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El. knyga: International Law and Policy on the Protection of Civilians

, (University of Pretoria)
  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Aug-2022
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009059657
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  • Formatas: EPUB+DRM
  • Išleidimo metai: 25-Aug-2022
  • Leidėjas: Cambridge University Press
  • Kalba: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009059657
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The book is intended for anyone who is interested in civilian protection and assistance in wars and internal conflicts. Terms and concepts as well as related practice and challenges are explained and put into context. The work of key States, the United Nations and other international organisations is considered in depth.

This is the first comprehensive treatment of international law and policy on the protection of civilians in armed conflict. In addition to international humanitarian and human rights law, jus ad bellum, disarmament law, and international criminal law are all critical to civilian protection. The book offers in-depth analysis and explanation of the normative framework while also outlining and discussing the policies of concerned States and international and humanitarian organisations. The role of the United Nations as a key actor is considered along with regional organisations such as the African Union, the European Union, and NATO. Particular attention is given to those at direct risk of harm during armed conflict, including children, women, persons with disabilities, and LGBTI persons.

Recenzijos

'International Law and Policy on the Protection of Civilians is a masterful guide to the multiple legal, political and normative influences that are transforming our understanding of obligations to protect civilians from violence. The result is a rich depiction not only of sources of civilian protection, but of the complex ways in which expectations evolve in a decentralised international system. Casey-Maslen and Vestner have rendered an invaluable service by preparing a volume that will be indispensable to state officials, military leaders, non-governmental organisations and anyone who cares about protecting the innocent from the ravages of conflict.' Mitt Regan, McDevitt Professor of Jurisprudence, Co-Director, Center on National Security, Georgetown Law Center 'In this wide-ranging and meticulously researched book, Stuart Casey-Maslen and Tobias Vestner explain with remarkable clarity the many ways in which international organisations, states and non-state actors protect civilians in and outside of armed conflict. From classical international law on the use of force and international humanitarian law to the evolving landscape of state protection policies or frequently overlooked topics, such as protecting older people and persons with disabilities, this book offers the most systematic treatment of the Protection of Civilians concept to date. It promises to be a go-to resource for academics and practitioners for years to come.' Patryk I. Labuda, Assistant Professor of (International) Criminal Law, University of Amsterdam 'Anyone who has had anything to do with 'PoC' will know how hard it is to translate sincere intentions into meaningful actions. This book by Stuart Casey-Maslen and Tobias Vestner makes a major contribution to building a better understanding of the topic and improving implementation. Easy to read and impressive in scope, it disentangles compartmentalised thinking on PoC and doesn't duck the issue of where still more clarity is needed. For those seeking more light on the grey area of Protection of Civilians, this publication will have enduring relevance and will serve them well.' Adrian Foster, Major General (Retd), CMG MBE, previous Deputy Military Adviser, UN Peacekeeping; Acting/Force Commander of the UN peacekeeping mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo 'This book is an insightful resource on civilian protection for everyone, from students to seasoned practitioners. The analysis of contemporary practice, focus on the normative legal frameworks, and discussion of different PoC approaches across international and regional organisations make it a definitive source on the topic. It provides a fantastic foundation from which political and military leaders, practitioners and the next generation of protection advocates can continue the vital work of further developing the ability to protect civilians in future conflicts.' Marla B. Keenan, Adjunct Senior Fellow, Strengthening NATO's Ability to Protect, The Stimson Center 'This book is important. It brings together and explicates the legal and policy architecture for Protection of Civilians that has been coming into focus over recent years. It is an important added value for anyone seeking to understand that architecture, and is a most welcome contribution to the literature.' Todd F. Buchwald, Professorial Lecturer in Law, George Washington University Law School, former Ambassador for Global Criminal Justice, United States Department of State

Daugiau informacijos

The first comprehensive treatment of international law and policy on the protection of civilians in armed conflict.
Foreword xv
Ambassador Thomas Greminger
Preface xvii
Introduction 1(16)
I.1 Who are `Civilians'?
2(4)
I.2 What is `Protection'?
6(4)
I.3 Who Protects Civilians?
10(1)
I.4 A Brief History of the Protection of Civilians
11(6)
PART I THE INTERNATIONAL LEGAL FRAMEWORK
17(90)
1 Jus ad Bellum and the Protection of Civilians
19(11)
1.1 Introduction
19(1)
1.2 The General Prohibition on Inter-State Use of Force
20(1)
1.3 UN Security Council `Authorisation' of Military Action
21(1)
1.4 UN Peacekeeping Operations and the Protection of Civilians
22(5)
1.4.1 Responsibility to Protect and the Protection of Civilians
24(3)
1.5 Humanitarian Intervention and the Protection of Civilians
27(2)
1.6 The Right of Self-Defence and the Protection of Civilians
29(1)
2 Protection of Civilians under International Humanitarian Law
30(20)
2.1 Introduction
30(2)
2.2 The Protection of Civilians in the Conduct of Hostilities
32(18)
2.2.1 The Rule of Distinction
33(6)
2.2.2 The Rule of Proportionality in Attack
39(1)
2.2.3 The Rule of Precautions in Attack
40(1)
2.2.4 The Protection of Civilian Objects
41(3)
2.2.5 Protection of Civilians under Foreign Military Occupation
44(2)
2.2.6 Civilians in the Power of the Enemy
46(4)
3 Protection of Civilians under Human Rights Law
50(17)
3.1 Introduction
50(1)
3.2 The Right to Life of Civilians in Armed Conflict
51(9)
3.2.1 Arbitrary Deprivation of Life
51(5)
3.2.2 The Duty to Investigate Suspicious Death
56(4)
3.3 The Right to Freedom from Torture and Other Ill-Treahnent
60(1)
3.3.1 The Prohibition on Torture or Other Ill-Treatment
60(1)
3.3.2 The Duty to Investigate Ill-Treatment
61(1)
3.4 The Right to Freedom from Arbitrary Detention
61(2)
3.5 The Right of Peaceful Assembly
63(1)
3.6 The Application of Human Rights Law to Non-State Actors
64(3)
4 The Protection of Refugees
67(7)
4.1 Introduction
67(1)
4.2 The Right to Seek and Enjoy Asylum
68(2)
4.3 International Humanitarian Law and Refugees
70(2)
4.4 The 1969 OAU Refugees Convention
72(2)
5 Disarmament Law and the Protection of Civilians
74(12)
5.1 Introduction
74(1)
5.2 The 1992 Chemical Weapons Convention
75(2)
5.3 The 1997 Anti-personnel Mine Ban Convention
77(4)
5.4 The 2008 Convention on Cluster Munitions
81(3)
5.5 The 2013 Arms Trade Treaty
84(2)
6 International Criminal Law and the Protection of Civilians
86(11)
6.1 Introduction
86(1)
6.2 War Crimes
87(5)
6.3 Crimes against Humanity
92(3)
6.4 Genocide
95(2)
7 The Prohibition of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence
97(10)
7.1 Introduction
97(2)
7.1.1 The Work of the Special Representative of the Secretary-General on Sexual Violence in Conflict
98(1)
7.2 The Prevalence of Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Armed Conflict
99(3)
7.3 IHL Rules on Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in Armed Conflict
102(1)
7.4 Sexual and Gender-Based Violence as a War Crime
103(1)
7.5 Sexual and Gender-Based Violence as a Crime against Humanity
104(2)
7.6 Sexual and Gender-Based Violence as Genocide
106(1)
PART II SPECIFIC PROTECTION OF CERTAIN HIGH-RISK GROUPS
107(58)
8 Protection of Women in Armed Conflict
109(6)
8.1 Introduction
109(1)
8.2 IHL Rules on the Protection of Women
110(2)
8.3 Women and the Death Penalty
112(2)
8.4 The Protection of Women in a UN Peacekeeping Mission
114(1)
9 Protection of Children in Armed Conflict
115(11)
9.1 Introduction
115(1)
9.1.1 The Definition of a Child
115(1)
9.2 The Application of the Convention on the Rights of the Child in Armed Conflict
116(1)
9.3 IHL Rules on the Protection of Children
117(1)
9.4 Enlistment in Armed Forces or Groups
118(4)
9.5 The Six Grave Violations
122(1)
9.6 Children and the Death Penalty
123(1)
9.7 Child Protection in a UN Peacekeeping Mission
124(2)
10 Protection of Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflict
126(14)
10.1 Introduction
126(4)
10.1.1 The Threats to Persons with Disabilities in Armed Conflict
127(3)
10.2 The Global Normative Framework
130(10)
10.2.1 IHL Rules on the Protection of Persons with Disabilities
131(1)
10.2.2 Protection under International Human Rights Law
132(1)
10.2.3 IASC Guidelines on Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities in Humanitarian Action (2019)
133(5)
10.2.4 Camp Coordination and Camp Management
138(1)
10.2.5 Food Security and Nutrition
138(2)
11 Protection of Older Persons in Armed Conflict
140(5)
11.1 Introduction
140(1)
11.2 The Threats to Older Persons in Armed Conflict
141(1)
11.3 Protection under International Human Rights Law
141(2)
11.4 Older Persons and the Death Penalty
143(1)
11.4.1 The Death Penalty under IHL
143(1)
11.5 Protection of Older Persons under IHL
144(1)
12 Protection of Medical and Humanitarian Personnel
145(6)
12.1 Introduction
145(1)
12.1.1 The Definition of Medical Personnel
145(1)
12.2 The Protection of Medical Personnel
146(2)
12.3 The Protection of Humanitarian Personnel
148(3)
13 Protection of Internally Displaced Persons
151(9)
13.1 Introduction
151(1)
13.2 The Normative Framework
151(9)
13.2.1 The Guiding Principles on Internal Displacement
153(3)
13.2.2 The Kampala Convention
156(4)
14 Protection of LGBTI Civilians
160(5)
14.1 Introduction
160(1)
14.2 Attacks against LGBTI Civilians in Armed Conflict
161(2)
14.3 LGBTI Persons and the Death Penalty
163(2)
PART III STATE AND INSTITUTIONAL POLICIES ON THE PROTECTION OF CIVILIANS
165(119)
15 The United Nations and the Protection of Civilians
167(23)
15.1 Introduction
167(1)
15.2 The Protection of Civilians in UN Peacekeeping Missions
168(13)
15.2.1 The 2019 DPO Policy
171(10)
15.3 Protection of Civilians by UN Agencies and Bodies
181(9)
15.3.1 Protection of Civilians and the Global Protection Cluster
181(2)
15.3.2 The Role of the Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights
183(1)
15.3.3 The Role of UNICEF in Child Protection in Armed Conflict
184(1)
15.3.4 The UNHCR and the Protection of Refugees
185(2)
15.3.5 WFP and the Protection of Civilians
187(3)
16 NATO and the Protection of Civilians
190(11)
16.1 Introduction
190(1)
16.2 The Policy Framework
191(3)
16.3 NATO and International Humanitarian Law
194(2)
16.4 NATO and International Human Rights Law
196(1)
16.5 Operation Unified Protector in Libya
197(4)
17 The African Union and the Protection of Civilians
201(8)
17.1 Introduction
201(1)
17.2 `Tiered' Protection of Civilians under the AU Guidelines
201(2)
17.3 Mandates to Protect Civilians
203(4)
17.4 The Power of the AU to Intervene to Protect Civilians
207(2)
18 The European Union and the Protection of Civilians
209(10)
18.1 Introduction
209(1)
18.2 The 2015 Concept on Protection of Civilians in EU-Led Military Operations
210(3)
18.3 DG ECHO Thematic Policy Document on Humanitarian Protection
213(2)
18.4 The European Union and International Humanitarian Law
215(1)
18.5 The European Union and International Human Rights Law
216(1)
18.6 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
217(2)
19 The ICRC and the Protection of Civilians
219(6)
19.1 Introduction
219(1)
19.2 ICRC Policy on Protection
219(4)
19.2.1 Guiding Principle 1: A Neutral and Independent Approach
220(1)
19.2.2 Guiding Principle 2: Dialogue and Confidentiality
220(1)
19.2.3 Guiding Principle 3: The Holistic and Multidisciplinary Character of ICRC Action
220(1)
19.2.4 Guiding Principle 4: Search for Results and Impact
221(1)
19.2.5 Ethical and Professional Standards for Protection
221(1)
19.2.6 The Principle of Humanity
221(1)
19.2.7 The Principle of Non-Discrimination
222(1)
19.2.8 The Principle of Impartiality
222(1)
19.2.9 `Do No Harm'
222(1)
19.2.10 Participation of Affected Communities
223(1)
19.3 Particular Challenges for the ICRC
223(2)
20 Switzerland and the Protection of Civilians
225(4)
20.1 Introduction
225(1)
20.2 The Swiss Strategy on the Protection of Civilians
225(2)
20.3 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
227(2)
21 The United Kingdom and the Protection of Civilians
229(10)
21.1 Introduction
229(1)
21.2 The 2010 UK Strategy
230(2)
21.2.1 Policy Area 1: Political Engagement
230(1)
21.2.2 Policy Area 2: Protection by Peace Support Operations
231(1)
21.2.3 Policy Area 3: Humanitarian Action
231(1)
21.2.4 Policy Area 4: State Capacity
232(1)
21.3 The Development of the 2020 Policy Paper
232(2)
21.4 The 2020 Policy Paper
234(4)
21.5 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
238(1)
22 The United States and the Protection of Civilians
239(10)
22.1 Introduction
239(3)
22.2 The US Department of Defense Law of War Manual
242(2)
22.3 The 2016 Executive Order
244(1)
22.4 The Army War College Military Reference Guide
245(1)
22.5 The National Strategy on Women, Peace, and Security
246(1)
22.6 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
247(2)
23 Brazil and the Protection of Civilians
249(5)
23.1 Introduction
249(1)
23.2 Responsibility While Protecting
250(2)
23.3 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
252(2)
24 India and the Protection of Civilians
254(4)
24.1 Introduction
254(1)
24.2 Responsibility to Protect
255(1)
24.3 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
256(2)
25 Norway and the Protection of Civilians
258(4)
25.1 Introduction
258(1)
25.2 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
259(3)
26 South Africa and the Protection of Civilians
262(3)
26.1 Introduction
262(1)
26.2 The 2020 UN Security Council Debate on the Protection of Civilians
263(2)
27 The Future of Protecting Civilians
265(19)
27.1 Enhancing the Protection of Civilians through the Law
266(5)
27.1.1 Clarity and Normative Development of IHL
266(3)
27.1.2 Making Refugee Law More Protective of Those Fleeing Armed Conflict
269(1)
27.1.3 More Force or Less?
270(1)
27.2 Enhancing the Protection of Civilians through Policy
271(4)
27.2.1 State Policy on the Protection of Civilians
271(1)
27.2.2 Organisational Policy on the Protection of Civilians
272(3)
27.3 New Challenges to the Protection of Civilians
275(9)
27.3.1 Urban Warfare
275(2)
27.3.2 Cyber Operations
277(2)
27.3.3 Great Power Conflict and Hybrid Warfare
279(1)
27.3.4 Protection of the Environment
280(2)
Conclusion
282(2)
Appendix 1 Overview of Relevant International Law
284(10)
A1.1 Introduction
284(2)
A1.1.1 The Definition of a State
284(1)
A1.1.2 The Definition of an International Organisation
285(1)
A1.3 The Definition of a Corporation
286(1)
A1.1.4 The Definition of a Non-State Actor
286(1)
A1.2 The Sources of International Law
287(4)
A1.2.1 Treaties
287(1)
A1.2.2 Soft-Law Instruments
288(2)
A1.2.3 Customary International Law
290(1)
A1.2.4 General Principles of Law
290(1)
A1.3 Applicable International Legal Regimes
291(1)
A1.4 The Relationship between International and Domestic Law
292(2)
Appendix 2 The Two Types of Armed Conflict under International Humanitarian Law
294(6)
A2.1 International Armed Conflict
294(2)
A2.2 Non-international Armed Conflict
296(1)
A2.3 Armed Conflicts May Exist in Parallel
297(1)
A2.4 The Key Differences in Applicable Rules in Armed Conflicts
297(1)
A2.5 The Prevalence of International and Non-intemational Armed Conflicts
297(3)
Index 300
Stuart Casey-Maslen is the author of The Right to Life under International Law (Cambridge University Press, 2021), the first comprehensive treatment of this fundamental right. He has worked in dozens of conflict-affected countries over the last thirty years and teaches at the University of Pretoria in South Africa on the Freedom from Violence in Africa Programme. Tobias Vestner leads the Security and Law Programme at the Geneva Centre for Security Policy (GCSP). He teaches and researches on the intersection between security policy and international law and is Honorary Senior Research Fellow at the University of Exeter, Fellow at Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (NATO), and reserve Legal Advisor at the Swiss Armed Forces Staff.