Preface |
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xiii | |
1. The Management World in the Twenty-First Century |
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3 | |
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5 | |
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The Meaning of Globalization for Managers |
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6 | |
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Understanding Attitudes to Globalization |
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8 | |
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The Future of Globalization |
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10 | |
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Cross-National Convergence and Divergence |
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12 | |
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The World in 2010 and Beyond |
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2. The Cultural Environment |
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Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Value Orientation Model |
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The Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck Model in International Management |
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24 | |
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Hofstede's Value Survey Model |
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26 | |
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Limitations of the Value Survey Model |
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28 | |
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Using the Value Survey Model in International Management |
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29 | |
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31 | |
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Smith and Peterson (1988) Event Management Approach |
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35 | |
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Alternative Cultural Models |
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38 | |
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Ethnocentrism and Parochialism |
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43 | |
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Variation Within Cultures |
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44 | |
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44 | |
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Understanding Subcultures |
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Understanding Overlapping Cultures |
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The Importance of Cultural Values for International Managers |
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47 | |
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3. The Political and Regulatory Environment |
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51 | |
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53 | |
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Government, Business, and Society |
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57 | |
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Government View of Business |
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58 | |
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59 | |
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62 | |
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63 | |
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Interference in Operations |
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66 | |
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Assessment and Management of Political Risk |
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66 | |
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67 | |
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Factors Affecting Political Risk |
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68 | |
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Defensive Political Risk Management |
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70 | |
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Integrative Political Risk Management |
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71 | |
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72 | |
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73 | |
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4. The Role of History and Geography in International Management |
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77 | |
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78 | |
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78 | |
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Understanding History and Geography |
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78 | |
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History, Values, and Behavior |
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Geography, Values, and Behavior |
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80 | |
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Influences on Language, Religion, and Economics |
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Managing Internationally: The Role of History and Geography |
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88 | |
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International Trade and Investment |
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Regional Economic Linkages |
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91 | |
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5. Language and Religion in International Management |
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98 | |
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98 | |
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98 | |
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101 | |
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The Impact of Homogeneity |
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The Impact of Heterogeneity |
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102 | |
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102 | |
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103 | |
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Managing Language Differences |
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104 | |
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104 | |
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Translation and Interpretation |
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105 | |
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107 | |
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The Expression of Religion |
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108 | |
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Major Religions of the World |
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115 | |
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6. Economic Development and the Management of Organizational Behavior and Human Resources |
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116 | |
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Understanding Development Issues |
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Definitions of Development |
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119 | |
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120 | |
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Characteristics of Developing Countries |
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122 | |
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The Impact of Level of Development |
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124 | |
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Demography and Development |
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126 | |
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130 | |
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134 | |
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7. Motivation in a Cross-National Context |
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140 | |
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North American Theories of Motivation |
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141 | |
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The Role of Needs in Motivation |
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142 | |
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The Role of Equity in Motivation |
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147 | |
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The Role of Rewards in Motivation |
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148 | |
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The Role of Goals and Expectations in Motivation |
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151 | |
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The Role of Delegation and Participation in Motivation |
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154 | |
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Is Motivation Universal or Culture Bound? |
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155 | |
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158 | |
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158 | |
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8. Leadership in a Cross-National Context |
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160 | |
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160 | |
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161 | |
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Supports/Substitutes for Leadership |
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167 | |
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Charismatic and Transformational Leadership and the GLOBE Project |
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169 | |
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171 | |
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Variation in Leadership Concepts |
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172 | |
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Some Cultural Interactions |
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176 | |
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179 | |
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180 | |
9. Cross-National Dimensions of Communication and Negotiation |
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Communication Is a Process |
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Communication Includes Purposive and Expressive Messages |
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Communication Is Made Up of Multi-Unit Signals |
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Communication Depends on the Context for Its Meaning |
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Communication Depends on the Competence of the Communicators |
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186 | |
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Barriers to Cross-National Communication Competence |
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187 | |
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Ignorance of Rules of Communication |
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187 | |
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190 | |
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192 | |
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193 | |
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Negotiations in International Contexts |
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194 | |
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195 | |
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Negotiating Norms in Selected Countries |
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199 | |
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203 | |
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204 | |
10. Human Resource Choices in a Cross-National Context |
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206 | |
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206 | |
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Groups of Employees in International Firms |
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206 | |
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Employee Groups: Benefits and Drawbacks |
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207 | |
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Parent Country Nationals (PCNs) |
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208 | |
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Host Country Nationals (HCNs) |
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210 | |
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Third Country Nationals (TCNs) |
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211 | |
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Staffing and the International Product Life Cycle |
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215 | |
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216 | |
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Organizational Structure and International HRM Choices |
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218 | |
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Selection and Training of International Managers |
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220 | |
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224 | |
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225 | |
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Promotion, Career Development, Retirement |
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226 | |
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227 | |
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228 | |
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228 | |
11. Managing the Expatriate Experience |
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229 | |
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229 | |
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Special Issues Associated with Expatriates |
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229 | |
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230 | |
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The Cycle of Culture Shock and Cross-Cultural Adjustment |
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232 | |
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Determinants of Expatriate Adjustment |
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234 | |
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238 | |
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Approaches to Cross-Cultural Training |
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239 | |
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242 | |
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243 | |
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247 | |
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247 | |
12. Special Issues in International Human Resource Management |
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248 | |
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248 | |
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The Role of Women in Business Around the World |
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249 | |
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Some Examples of Women's Role in Business |
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251 | |
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255 | |
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Women as Managers in Different Countries |
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256 | |
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The Role of Women as Managers in Selected Locations |
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257 | |
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Women as International Managers |
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259 | |
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Other Personal Characteristics |
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262 | |
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Ethics in International Management Decisions |
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263 | |
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Universal Versus Culturally Contingent |
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266 | |
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Climate Change: The New Ethical Issue |
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267 | |
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268 | |
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268 | |
Index |
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271 | |
About the Author |
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285 | |