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1 | (10) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 Interstellar Matter and Its Circulation |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 Interstellar Molecules |
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4 | (2) |
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1.4 Importance of Chemistry |
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6 | (2) |
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1.5 Principal Aim of This Book |
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8 | (1) |
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1.6 Units Used in Astronomy |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (2) |
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9 | (2) |
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2 Derivation of Molecular Abundances |
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11 | (26) |
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11 | (2) |
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2.2 Information Derived from Spectral Line Observations |
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13 | (12) |
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13 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Absorption Coefficient |
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16 | (4) |
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2.2.3 Optically Thin Case: Rotation Diagram Analysis |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Optically Thick Case |
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21 | (4) |
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2.3 Mechanism Determining Excitation Temperature |
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25 | (3) |
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2.4 Practical Issues for Deriving Molecular Abundances |
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28 | (9) |
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28 | (2) |
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2.4.2 Forward and Backward Approaches |
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30 | (1) |
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2.4.3 Molecular Parameters |
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30 | (5) |
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35 | (2) |
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3 Basic Concepts for Gas-Phase Chemical Reactions |
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37 | (28) |
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3.1 Chemical Reactions: Macroscopic and Microscopic Viewpoints |
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37 | (2) |
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3.2 Reactions in Interstellar Clouds |
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39 | (3) |
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3.3 Ion--Molecule Reactions |
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42 | (5) |
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3.4 Neutral--Neutral Reactions |
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47 | (4) |
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3.5 Radiative Association Reactions |
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51 | (1) |
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3.6 Dissociative Electron Recombination |
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52 | (2) |
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3.7 Photodissociation and Photoionization |
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54 | (4) |
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3.8 Timescale of Chemical Reactions |
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58 | (2) |
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3.9 Timescale for Chemical Equilibrium |
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60 | (5) |
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62 | (3) |
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4 Chemistry of Diffuse Clouds |
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65 | (26) |
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4.1 Physical Conditions in Diffuse Clouds |
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65 | (2) |
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4.2 Molecules Detected in Diffuse Clouds |
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67 | (3) |
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70 | (5) |
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75 | (2) |
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77 | (1) |
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4.6 Chemical Model of a Diffuse Cloud |
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78 | (3) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (2) |
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4.9 Diffuse Interstellar Bands |
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85 | (6) |
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89 | (2) |
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5 Chemistry of Molecular Clouds I: Gas Phase Processes |
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91 | (40) |
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5.1 Physical Conditions in Molecular Clouds |
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91 | (2) |
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5.2 Molecules in Molecular Cloud Cores |
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93 | (4) |
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97 | (8) |
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5.4 Destruction of Molecules |
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105 | (2) |
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107 | (5) |
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5.6 Oxygen Chemistry and Its Relation to Carbon Chemistry |
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112 | (2) |
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114 | (3) |
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117 | (3) |
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120 | (2) |
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5.10 Gas-Phase Chemical Models and Comparisons with Observations |
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122 | (9) |
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128 | (3) |
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6 Chemistry of Molecular Clouds II: Gas--Grain Processes |
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131 | (30) |
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6.1 Roles of Dust Grains in Astrochemistry |
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131 | (1) |
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6.2 Depletion of Atoms and Molecules onto Dust Grains |
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132 | (6) |
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6.3 Grain-Surface Reactions |
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138 | (4) |
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6.4 Formation of H2 Molecules on Grain Surfaces |
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142 | (2) |
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6.5 Formation of Various Molecules on Grain Surfaces |
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144 | (3) |
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6.6 Desorption of Molecules by Nonthermal Processes |
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147 | (1) |
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6.7 Observation of Grain Mantles |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (3) |
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6.9 Deuterium Fractionation |
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152 | (9) |
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159 | (2) |
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7 Chemistry of Star-Forming Regions |
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161 | (44) |
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161 | (2) |
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7.2 Formation of Low-Mass Stars |
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163 | (3) |
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7.3 Formation of High-Mass Stars |
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166 | (1) |
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7.4 Chemical Compositions of Low-Mass Star-Forming Regions |
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167 | (7) |
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7.4.1 Hot Corino Chemistry |
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167 | (3) |
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7.4.2 Warm Carbon-Chain Chemistry Sources |
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170 | (3) |
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173 | (1) |
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7.5 Chemical Compositions of High-Mass Star-Forming Regions |
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174 | (6) |
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174 | (2) |
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176 | (4) |
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7.5.3 Infrared Dark Clouds |
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180 | (1) |
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7.6 General Features of Chemical Processes in Star-Forming Regions |
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180 | (3) |
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7.7 Chemical Differentiation Between Oxygen-Bearing and Nitrogen-Bearing Species |
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183 | (2) |
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7.8 Carbon Chemistry in Low-Mass Star-Forming Regions: Hot Corino Chemistry and WCCC |
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185 | (3) |
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188 | (4) |
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7.10 Phosphorous Chemistry in Star-Forming Regions |
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192 | (1) |
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7.11 Photodissociation Regions |
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193 | (3) |
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7.12 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and PDRs |
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196 | (9) |
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201 | (4) |
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8 Chemistry of Protoplanetary Disks |
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205 | (22) |
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205 | (1) |
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8.2 Basic Physical Structure of Protoplanetary Disks |
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206 | (4) |
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8.3 Molecules Detected in Protoplanetary Disks |
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210 | (3) |
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8.4 Chemical Processes in Protoplanetary Disks |
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213 | (6) |
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213 | (3) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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8.4.4 Vertical and Radial Mixing |
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217 | (2) |
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219 | (1) |
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219 | (2) |
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221 | (6) |
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223 | (4) |
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9 Chemical Evolution from Interstellar Clouds to Star- and Planet- Forming Regions |
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227 | (6) |
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230 | (3) |
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10 Appendix 1: Rotational Spectra of Molecules |
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233 | (20) |
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233 | (1) |
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10.2 Rotational Spectra of Diatomic and Linear Molecules |
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234 | (2) |
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10.3 Rotational Spectra of Symmetric-Top Molecules |
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236 | (2) |
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10.4 Rotational Spectra of Asymmetric-Top Molecules |
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238 | (1) |
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10.5 Fine Structure in Rotational Transitions |
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239 | (5) |
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10.6 Hyperfine Structure of Rotational Transitions |
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244 | (2) |
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10.7 Internal Rotation and Inversion |
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246 | (7) |
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251 | (2) |
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11 Appendix 2: Observational Techniques |
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253 | (14) |
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11.1 Atmospheric Transmittance |
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253 | (2) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (5) |
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11.3.1 Receiver Configuration |
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256 | (2) |
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258 | (1) |
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259 | (1) |
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11.3.4 Measurements of Receiver Noise Temperature |
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260 | (1) |
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261 | (1) |
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262 | (2) |
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11.6 Intensity Calibrations |
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264 | (3) |
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266 | (1) |
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267 | (16) |
Index |
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283 | |