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El. knyga: Internationalizing the Social Sciences in China: The Disciplinary Development of Sociology at Tsinghua University

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The current social reality and changing global forces and spaces are inspiring the rethinking, refining, and re-empowering of the world social sciences to broach the frontiers of human knowledge, enhance mutual understanding across cultures and civilizations, and shape a better world. Taking Tsinghua University’s sociology as a case, this book concentrates on how internationalization shapes disciplinary development in a global context of asymmetrical academic relations. This inquiry is set amidst China’s dramatic economic, social, political, and cultural transformations, as well as the institutional reforms in this Chinese flagship university. This book seeks to probe how Chinese and Western knowledge, institutions, and cultures are integrated in the ongoing process of internationalization and concentrates on the disciplinary evolution of Tsinghua’s sociology—intellectually, institutionally, and culturally—drawing on top-down higher education policy and bottom-up perceptions and experiences of Tsinghua’s social scientists. This book highlights that higher education internationalization is an evolving process whose advanced phase would require Chinese social scientists to bring China to the world. It is time for Tsinghua University to reassess the long-term impact of internationalization on its academic disciplines and provide sufficient support for the development of the social sciences.
This book will attract academics, practitioners, and postgraduate students interested in higher education internationalization, international academic relations, global constellation and distribution of academic power, academic knowledge production, and the development and intellectual influences of the Chinese social sciences.
1 Internationalizing the Social Sciences in China: An Introduction
1(28)
1.1 Statement of the Problem
1(10)
1.1.1 The Evolution of the Global Social Sciences
1(2)
1.1.2 The Internationalization of Higher Education in China
3(3)
1.1.3 The International Visibility and Influence of China's Social Sciences
6(2)
1.1.4 In the Spotlight: The Global Vision and Achievements of Tsinghua University
8(2)
1.1.5 Opportunities and Challenges for Tsinghua's Social Sciences
10(1)
1.2 Research Questions
11(1)
1.3 Methodological Considerations
12(7)
1.3.1 Rationales for Adopting the Case Study
12(2)
1.3.2 Rationales for Adopting Tsinghua's Sociology as the Case
14(5)
1.4 The Significance of the Study
19(3)
1.4.1 Theoretical Significance
19(2)
1.4.2 Practical Significance
21(1)
1.5 Structure of the Book
22(7)
References
23(6)
2 The Evolution of the Social Sciences and Global Academic Relations: A Theoretical Reflection
29(38)
2.1 Studies on the Internationalization of Higher Education
30(6)
2.1.1 Understanding the Internationalization of Higher Education
30(4)
2.1.2 Internationalization Versus Globalization
34(2)
2.2 Studies on Academic Disciplines and the Social Sciences
36(8)
2.2.1 Comprehending Academic Disciplines
36(2)
2.2.2 Classification of Academic Disciplines
38(2)
2.2.3 Theories of the Academic Discipline
40(4)
2.3 A Review of International Academic Relations in the Social Sciences
44(15)
2.3.1 The Uneven Internationalization of the Social Sciences
44(7)
2.3.2 Challenging Euro-American Domination
51(2)
2.3.3 A Multi-polarized Academic World
53(2)
2.3.4 A Revolution in the Global Social Sciences?
55(4)
2.4 Summary
59(8)
References
59(8)
3 The Internationalization of the Social Sciences in Chinese Universities: A Historical and Critical Perspective
67(36)
3.1 The Social Sciences in Imperial China (1840-1912): The Emerging Disciplines
67(9)
3.1.1 Western Hegemony and the Spread of Western Learning
69(1)
3.1.2 Chinese Translations of Foreign Books
70(2)
3.1.3 Overseas-Trained Chinese Intellectuals
72(2)
3.1.4 The Development of Modern Universities and the Discipline System
74(2)
3.2 Social Sciences in the ROC Period (1912-1949): Europeanization and Americanization
76(11)
3.2.1 Socio-political, Cultural, and Educational Backgrounds of the Development of the Social Sciences
76(3)
3.2.2 Developing the Social Sciences Under Western Influences
79(3)
3.2.3 Indigenizing the Social Sciences in China
82(4)
3.2.4 Achievements and Dilemmas in the Social Sciences in the ROC Period
86(1)
3.3 Social Sciences in the PRC During the Mao Period (19491976): The Soviet Model
87(5)
3.3.1 The Soviet Model
88(3)
3.3.2 Ten Lost Years
91(1)
3.4 Social Sciences in the PRC in the Post-Mao Period (After 1976): Internationalization and Indigenization
92(7)
3.4.1 The Reconstruction of the Social Sciences in Chinese Universities
92(3)
3.4.2 The Contemporary Internationalization of the Social Sciences in Chinese Universities
95(2)
3.4.3 The Indigenous Response to the Western Social Sciences
97(2)
3.5 Summary
99(4)
References
100(3)
4 Internationalizing the Disciplinary Organization of Sociology at Tsinghua
103(32)
4.1 The Disciplinary Organization of Tsinghua's Sociology: An Institutional Snapshot
104(2)
4.2 World-Class University Policies and Internationalization Strategies
106(4)
4.2.1 Phase I: Projects 211 and 985
106(3)
4.2.2 Phase II: Double First-Class University Plan
109(1)
4.3 Institutional Isomorphism
110(12)
4.3.1 Mimetic Isomorphism
113(4)
4.3.2 Normative Isomorphism
117(2)
4.3.3 Coercive Isomorphism
119(3)
4.4 Institutional Heterogeneity
122(9)
4.4.1 Chinese Characteristics
123(2)
4.4.2 The Tsinghua Style
125(4)
4.4.3 Features of the Department
129(2)
4.5 Summary
131(4)
References
132(3)
5 Internationalization and Indigenization: Knowledge Production and Dissemination of Tsinghua's Sociology
135(30)
5.1 Examining Knowledge Production and Dissemination
136(12)
5.1.1 The Sites of Knowledge Production and Circulation
136(2)
5.1.2 Research Scopes and Territories
138(4)
5.1.3 Theoretical Affiliations and Originality
142(5)
5.1.4 Methodological Spaces
147(1)
5.2 The Dialectical Relations in Intellectual Evolution
148(12)
5.2.1 The Language Used: Chinese or English
149(3)
5.2.2 Intellectual Spaces: Internationalization and Indigenization Internationalization
152(5)
5.2.3 Asymmetric Patterns: Center and Periphery
157(3)
5.3 Summary
160(5)
References
161(4)
6 Internationalizing the Disciplinary Culture of Tsinghua's Sociology
165(18)
6.1 The Conceptual Framework of Disciplinary Culture
165(1)
6.2 Theme 1: International Scholars?
166(2)
6.3 Theme 2: International Academic Activities
168(3)
6.4 Theme 3: Research
171(2)
6.5 Theme 4: Teaching
173(3)
6.6 Theme 5: Disciplinary Development
176(4)
6.6.1 Academic Development and Social Commitment
176(1)
6.6.2 National Significance and International Frontiers
177(1)
6.6.3 National/Local Contributions and Global Influences
178(2)
6.7 Summary
180(3)
References
181(2)
7 Discussions and Conclusion
183(20)
7.1 Organizational Evolution: Three Circles with Inherent Opportunities and Complexities
184(3)
7.2 Intellectual Evolution: Fragmentation and Integration in Sociological Knowledge
187(6)
7.3 Cultural Evolution: The Coexistence of Ever-Increasing Disquiet and Expectations
193(4)
7.4 Concluding Remarks
197(6)
References
199(4)
Appendix A 203(14)
Appendix B 217(2)
Appendix C 219
Meng Xie is a lecturer and Distinguished Young Scholar in the School of Education at Renmin University of China (RUC) in Beijing. Her primary research focuses on higher education, international and comparative higher education, internationalization and international academic relations, and educational policy and management. She has published in peer-reviewed journals such as Higher Education, Frontiers of Education in China, and Tsinghua Journal of Education. She has taught courses for undergraduate, master and doctoral students, including History of Higher Education and Globalization and Higher Education Reforms. Prior to her appointment at the RUC, she obtained her PhD in Policy, Administration and Social Sciences Education from the Faculty of Education of the University of Hong Kong and a masters degree in Higher Education from the Institute of Education of Tsinghua University. She was also a visiting scholar in the Department of Sociology at Cambridge University. Her current research centers on the intellectual history and academic influence of the Chinese social sciences, Chinese intellectuals, and spaces of global knowledge in the social sciences.