
5 Required Qualifications and Challenges to Arbitrators
18(1)
6 Advance on Costs
19(1)
7 Seat of the Arbitration
20(1)
8 Consolidation of Cases
20(1)
C Procedure before the Arbitral Tribunal
20(1)
1 Referral to the Arbitral Tribunal and Time Limits
20(1)
2 Conduct of Proceedings
21(1)
D The Award
22(3)
Chapter 2 Stockholm as a Forum for Investment Arbitration
25(28)
Nils Eliasson
I Introduction
25(1)
II Investment Treaties and Investment Arbitration
25(2)
III ICSID, UNCITRAL or the SCC?
27(6)
A ICSID
27(1)
B UNCITRAL Rules
28(1)
C Stockholm and the SCC
29(1)
D Some Differences between Investment Arbitration under the SCC Rules and the ICSID Convention
29(3)
E The ECT
32(1)
IV Stockholm as the Seat in Investment Arbitration
33(6)
A Does the Seat of Arbitration Matter in Investment Treaty Cases?
33(1)
B How Is Stockholm Chosen as the Seat of Arbitration in Investment Treaty Cases?
34(1)
1 Treaties Providing for SCC Arbitration
34(1)
2 The Seat of Arbitration May Be Stockholm in UNCITRAL Cases
35(1)
C The Statutory Framework Applicable to an Investment Arbitration Having the Seat of Arbitration in Stockholm
35(2)
D ICSID Arbitration in Stockholm
37(2)
V Applicable Law
39(1)
VI Challenge of Investment Treaty Awards
40(10)
A Introduction
40(1)
B Lack of Jurisdiction Is the Most Frequent Challenge Ground in Investment Treaty Cases and Often Requires a Determination of Complex Issues of Fact and Law
41(1)
C What Standard Is to Be Applied by the Court when Reviewing the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdictional Decision?
42(1)
1 Introduction
42(1)
2 Court of Appeal Decisions in Petrobart I and II: The de novo Approach
43(1)
a Court of Appeal Decision in Petrobart I
43(1)
b Court of Appeal Decision in Petrobart II
44(2)
3 Supreme Court Decision in Petrobart I and Sedelmayer: The Doctrine of Assertion
46(1)
a Supreme Court Decision in Petrobart I
47(1)
b Sedelmayer
47(2)
4 Standard of Review: Concluding Remarks
49(1)
VII Enforcement
50(3)
Chapter 3 The Arbitration Agreement
53(28)
Anders Relden
Ola Nilsson
I Introduction
53(1)
II The Formation of Arbitration Agreements
54(6)
A Introduction
54(1)
B Formation of Contracts under the Contracts Act
55(1)
1 Agreement is Formed by Consent
55(1)
2 Passivity
56(1)
3 Incorporation of Standard Terms
56(1)
C Formation of Arbitration Agreements
56(1)
1 The Law Applicable to the Arbitration Agreement
56(1)
2 Entering into Arbitration Agreements
57(1)
3 Forming Arbitration Agreements in Other Ways than in Writing
57(1)
4 Concluding Arbitration Agreements by Passivity
58(1)
5 Incorporation of Arbitration Clauses
58(1)
6 Burden of Proof
59(1)
III The Scope of Arbitration Agreements
60(8)
A Contract Interpretation of Arbitration Agreements
60(2)
B Limiting the Scope to an Identified Legal Relationship
62(1)
C The Connection between the Legal Relationship and the Dispute Itself
63(1)
D The Doctrine of Assertion
64(1)
E Multi-party and Multi-contract Issues
65(3)
IV Arbitrability
68(4)
A At What Point in Time Should a Dispute Be Arbitrable?
70(1)
B If Foreign Law Is Applicable to the Dispute
70(1)
C Civil Law Effects of Competition Law
71(1)
V Doctrine of Separability
72(1)
VI Party Succession
73(3)
A Singular Succession
73(1)
1 Assignments
73(1)
2 Subrogation of Claims and Rights
74(1)
B Universal Succession
74(1)
1 Bankruptcy
75(1)
VII The Arbitration Agreement as a Bar to Judicial Proceedings
76(2)
VIII Waiver
78(3)
Chapter 4 Jurisdiction of the Arbitral Tribunal
81(14)
Marie Ohrstrom
I Introduction
81(1)
II The Arbitration Agreement Forms the Basis of Jurisdiction
82(1)
III The Arbitral Tribunal's Examination of Its Jurisdiction
82(4)
A The Doctrine of Separability
82(1)
B The Principle of Kompetenz-Kompetenz
83(1)
C The Timing of Jurisdictional Objection
83(1)
D Mandatory and Facultative Circumstances Affecting the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdiction
84(1)
E The Form of the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdictional Decision
84(1)
1 Decision in the Form of an Order
84(1)
2 Decision in the Form of an Arbitral Award
85(1)
IV Examination by State Courts of the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdiction
86(3)
A Determining Jurisdiction in a Declaratory Judgment
86(1)
1 Jurisdiction of the Swedish Courts
87(1)
2 Requirements for a Declaratory Judgment
88(1)
B Examination of the Arbitral Tribunal's Jurisdiction in Challenge Proceedings
88(1)
V The SCC's Examination of Its Jurisdiction
89(6)
A Prima Facie Decision
89(1)
B Dismissal If the SCC Manifestly Lacks Jurisdiction
89(1)
C Referral of the Dispute to the Arbitral Tribunal
90(1)
D SCC Case Law
90(5)
Chapter 5 Interim Measures
95(20)
Patricia Shaughnessy
I Introduction
95(2)
II Overview of the Statutory Provisions for Interim Measures
97(17)
A Statutory Provisions Empowering Swedish Courts to Order Interim Measures
97(1)
1 Court-Ordered Interim Measures Are Not Contrary to the Agreement to Arbitrate
97(3)
2 Requests for Interim Measures Prior to the Commencement of Arbitration
100(1)
3 Requests for Court-Ordered Measures in Support of Foreign Arbitration
101(1)
4 The Type of Interim Measures Which Courts May Order
102(2)
5 Procedures and Standards for Obtaining Interim Measures
104(2)
B Statutory Provisions Empowering Arbitrators to Order Interim Measures
106(2)
C The SCC Rules on Interim Measures
108(1)
1 The SCC Approach to Interim Measures
108(2)
2 The SCC Emergency Arbitrator Rules
110(4)
III Conclusion
114(1)
Chapter 6 The Arbitrators
115(22)
Patrik Scholdstrom
I Introduction
115(1)
II Qualifications of Arbitrator
115(4)
A General Qualifications: Impartiality and Independence
115(3)
B Qualifications Agreed by Parties
118(1)
C SCC Arbitration
118(1)
III Disclosure
119(2)
A General
119(2)
B SCC Arbitration
121(1)
IV Removal of Arbitrator
121(5)
A Introduction
121(1)
B Removal by Parties Jointly
122(1)
C Removal Otherwise
122(1)
1 Removal for Lack of Impartiality
122(1)
2 Removal for Delay
123(1)
3 Removal for Lack of a General Qualification or One Agreed by Parties
124(1)
D SCC Arbitration
124(2)
V Appointment of Arbitrator
126(3)
A Introduction
126(1)
B Number of Arbitrators and Manner of Appointment
126(1)
C SCC Arbitration
127(1)
D Multi-party Situations
128(1)
VI Particular Issues
129(8)
A Rights and Duties of Arbitrator
129(1)
1 Rights of Arbitrator: Remuneration
130(1)
a Level
130(1)
b Maturity
131(1)
c Advance
131(1)
d Fixing
131(1)
2 Enforcing Rights of Arbitrator
132(1)
a Seeking Payment
132(1)
b Withholding Performance
132(1)
c Termination
132(1)
d Damages
132(1)
3 Duties of Arbitrator
133(1)
a Main Duty
133(1)
b Other Duties
133(1)
4 Enforcing Duties of Arbitrator
133(1)
a Reduction of Remuneration
134(1)
5 SCC Arbitration
134(1)
a Remuneration of Arbitrator
134(1)
b Exclusion of Liability
135(1)
B Arbitrator as Witness in Other Proceedings and as Subject of Discovery
135(1)
C Secretary to Arbitral Tribunal
136(1)
1 General
136(1)
2 SCC Arbitration
136(1)
Chapter 7 Applicable Law
137(16)
Christer Danielsson
I Applicable Law
137(16)
A Lex Arbitri
137(2)
B Law Applicable to the Merits of the Case
139(1)
1 Applicable Law Agreed by the Parties
140(2)
2 Applicable Law Determined by the Tribunal
142(2)
3 Restrictions on Party Autonomy
144(2)
4 The Scope of Lex Contractus
146(1)
5 Jura Novit Curia
147(4)
C Law Governing the Arbitration Agreement
151(2)
Chapter 8 The Proceedings
153(84)
Stefan Brocker
Kristoffer Lof
I Introduction
153(2)
II Commencement of Arbitration
155(9)
A Request for Arbitration
155(1)
1 Introduction
155(1)
2 Requirements under the Act
155(2)
a Requirement of an Express and Unconditional Request for Arbitration
157(1)
b Requirement of a Statement of the Disputed Issue
157(1)
c Requirement of a Statement on Choice of Arbitrator
158(1)
d Withdrawal of Request for Arbitration
159(1)
3 Requirements on Request for Arbitration under the SCC Rules
160(1)
4 Service of Request for Arbitration
161(2)
B Answer to Request for Arbitration and Constitution of the Arbitral Tribunal
163(1)
III Multiparty Arbitrations
164(5)
A Introductory Remarks
164(1)
B Consolidation, Joinder and Intervention
165(1)
1 Introduction
165(1)
2 Consolidation
166(1)
3 Joinder and Intervention
167(1)
4 Drafting the Arbitration Agreement to Allow for Joinder and Intervention
168(1)
IV Conduct of Proceedings
169(18)
A Introduction
169(1)
1 Party Autonomy and Due Process
169(2)
2 Powers of the Arbitral Tribunal
171(1)
B Organizing the Proceedings
172(1)
C Preliminary Issues
172(1)
D Interim Measures
173(1)
E Written Submissions
173(1)
1 Introduction
173(1)
2 Statement of Claim
174(1)
3 Statement of Defence
174(1)
4 Request for Relief
175(1)
5 Facts Relied on in Support of Request for Relief
176(1)
6 Amendment and Withdrawal of Claim
176(2)
F Hearings
178(1)
1 General
178(1)
2 Procedural Meetings
179(3)
3 Jurisdictional Hearings
182(1)
4 Merits Hearing
182(3)
5 Post-hearing Briefs
185(1)
G Conduct of Proceedings When One Party Is Absent
185(2)
V Evidence
187(14)
A Introduction
187(2)
B Documentary Evidence
189(1)
1 Reliance on Documents
189(1)
2 Production of Documents
190(2)
C Witnesses and Experts
192(1)
1 General Remarks
192(1)
2 Witnesses
193(3)
3 Experts
196(1)
D Inspection of Subject Matter of Dispute
197(1)
E Evaluation of Evidence and Burden of Proof
197(1)
F Court Assistance with Respect to Evidence
198(3)
VI Confidentiality
201(3)
A Parties
201(2)
B Arbitrators
203(1)
C Counsel
203(1)
D Witnesses and Experts
204(1)
VII Costs
204(9)
A Costs in Arbitration
204(1)
1 Introduction
204(1)
2 Fees of the Arbitral Tribunal
204(3)
3 Administrative Fee
207(1)
4 Expenses of the Arbitral Tribunal and the SCC
207(1)
5 Costs of the Parties
208(1)
B Advance on Costs
209(3)
C Final Allocation of Costs between the Parties
212(1)
VIII The Award
213(24)
A Categories of Awards
213(1)
1 Distinguishing between an `Award' and a `Decision'
213(1)
2 Final Award
214(1)
3 Separate Awards
215(3)
4 Consent Awards
218(1)
5 Default Awards
218(1)
6 Interim Orders
219(1)
B Requirements as to Form of Awards
219(1)
1 Statutory Requirements
219(2)
2 More on Content of the Award
221(1)
3 Reasons
222(2)
4 Dissenting Opinions
224(1)
C Decision-Making of the Arbitral Tribunal: Deliberations and Voting
225(1)
1 Governing Principles
225(1)
2 Deliberations
226(2)
3 Voting
228(1)
D Rendering the Award
229(1)
1 Time Limit for Rendering Award
229(1)
2 Delivery of Award
229(1)
3 Refusal to Render Award
230(1)
E Correcting, Interpreting and Supplementing Award
231(1)
1 General
231(2)
2 Time Limitations
233(1)
3 Additional Remuneration to Arbitral Tribunal for Correcting, Supplementing or Interpreting Award?
234(1)
F Legal Effects of Award
234(1)
1 Enforceability
234(1)
2 Res Judicata
235(1)
3 Other Effects of Award
236(1)
Chapter 9 Recourse to the Courts against an Arbitral Award
237(30)
Gisela Knuts
I Introduction
237(1)
II Recourse to the Courts: Invalidity and Setting Aside under Swedish Law
238(19)
A Invalidity of the Award
240(1)
1 In General
240(1)
2 Section 33 Item 1: Lack of Arbitrability
241(1)
3 Section 33 Item 2: Public Policy
242(2)
4 Section 33 Item 3: Defect in Form
244(1)
5 Section 33(2): Partial Invalidity
245(1)
B Grounds for Setting Aside the Award
245(1)
1 In General
245(1)
2 Section 34 Item 1: Dispute Not Covered by a Valid Agreement between the Parties
246(1)
3 Section 34 Item 2: Excess of Mandate
246(4)
4 Section 34 Item 3: The Arbitral Proceedings Took Place in Sweden, Contrary to Section 47
250(1)
5 Section 34 Item 4: An Arbitrator Has Been Appointed Contrary to the Agreement between the Parties or the Act
250(1)
6 Section 34 Item 5: The Arbitrators Lack Legal Capacity or There Are Grounds for Disqualification
251(3)
7 Section 34 Item 6: Other Procedural Irregularities
254(2)
8 Section 34(2): Waiver
256(1)
9 Section 34(3): Time Limit
256(1)
III Recourse to the Courts: Other Limitations on the Finality of Arbitral Awards
257(8)
A Cure of Defects
257(1)
1 Section 35 of the Act: The Possibility for the Court of Appeal to Stay the Proceedings
257(1)
B Appeal of Award Declining Jurisdiction
258(1)
1 In General
258(1)
2 Section 36(1): Appeal of Award Declining Jurisdiction
259(3)
3 Section 36(2): Appeal on Costs of Award Declining Jurisdiction
262(1)
C Appeal against Arbitrator's Compensation
263(2)
D Exclusion Agreements
265(1)
IV Procedural Aspects
265(2)
Chapter 10 Application of the New York Convention by Swedish Courts
267(38)
Pontus Ewerlof
I A Brief Background
267(1)
II The Swedish Legal Framework on the Recognition and Enforcement of Arbitral Awards
268(2)
III The Distinction between Foreign and Domestic Awards
270(4)
IV Enforcement of Swedish Arbitral Awards
274(2)
A Enforcement in Sweden
274(1)
B Enforcement Abroad
275(1)
V Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
276(19)
A Recognition and Enforcement of Foreign Arbitral Awards
276(3)
B Grounds for Refusing Recognition and Enforcement of a Foreign Award
279(4)
1 Incapacity, Lack of Representation and Invalidity of the Arbitration Agreement
283(1)
2 Violation of Due Process
284(4)
3 Arbitrators Exceeding their Mandate
288(1)
4 Irregularity in the Composition of the Arbitral Tribunal or the Arbitral Procedure
289(1)
5 Non-binding Arbitral Awards
290(2)
6 Arbitrability and Public Policy
292(3)
VI Separate, Partial and Interim Awards
295(1)
VII State Immunity from Enforcement
296(1)
VIII Enforcement of ICSID Awards
297(1)
IX A General Overview of Swedish Court Practice
297(8)
Appendix I The Swedish Arbitration Act of 1999 305(18)
Appendix II Arbitration Rules of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce 323(22)
Appendix III Rules for Expedited Arbitrations of the Arbitration Institute of the Stockholm Chamber of Commerce 345(22)
Bibliography 367(10)
How to Access Swedish Legal Authorities 377(2)
Table of Cases 379(10)
Index 389